Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1984. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Bibliography: p. 30-40.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).

Thesis (M.S.Ed.)--Baylor University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-73). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 saraiva_pp_me_botfm.pdf: 671998 bytes, checksum: a348f4b3c5f860db559660122b19db84 (MD5) / Os hormônios tireóideos, o estrógeno e outros hormônios atuam no crescimento e desenvolvimento do tecido mamário. Os receptores de estrógeno devem estar presentes para que o estrógeno possa atuar na atividade biológica das células mamárias. A presença ou ausência destes receptores no tecido tem influência direta na terapêutica e prognóstico clínico do câncer de mama. Os receptores do estrógeno e do hormônio tireóideo (T3) são membros da “superfamília de receptores” intracelulares. Estes receptores atuam na ativação da transcrição de genes alvo, através da união ao seu elemento responsivo hormonal. Ainda não se sabe de que forma o hormônio tireóideo atua no tecido tumoral mamário. Estudos epidemiológicos são contraditórios, mostrando que, quando os níveis de T3 estão elevados existe proteção contra o desenvolvimento de câncer de mama. Outros estudos demonstram haver aumento no risco e incidência do câncer mamário em pacientes hipertireoideas. Análises in vitro demonstraram que o T3, em concentrações suprafisiológicas induz a proliferação celular. Em pacientes com câncer de mama realizamos dosagens hormonais e verificamos a expressão dos receptores de estrógeno. Também foi estudada a conformação da molécula do T3 e do receptor de estrógeno, para confirmar se uma possível ligação estaria ocorrendo entre o T3 e o ER... / Thyroid hormones, estrogen and other hormones act in the growth and development of breast tissue. Estrogen receptors must be present so that estrogen can act in the biological activity of breast cells. The presence or the abscense of these receptors in tissue has direct influence on therapeutics and clinical prognostic of breast cancer. Estrogen and thyroid hormone (T3) receptors are members of intracellular “receptors superfamily”. These receptors work in the activation of the transcription of target genes, linking them to their hormonal responsive. It is not known in which way thyroid hormone act in tumoral breast tissue. Epidemiologic studies are contradicting, showing that, when T3 levels are high, there is protection agains the development of breast cancer. Other studies show that there must be an increase in the risk and incidence of breast cancer in hyperthyroidean patients. In vitro analysis present that supra-physiologicals concentrations of T3 induces cellular proliferation. We performed hormonal dosage and verified the expression of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients. The morphology of T3 molecule and of the estrogen receptor were also studied, to confirm if a possible link would exist between T3 and ER. Our results show an existance of a clinical relation between thyroid... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a precursor of the two purine nucleotides, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP)e through DEAE-Scphacex, and the reaction IMP~ XMP is catalyzed by: IMP dehydrogenase which was purified in a manner similar to adenylosuccinate synthetase. Adenylosuccinate synthetase of rat liver is stimulated maximally with 10-9 M L-T 3 or 10-5 M L-T4 , but not by D in vivo effects. Further correlation to in vivo studies was obtained from brain and testes tissues. / Ph. D.

In this thesis, I develop a history of thyroid hormone treatment (THT) that centers on the bodies of animals and women between 1890 and 1970. This history contextualizes the current debate between two forms of THT, desiccated and synthetic. Drawing on the discourses present in biomedical journals, I trace how medical practitioners used the animals and women to demonstrate and make sense of THT's effectiveness over time. As such, I study what Catherine Waldby terms the "biomedical imaginary" or the speculative fabric of scientific thought, to demonstrate how an "ordinary" medical technology crosses and reinforces the conceptions of gender and animality. THT emerged in the 1890s as an organotherapy, or a medicine made from animal organs. Like other organotherapies, general physicians used THT for a wide variety of ailments that had not been scientifically proven through the practices of vivisection or animal experimentation. From its emergence, THT served as a site of tension between scientific researchers and general practitioners. This tension only increased when a synthetic form of THT was invented in the 1920s, when scientific researchers embraced synthetic THT and general practitioners continued using desiccated THT. At the center of the controversy were the productive and subversive relationships of animals and women to biomedical meaning-making. Over the twentieth century, methods of defining THT's effectiveness and purity were defined in opposition to these bodies. These chemical measures combined the specialist and physician's measurement of THT's clinical effectiveness, which led to a preference for synthetic THT. / Master of Science

The effect of thyroid hormones on nuclear RNA synthesis was studied in vitro. Results indicated that thyroid hormones added to cell-free rat liver homogenates, in the presence of IMP as a precursor of purine nucleotides and necessary substrates, stimulated orotic acid-6-¹⁴C incorporation into nuclear RNA. The stimulatory effect was observed with 10⁻⁹ M triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T₃ )and with 10⁻⁵ M thyroxine. Thyroid hormones had no effect on the incorporation of UTP-³H into nuclear RNA which is evidence that the primary site of action of the hormones is in the cytoplasm, i.e., the conversion of IMP to AMP and to GMP. The net effect is to maintain a high adenine nucleotide/guanine nucleotide ratio. The incorporation of UTP-³H into nuclear RNA was enhanced when the ATP/GTP ratio was greater than one as compared to that when the ratio was one, and it was inhibited when the ratio was less than one. The relative concentrations of the purine nucleotides had a profound effect on nuclear RNA synthesis. DNase and actinomycin D inhibited nuclear RNA synthesis induced by a high ATP/GTP ratio. Based on these results, it was proposed that thyroid hormones regulate the synthesis of AMP and GMP from IMP and maintain a high adenine nucleotide/ guanine nucleotide ratio which enhances the synthesis of a specific RNA. The significance of the maintenance of a high adenine nucleotide/guanine nucleotide ratio and the consequences of the synthesis of a specific RNA were discussed. / Master of Science

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