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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SUBSURFACE DRAIN SPACING ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESKevin Samuel Mitchell (9173993) 27 July 2020 (has links)
<p><a>Subsurface tile drainage is a
commonly used practice to lower the water table in poorly drained soils, and is
often done to improve soil conditions for agricultural operations. Tile drainage
has been shown to increase cash crop yield, allow for more timely field
operations, and reduce erosion.</a> However, few studies have evaluated the potential long-term
changes in soil physical and chemical properties as a result of subsurface tile
drainage. This study was conducted on a naturally poorly drained Clermont silt
loam soil located at the Southeast Purdue Ag Center near Butlerville Indiana.
The intent of this study was to characterize possible evolution of soil
physical and chemical properties after 35 years of subsurface drainage. <a>The field site was established in the spring of 1983 with
tile drains installed in 2 blocks with tile spacings of 5, 10, 20, and 40m, with the 40-m spacing used
as the undrained control</a>. Soil samples were collected in May of 2018 to a
depth of 1 meter and were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen content, aggregate
stability, and fertility at depth increments of 0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-50, 50-75
and 75-100cm. In-field measurements were also taken in May of 2018 for vane
shear resistance and in May of 2019 for cone penetration resistance. Total
carbon content was found to be significantly higher in the 5-m tile spacing
than the 40-m tile spacing in the 0-5cm and 5-15cm depths, with the 10-m and
20-m tile spacings being intermediate. Conversely, in the 75-100cm depth the
inverse trend was observed, where the 40-m tile spacing was found to have
significantly greater carbon content than narrower tile spacings. Trends
observed with carbon stocks per depth increment closely followed trends
observed with carbon content at the same depth. However, no significant
differences were observed among treatments with the summation of carbon stocks
to the 1-m depth. Tile spacing did not have a significant effect on aggregate
stability at any depth. The soil fertility data showed some indication of the
potential translocation of soil calcium from the soil surface to lower depths
in the soil profile resulting in significantly higher soil pH in the 5-m tile
spacing than the 40-m tile spacing in all depths below 30cm. No consistent
differences related to treatment were found with the cone penetrometer or vane
shear penetrometer measurements. After 35 years of drainage history, tile drain
spacing did not have a significant effect on total carbon stocks to the 1-m
depth, but rather seems to have had a significant effect on the vertical
distribution of soil carbon content throughout the soil profile.</p>
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Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive BarrierMcLean, Neil Ross 26 September 2007 (has links)
Abstract
Permeable reactive barrier technology is a cost effective means of treating near surface groundwater contaminant plumes. However, current reactive barrier technology lacks the capacity to manipulate flow rates and thus hydraulic retention time (HRT) within the barriers in order to maximize the effectiveness and longevity of the media. This study examines the effectiveness of tile drains as passive controls on the flow rate of ground-water through an existing wood particle media permeable reactive barrier treating agricultural nitrate. The use of upgradient and downgradient tile drains allowed HRT to be increased from 4.5 to 10 days in one trial and then to be decreased from 11.1 to 0.8 days in a second trial. Influent groundwater NO3-N concentrations of ~100 mg/L were attenuated to detection limit (0.02 mg/L) only 12% of the 4 m long barrier with HRTs of 4.5 to 10 days. During the second trial, HRT was decreased to 0.8 days and NO3-N penetrated to the downgradient edge of the PRB at 1.8 mg/L. The behaviour of SO4 in the PRB was also affected by flow rate. SO4 entered the PRB at 60 to 71 mg/L during the first trial. Under a HRT of 10 days it was depleted to detection limit after traveling through only 13% of the barrier. When HRT was decreased to 4.5 days, SO4 was able to penetrate the downgradient edge of the PRB at concentrations from 4 to 6 mg/L. With a 0.8 day HRT SO4 reduction was highly restricted as calculations showed 90% of available carbon in the PRB was being used to reduce NO3-N, compared to 7.5% being used for SO4 reduction at that time. In comparison, at the 10 day HRT, 61% of carbon being used for NO3-N reduction, 8.7% for SO4 reduction, 0.7 for dissolved oxygen and 29% was lost through DOC leaching. These calculations suggest that barrier efficiency can be greatly enhanced by manipulation of HRT through use of tile drains.
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Use of Drains for Passive Control of Flow Through a Permeable Reactive BarrierMcLean, Neil Ross 26 September 2007 (has links)
Abstract
Permeable reactive barrier technology is a cost effective means of treating near surface groundwater contaminant plumes. However, current reactive barrier technology lacks the capacity to manipulate flow rates and thus hydraulic retention time (HRT) within the barriers in order to maximize the effectiveness and longevity of the media. This study examines the effectiveness of tile drains as passive controls on the flow rate of ground-water through an existing wood particle media permeable reactive barrier treating agricultural nitrate. The use of upgradient and downgradient tile drains allowed HRT to be increased from 4.5 to 10 days in one trial and then to be decreased from 11.1 to 0.8 days in a second trial. Influent groundwater NO3-N concentrations of ~100 mg/L were attenuated to detection limit (0.02 mg/L) only 12% of the 4 m long barrier with HRTs of 4.5 to 10 days. During the second trial, HRT was decreased to 0.8 days and NO3-N penetrated to the downgradient edge of the PRB at 1.8 mg/L. The behaviour of SO4 in the PRB was also affected by flow rate. SO4 entered the PRB at 60 to 71 mg/L during the first trial. Under a HRT of 10 days it was depleted to detection limit after traveling through only 13% of the barrier. When HRT was decreased to 4.5 days, SO4 was able to penetrate the downgradient edge of the PRB at concentrations from 4 to 6 mg/L. With a 0.8 day HRT SO4 reduction was highly restricted as calculations showed 90% of available carbon in the PRB was being used to reduce NO3-N, compared to 7.5% being used for SO4 reduction at that time. In comparison, at the 10 day HRT, 61% of carbon being used for NO3-N reduction, 8.7% for SO4 reduction, 0.7 for dissolved oxygen and 29% was lost through DOC leaching. These calculations suggest that barrier efficiency can be greatly enhanced by manipulation of HRT through use of tile drains.
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Identifying Subsurface Tile Drainage Systems Utilizing Remote Sensing TechniquesThompson, James January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Evaluating the Advective Capacity of Regional Groundwater Flow Regimes to Transport Legacy DRP in a Tiled Farm Field of The Maumee River WatershedMcCormick, Matthew Ryan January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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