The thesis is a survey of 291 frontispieces and illustrated title pages in European books on astronomy from the 17th century. It is a quantitative and qualitative survey of how motifs are related to consumption, identification and display. Elements in the motifs related to factual content as opposed to those aimed to raise the perceived value of astronomy are distinguished. The quantitative study shows that astronomical phenomena (90 per cent) and scientific instruments (62 per cent, or as much as 86 per cent if only titles with illustrations occupying an entire page are considered) are the most common motifs to inform the reader of the genre. Besides these, a wide range of depicted features indicate the particularity of each title. Different means for raising the value of astronomy and its attributes are identified. The interplay of “real” or “credible” elements with fictional ones was used to attract attention, create positive associations and promote acquisition and reading. The motifs mainly promote delectation and erudition, although some attract attention through their deliberately enigmatic design and a few through fear. The survey determines prevalent settings (palaces, the theatre, gardens, the wilderness and the heavens), activities (skilful use of instruments, conversations or disputes), references to the ancients and heraldic components. They present both the self-image of astronomers at the time and ideal components that contain connotations of an enhanced reality. This self-image also contributed to the definition of normative values for astronomers in the 17th century. The affinities between painters and astronomers are examined. In addition, an analysis of descriptions of frontispieces is undertaken, which shows that the user of the book was expected to devote considerable time to the frontispiece in order to understand all of its particular features and that the illustrations were suitable for display and learned digression.

On April 1, 1999, Akimiski Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, became part of the newly created Inuit-dominated territory of Nunavut, even though the Inuit never asserted Aboriginal title to this island. This is why the Omushkegowuk Cree of the western James Bay region of Ontario, Canada, assert Aboriginal title over this island. Essentially, the Government of Canada has reversed the onus of responsibility for proving Aboriginal title from the Inuit to the Cree. In this paper, we examined whether the Omushkegowuk Cree fulfill all the criteria of the common law test of Aboriginal title with respect to Akimiski Island, utilizing all available printed and online material. All criteria of the common law test of Aboriginal title were met; however, the written record only alludes to the Cree using Akimiski Island at the time of first contact and prior, Cree oral history was consulted to illuminate upon this matter. I documented and employed Cree oral history to establish that Cree traditional use and occupancy of Akimiski Island was “sufficient to be an established fact at the time of assertion of sovereignty by European nations” (INAC, 1993:5; INAC, 2008); thereby, fulfilling criterion 2 of the test for Aboriginal title. As the Cree have now met all criteria of the common law test for proof of Aboriginal title in Canada, with respect to Akimiski Island, a formal land claim should be considered by the Cree.

The settlement of the claim to fisheries by Maori is a political milestone. The Sealords Deal (the Deal) as it is commonly known, is the first settlement in New Zealand which extinguishes Maori claims to a particular resource. It affects all iwi and proposes the development of a process for the allocation of benefits. As such it needs to be considered in terms of other post-colonial nations� experiences in the resolution of claims to natural resources. Canada, the United States and Australia provide examples of different attitudes and approaches to the resolution of claims to natural resources by their indigenous populations. A typical history of the resolution of claims to natural resources in post-colonial nations begins with initial European contact, followed by increased numbers of settlers which places pressure on governments and the judiciary to justify the acquisition and exploitation of land and other resources. This leaves the indigenous population landless and welfare dependent. This pattern is reflected in judicial decision-making. In New Zealand, the courts initially acknowledged that the rights of Maori to their lands and other resources, existed unless specifically taken away. When pressure for acquisition of land occurred the courts responded by holding that Maori rights to resources only existed if specifically granted by a court or the legislature. This reversed the original presumption of existence of a right unless taken away. It has only been recently that the New Zealand judiciary has reaccepted the common law doctrine of aboriginal title. This brings New Zealand more in line with Canada and the United States, but New Zealand still has some way to go in acknowledging the doctrine of fiduciary obligation of the Crown/government to Maori. It is also helpful to analyse the changes that have taken place in governments� policies that have enabled the creation of an enviroment in which such a settlement can take place. The Labour governments of 1984 and 1987 began a number of policy initiatives which created a socio-economic climate and responsive enviroment favourable to the settlement of such a claim. Changes are also occurring internationally. Indigenous people�s rights are coming to the fore with the proposed Universal Declaration on Indigenous Rights nearly in place. All this change at a national and international level has only been possible by post-colonial nations acknowledging their past in order to move to the future with confidence. The Sealords Deal is an example of an attempt by Maori and the New Zealand government to make this move forward.

This thesis argues that native title rights are fundamental to Indigenous citizenship in Australia. It does this by developing a normative conception of citizenship in connection with a model of constitutionalism. Here, citizenship is more than a legal status. It refers to the norms of individual rights coupled with democratic responsibility that are attached to the person in a liberal-democracy. Constitutionalism provides the framework for understanding the manner in which Australian society realizes these norms. This thesis focuses on a society attempting to grapple with issues of postcolonialism. A fundamental question faced in these societies is the legitimacy of group rights based in pre-colonization norms. This thesis argues that these rights can be legitimized when constitutionalism is understood as originating in the deliberations connecting civil society with the state; which deliberations reconcile individual rights with group rights in such a way as to resolve the issue of their competing claims to legitimacy. Civil society is the social space in which politico-legal norms collide with action. The argument constructed here is that native title is built on norms that have the potential (it is a counterfactual argument) to contribute to a postcolonial civil society. This is one in which colonizer and colonized coordinate their action in a mutual search for acceptable solutions to the question 'how do we live together?'. The optimistic analysis is tempered by a consideration of the development of native title law. The jurisprudence of the High Court after the Wik's Case has undermined the potential of native title to play a transformative role. It has undermined Indigenous Australians' place in civil society, and their status as equal individuals and responsible citizens. In seeking to explain this, the thesis turns from jurisprudence to political sociology, and argues that an alternative model of constitutionalism and civil society has supplanted the postcolonial; viz., the neoliberal.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2007. / Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Sustainability, Environmental and Life Sciences. Title of CD-ROM: Uniting the voices : decision making to negotiate for Native Title in South Australia. Includes bibliographical references.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através de ensaios de tração, os efeitos do desenvolvimento de miopatia metabólica secundária a administração de corticosteróide sobre propriedades biomecânicas dos músculos diafragma e gastrocnêmio medial de coelhos. Foram estudadas 30 coelhas albinas adultas da raça Nova Zelândia, divididas em dois grupos de 15: Grupo Experimental (GE), que recebeu injeções subcutâneas de succinato sódico de 21 metil-prednisolona (Solumedrol Ò; Pharmacia - Up John N.N. / S.A. – Puurs - Bélgica) nas doses de 2 mg/kg/dia, e Grupo Controle (GC) que recebeu soro fisiológico a 0,9% por via subcutânea em volumes proporcionais. Ambos os grupos foram tratados durante 21 dias consecutivos. Os ensaios de tração foram realizados utilizando uma Máquina Universal de Ensaios do Laboratório de Bioengenharia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP. Para o hemi-diafragma esquerdo foram feitos 24 ensaios, 12 para o GE e 12 para o GC e excluídos 3 animais de cada grupo devido a problemas técnicos. Para o gastrocnêmio medial esquerdo foram feitos 30 ensaios, sendo 15 no GE e 15 no GC. A análise histoenzimológica dos músculos hemi-diafragma e gastrocnêmio medial direitos foi feita em 3 coelhos do GE e 3 do GC. O peso médio final dos animais no GE foi 3,6 Kg e no GC 4,0 Kg. A variação média percentual de peso final no GE foi - 8,4% e no GC 3,1%. O valor médio de peso final do gastrocnêmio no GE foi 5,6g e no GC 7,0g. Os valores médios de área, largura e espessura do gastrocnêmio no GE foram 2,4 x 10-4 m 2, 21,7 mm e 5,4 mm, respectivamente e no GC 2,8 x 10-4 m 2, 24,1 mm e 6,7.mm Nos diafragmas os valores médios de tensão e deformação do limite máximo, tensão e deformação do limite de proporcionalidade e módulo de elasticidade no GE comparado ao GC utilizando o teste t de Student e teste de Mann Whitney, não mostraram diferenças estatísticamente significantes. Nos gastrocnêmios os valores médios de carga máxima, carga e deformação do limite de proporcionalidade e rigidez no GE comparado ao GC, pelo teste t de Student não mostraram diferença estatística significante. Porém, o valor médio de deformação máxima no GE foi 26,63 x10-3 m e no GC 32,33 x10-3 m, mostrando significância estatística entre os grupos através do teste t de Student. Quanto aos locais de ruptura, no GE, 9 foram no ventre muscular, 2 na porção miotendínea distal e 4 na origem e no GC 8 ocorreram no ventre muscular, 5 na porção miotendínea distal e 2 na origem. Do ponto de vista histopatológico observamos que: a miopatia metabólica apresentou-se mais evidente nos diafragmas do GE; houve alterações metabólicas leves nos gastrocnêmios do GE e ocorreu aumento da succinato de desidrogenase (SDH) e Tricrômicro de Gomori modificado nos diafragmas do GC. Diante disto, concluímos que: 1) Os diafragmas não mostraram alterações de suas propriedade biomecânicas, nas fases plástica e elástica, apresentando a mesma capacidade de alongamento em ambos os grupos, suportando cargas semelhantes; 2) O músculo gastrocnêmio medial manteve suas características e capacidade de alongamento na fase elástica. Entretanto, o tratamento com esteróide, na fase plástica, levou a uma significativa redução do seu limite máximo de deformação, apresentando uma menor capacidade de alongamento, embora com mesma carga máxima do controle. / The aim of this study was to assess, using traction assays, the effects of the metabolic myopathy secondary to corticosteroids on biomechanical features of the diaphragm and the medial gastrocnemius muscles of rabbits. The study was composed of 30 albino adult rabbits of the New Zealand breed, which were divided into 2 groups of 15: Experimental Group (EG), which received subcutaneous injections of sodium succinate of 21 methil-prednisolone with doses of 2mg/Kg/day, and the Control Group (CG) which received subcutaneous Saline in proportional volumes. Both groups were treated during 21 consecutive days. The traction assays were performed by applying the Universal Machine of Assays from the Bioengenering Laboratory at the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto - USP. For the left hemi-diaphragm, 24 assays were performed, 12 for EG and 12 CG. Three animals from each group were excluded due to technical problems. For the left medial gastrocnemius, 30 assays were done, 15 for the EG and 15 for CG. The histoenzymologic analysis of both the hemi-diaphragm muscles and the right mild gastrocnemius were performed in three rabbits of the EG, and 3 of the CG. The final average weight for the animals in EG was 3,6Kg, and in the CG was 4,0Kg. The average percentage variation from the initial to the final weight for the EG was -8,4% and for the CG 3,1%. The final average weight of gastrocnemius was 5,1g in the EG and 7,0g in the CG. The average value of the area width and thickness of the EG was 2,4 x 10 -4 m 2, 21,7 mm and 5,4 mm, respectively, and for the CG 2,8 x 10-4 m 2, 24,1 mm and 6,7mm. In the diaphragms, the average values of the tension and deformity in the maximum threshold, tension and deformity at the proportional threshold and elasticity module in the EG compared to the CG, through the Student t Test and the Mann Whitney test, presented no significant statistical differences. In the gastrocnemius, average values of the maximum load, load and deformity within the threshold of proportions and stiffness in the EG compared to the CG, according to the Student t test, did not present a significant statistical difference. However, the average values of maximum deformity were 26,63 x10 -3 m in the EG and 32,33 x10-3 m in the GC, showing statistical significant difference between groups. Concerning the locations of the rupture in the EG, 9 were in the muscle belly, 2 in the miotendinous distal junction, and 4 in the origin; in the CG the rupture ocurred 8 times in the muscle belly , 5 in miotendinous distal junction and 2 in the origin. From a histopathological view, we have observed that metabolic myophaty was presented clearly evident in the diaphragms of the EG; there were slight metabolic alterations in the gastrocnemius of the EG, and there was an increase of the succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and modified Gomori Trichrome in the diaphragms of the CG. In this manner, we conclude that: 1) The diaphragms didn´t show alterations of their biomechanical properties, in elastic and plastic phases, showing the same elongation capacity in both groups, with equal loads; 2) The medium gastrocnemius muscles, kept their biomechanical features and elongation capacity in elastic phase. However, the steroid treatment lead to a significant decrease of the elongation capacity in the plastic phase, with maximal loads similar to the control group; 3) It was not found a relationship between histological evidences of metabolic miopathy and changes in the biomechanical properties of the studied muscles.

This dissertation examines the discursive and material terrain of urban Indigenous education in a public school district and Title VII/Indian Education program. Based in tenets of Tribal Critical Race Theory and utilizing counterstorytelling techniques from Critical Race Theory informed by contemporary Indigenous philosophy and methodological theory, this research takes as its focus the often-unacknowledged ways settler colonial discourses continue to operate in public schools. Drawing on two years of fieldwork in a public school district, this dissertation documents and makes explicit racial and colonial dynamics that manifest in educational policy and practice through a series of counterstories. The counterstories survey a range of educational issues, including the implementation of Native-themed curriculum, teachers’ attempts to support Native students in their classrooms, challenges to an administrator’s “no adornment” policies for graduation, Native families’ negotiations of erasures embedded in practice and policy, and a Title VII program’s efforts to claim physical and cultural space in the district, among other issues. As a collective, these stories highlight the ways that colonization and settler society discourses continue to shape Native students’ experiences in schools. Further, by documenting the nuanced intelligence, courage, artfulness, and what Gerald Vizenor has termed the “survivance” of Native students, families, and educators as they attempt to access education, the research provides a corrective to deficit framings of Indigenous students. Beyond building empathy and compassion for Native students and communities, the purpose is to identify both the content and nature of the competencies teachers, administrators, and policy makers might need in order to provide educational services that promote Indigenous students’ success and well-being in school and foster educational self-determination. This research challenges educators to critically interrogate taken-for-granted assumptions about Native identity, culture, and education and invites educators to examine their own contexts for knowledge, insights, and resources to better support Native students in urban public schools and intervene into discourses that constrain their educational experiences.

abstract: This dissertation examines automobile title lending practices to interrogate debt as an embodied experience. Alternative financial services such as title lending provide a way to link socio-economic inequality to instruments of financial debt. The predominant research on inequality focuses on wage, income, and asset wealth; rarely is a direct connection made between socio-economic inequality and the object of debt. My interest lies beyond aggregate amounts of debt to also consider the ways in which different bodies have access to different forms of debt. This project examines how particular subprime instruments work to reinforce structural inequalities associated with race, class, and gender and how specific populations are increasingly coming to rely on debt to subsist. Using in-depth interviews, geospatial mapping, and descriptive statistical analysis I show the importance of recognizing debt not only as a conditional object but also as a lived condition of being. I conclude with discussions on dispossession and financial precarity to consider how the normative discourse of debt needs to change. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2016

abstract: Transnational feminist scholars have increasingly recognized the need to interrogate the dominance of the US and the global north in transnational transactions. Chandra Mohanty argues that transnational feminist scholarship needs to “address fundamental questions of systemic power and inequities and to develop feminist, antiracist analyses of neoliberalism, militarism, and heterosexism as nation-state-building projects” (2013, p. 968). Following this call for analyzing power from feminist, anti-racist stances, this dissertation interrogates Title IX as a nationalist discourse with global reach. As a law created in the era of liberal feminism, Title IX still operates today in neoliberal times and this dissertation makes sense of Title IX as an instrument of neoliberalized feminism in transnational sporting contexts. The following three case studies focus on Title IX as it travels across nation-state borders through 21st century ideas of equity, empowerment, and opportunity. This dissertation begins by exploring at how transnational sporting policy regarding the participation standards of transgender and intersex athletes operates under the neoliberalized feminism of Title IX. It then moves to a discussion of a Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) project--Women Win’s digital storytelling project. In analyzing SDP projects, I map the cultural logics of Title IX’s neoliberalized feminism in the context of training girls and women to record their stories sport participation. Finally, the dissertation connects the context of the first Saudi female Olympians to Oiselle’s branding campaign of Sarah Attar, one of the first Saudi Olympians. It traces her image as an import-export product for the Olympic Committee and Oiselle through equity, opportunity, and empowerment. Finally, these case studies are bridged by networking the discourses of investing in a girl (commodifying girls becoming autonomous actors through education and economics) to Title IX’s focus on gender equity in order to show how these discourses simultaneously increase and negatively impact participation in sports by women from the global south. Moreover, it offers how future research in women’s transnational sports can more ethically incorporate the standpoint of women from the global south in sport policy, SDP projects, and branding campaigns. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2016

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-26T00:19:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRENIA TEIXEIRA DE BRITO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 2934024 bytes, checksum: a97bbc89edeb4fcef99b50e06097f51e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T00:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRENIA TEIXEIRA DE BRITO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 2934024 bytes, checksum: a97bbc89edeb4fcef99b50e06097f51e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / Capes / Na manufatura de materiais cerâmicos argilosos, o produto é submetido as etapas de moldagem, secagem e queima. A secagem é um processo termodinâmico, por meio do qual ocorre a redução do teor de umidade do sólido, mediante o fornecimento de energia ao mesmo. Durante a secagem, dependendo das condições operacionais, podem surgir trincas, deformações e empenamentos que contribuem para reduzir a qualidade do produto póssecagem. O transporte de umidade, do interior para superfície do material, pode ocorrer na forma líquida e/ou vapor, dependendo do tipo de produto e do percentual de umidade presente. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo analítico da secagem de sólidos paralelepipédicos. Foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático tridimensional transiente, baseado nas Leis de Fourier e de Fick, para predizer a transferência de calor e massa que ocorre no sólido, considerando propriedades termo físicas constantes e condições de contorno de 3ª espécie (convecção). Todo formalismo matemático e solução analítica via método de separação de variáveis das equações diferenciais parciais que compõem o modelo referenciado foram apresentadas. Para obtenção dos resultados, foi desenvolvido um código computacional no ambiente do software Mathematica®. Aplicação foi dada secagem de tijolos cerâmicos comuns. Resultados simulados das cinéticas de aquecimento e secagem do sólido paralelepipédico, bem como as distribuições do teor de umidade e temperatura durante o processo são apresentados e discutidos. Verificou-se que o coeficiente de difusão de massa se mostra dependente do tipo de argila, teor de umidade inicial da amostra e da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar de secagem, variando de 0,22x10 -8 a 2,73x10-8m2/s, quando a temperatura aumentou de 60 para 110ºC, respectivamente, e que os vértices do sólido cerâmico secam e se aquecem mais rápido, gerando nessa região tensões que podem provocar trincas e deformações que podem comprometer a qualidade final do produto. / In the manufacture of clay ceramic materials, the product undergoes the steps of molding, drying and firing. Drying is a thermodynamic process which occurs through the reduction of the moisture content of the solid by supplying energy thereto. During drying, depending on operating conditions may arise cracks, deformation and warping which contribute to reducing the quality of the product after drying. Moisture transport from the center to surface of the product can occur in liquid and/or vapor form, depending on the type of product and moisture content. This work presents an analytical study of the drying of a parallelepiped solid. It was developed a transient and three dimensional mathematical model based on Fourier and Fick's Laws to predict heat and mass transfer that occurs in the solid, considering constant thermo physical properties and boundary conditions of 3rd kind (convection). All mathematical formalism and analytical solution of the partial differential equations using the method of separation of variables of has been presented. For obtain the results, it was developed a computational code using the Mathematica ®commercial software. Application was done to ceramic brick drying. Simulated results of heating and drying kinetics of the parallelepiped solid, as well as of moisture content and temperature distributions during the process are presented and discussed. It was found that the mass diffusion coefficient is dependent on the chemical composition of clay (clay type), initial moisture content of the sample and temperature and relative humidity of drying air varying from 0.22x10-8 to 2.73x10 -8m2/s, when the temperature increased from 60 to 110ºC, respectively, and that the vertex of the ceramic solid dry and heat more fast generating stress in this region which can provokes cracks and deformation that can a affect the final quality of the product. The control of the drying process is extremely important, because depending on the material during the drying process, there may be considerable deformation in manufactured products, ranging from thermal and water stress, thereby increasing process costs and losses of companies.