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En este estudio se midió la microdureza Vickers del esmalte dental después de la exposición a tres bebidas industrializadas más consumidas en la ciudad de Lima y una bebida control, para evaluar el efecto erosivo de esta bebidas ácidas y su relación con la acidez titulable, el nivel de pH y el efecto buffer de las mismas. Se elaboraron 60 bloques de esmalte superficial de 2mm de espesor por 2-4mm de longitud; se colocaron en acrílico de curado rápido en moldes circunferenciales de 10mm de diámetro y 5mm de altura en diferentes colores (azul para la bebida carbonatada, anaranjado para la bebida refrescante, verde para la bebida isotónica y blanco para la bebida control; para poder diferenciarlos) los cuales se les dieron el paralelismo ente la superficie libre y la base del molde; luego se les dio un pulido tipo espejo para después ser llevados al microdurómetro Buehler donde se les midió la microdureza. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados a través de la prueba estadística de TSTUDENT, ANALISIS DE VARIANZA ANOVA, TUKEY HSD, KRUSKAL WALLIS Y U DE MANN WHITNEY. Se concluyó que la microdureza superficial del esmalte disminuye significativamente luego de ser sometido a la acción de las bebidas ácidas estudiadas y que el efecto erosivo es inmediato y se incrementa con cada exposición. Se obtuvo como resultado que la bebida isotónica es más erosiva que las otras bebidas; y se concluyó que no hay una relación entre el efecto erosivo y los valores de pH, acidez titulable y efecto buffer las bebidas. / In this study we measured the Vickers microhardness of enamel after exposure to three industrialized beverages more consumed in the city of Lima, and a control beverage; we want to evaluate the erosive effect of the acidic beverages and their relation with the titratable acidity, the level of pH and buffer effect of this beverages. 60 blocks of surface enamel were made of 2mm thickness, and 2-4mm in length, were placed in fast curing acrylic circumferential mold of 10mm in diameter and 5mm in height, in different colors (blue for the carbonated drink, orange for the drink refreshing, green for the drink isotonic and white for the control beverage; to be differentiated); we gave them that the free surface being parallel with the base of the mold, then they were given a mirrorpolished for microhardness after that, they were being taken to Buehler where microhardness was measured. The data were analyzed by the statistical test T-STUDENT, ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ANOVA, HSD TUKEY, YU WALLIS KRUSKAL WHITNEY MANN. It was concluded that the enamel surface microhardness decreases significantly after being subjected to the action of acidic drinks and the erosive effect is immediate and increases with each exposure. The result was that the isotonic beverage is more erosive than other drinks, and it was concluded that there is not a relationship between the erosive effect of pH values, titratable acidity and buffer effect of the beverages.

<p> The principal subject of this thesis is to experimentally determine the beta attenuation patterns in tooth enamel layers, and to examine the predictions of two theoretical models which are involved in the beta dose calculations of ESR dating. One of the models is based on empirical equations (Yokoyama, 1982) and employed by R.Grün (1986) in the DATA software of ESR dating, the other is based on the "one group" transport theory which was incorporated in the ROSY dating programme (B.J. Brennan, et al., 1997).</p> <p> The theoretical bases of Grün's approximation (i.e. the empirical approach) and the "one group" transport theory are discussed. Their predictions of beta attenuation under 2-π geometry are compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulations, and were then compared with the results of our experimental work, which show clear inclination to the predictions of "one group" theory and Monte Carlo. The previous experiment of Aitken et al.(1985) is also described and its flawed geometric arrangement is discussed.</p> <p> In this study, two sets of experiments are performed. The first set used pitchblende as the irradiator and employed the configuration of irradiator-absorber-detector, which is aimed to reassess the experiment of Aitken et al. (1985). The second set of our experiments used a pure beta source of 90Sr(90Y) and employed the innovative configuration of tooth enamel pellets in a hole of tooth enamel holder, which substantially solved the problem encountered in the first set (e.g. gamma background subtraction and non-2π geometry, etc.).</p> <p> Based on our experimental results as well as the discussion of Aitken et al.'s experiment, a conclusion is drawn that the "one group" theory is more reliable in predicting beta doses in ESR dating samples, and consequently, it challenges the ESR ages calculated by DATA software which employs the empirical approach. The comparison of ESR ages calculated by the two dating programmes is shown, and some revisions of published ESR ages based on DATA programme demonstrate the great significance of our experimental results.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Yes / The Early Bronze Age round barrows at Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire and Gayhurst, Buckinghamshire contained remarkably large quantities of cattle (Bos taurus) remains. At Irthlingborough, at least 185 skulls with smaller numbers of mandibles, shoulder blades and pelves were found together with a small number of skeletal elements from aurochs (Bos primigenius). In contrast, the remains from Gayhurst are dominated by the limb bones from more than 300 animals. This study employed strontium isotope ratio analysis of cattle tooth enamel from 15 cattle and one aurochs to investigate the diversity of the animals’ origins at both sites and provide insights into Early Bronze Age funerary practices. Although strontium results show that most of the cattle and the aurochs included in this study were consistent with local origins, one animal from each barrow was born remotely, most likely in western Britain. In addition, a second Gayhurst animal was consistent with origins in a region of chalk rather than the local Jurassic sediments.

As alterações na alimentação dos equinos levaram à mudança também no desgaste dentário natural, tornando-o desordenado e até ineficiente, contribuindo de forma ampla para as desordens digestivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as implicações de um tratamento odontológico, sobre os parâmetros digestivos e metabólicos de equinos. Foram utilizados oito cavalos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, machos, castrados, com idade média 80&#177;7 meses e peso médio de 460&#177;28 kg nunca submetidos a tratamento odontológico. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais, alimentados com dieta constituída de 2% do peso corpóreo (PC) em MS/dia, divididos em 0,75% de concentrado peletizado formulado para equino em manutenção e 1,25% de feno de gramínea (Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton 85). Os tratamentos foram divididos em grupo controle (D0; animais sem nenhum tratamento odontológico), grupo D20 (animais avaliados vinte dias após o tratamento odontológico) e grupo D40 (animais avaliados quarenta dias após o tratamento odontológico). Os animais passaram por um período de adaptação à dieta de 15 dias e 5 dias de coleta total de fezes. A odontoplastia consistiu de sedação e, na sequência, redução de pontas excessivas de esmalte e ajuste de oclusão, buscando melhorar a amplitude dos movimentos mastigatórios. As variáveis avaliadas foram: coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CD) da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), proteína bruta (PB) e extrato etéreo (EE); área abaixo da curva (AAC) de glicose e insulina, comportamento alimentar, concentração de colesterol, triglicérides e lipoproteínas, pH fecal, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e ácido láctico nas fezes O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância considerando significância de 5%. Foram observadas diferenças na digestibilidade aparente (P&lt;0,05) da FDA com redução nos grupos D20 e D40. Para perfil de AGCC, a odontoplastia aumentou o ácido propiônico do grupo D40 em relação ao controle e redução do Ácido Lático nas fezes do grupo D40 em relação ao controle. Os animais do grupo D40 tiveram redução do peso (P&lt;0,05). A odontoplastia não interferiu nos demais parâmetros avaliados. Pode-se concluir que após odontoplastia houve alteração na ingestão voluntária de volumoso, o que promove alteração na relação concentrado/volumoso da dieta dos equinos, interferindo no ambiente fermentativo e metabólico pós prandial. / Changes in feed for horses led to change also the natural tooth wear, making it cluttered and even inefficient, contributing broadly to digestive disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the implications of dental treatment on the digestive and metabolic parameters of horses. Eight horses, Arabian race, castrated male, mean age 80 &#177; 7 months and average weight of 460 &#177; 28 kg never undergoing dental treatment were used. The animals were housed in individual stals, fed a diet consisting of 2% of body weight (BW) in MS/day, divided into 0.75% of pelletized concentrate formulated for equine maintenance and 1.25% grass hay ( Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton 85). The treatments were divided into control group (D0; animals without any dental treatment), D20 group (animals evaluated twenty days after dental treatment) and D40 group (animals evaluated forty days after the dental treatment). The animals went through a period of adjustment to the 15-day diet and five days of total collection. The floating teeth consisted of sedation and, as a result, reduction of excessive enamel points and occlusion adjustment, seeking to improve the range of masticatory movements. The variables evaluated were: apparent digestibility coefficient (CD) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and ether-extract (EE); area under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, ingestive behavior, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins concentration, fecal pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid in the stool. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures time, and data were submitted to analysis of variance considering a 5% significance. There were differences in apparent digestibility (P&lt;0.05) with reduction in the ADF in D20 and D40 groups. For SCFA profile, floating teeth increased propionic acid D40 group compared to the control and reduction of lactic acid in the feces of the D40 group compared to the control. The animals of group D40 had weight reduction (P&lt;0.05). The odontoplastia did not interfere in the remaining parameters. It can be concluded that after floating teeth there were changes in voluntary intake of roughage, which promotes change in concentrate/roughage diet of horses, interfering in the fermentation environment and postprandial metabolic.

Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do tipo de lesão cariosa artificial em esmalte produzido por quatros protocolos in vitro em relação ao potencial remineralizante in situ, utilizando como variáveis de resposta a microdureza superficial (SH) e longitudinal (CSH) e a microradiografia transversal (TMR). Para tal, 288 espécimes de esmalte bovino polidos (4x4mm) foram divididos de acordo com os valores de SH inicial em 4 tipos de protocolos desmineralizantes: Gel MC (gel de metilcelulose a 8%, ácido lático 0,1 M, pH 4,6, 14 dias); Gel PA (ácido poliacrílico 20g/L, ácido lático 0,1 M com hidroxiapatita a 500 mg/L, pH 4,8, 16h); Solução MHDP (ácido lático 50 mM, cálcio, fosfato e tetraetil metilenodifosfanato, pH 5,0, 6 dias) e Solução Tampão (ácido acético 50 mM, cálcio, fosfato e fluoreto, pH 5,0, 16h). Os espécimes desmineralizados foram tratados com agentes remineralizantes em um modelo in situ cruzado e duplo cego, com a participação de 12 voluntários que utilizaram aparelhos palatinos contendo 2 amostras de cada tipo de lesão de esmalte em cada fase, durante 3 fases experimentais com duração de 3 dias cada. Na fase da saliva humana, os voluntários realizaram o tratamento dos espécimes com dentifrício placebo (sem fluoreto, solução 1:3) ex vivo, 2x1min/dia. Na fase dentifrício fluoretado, o mesmo procedimento foi repetido em relação ao tratamento dos espécimes, porém utilizando o Dentifrício Crest (1.100 ppm F). Na fase verniz fluoretado, os mesmos procedimentos da fase dentifrício fluoretado foram repetidos, porém os espécimes foram tratados com verniz Duraphat (22.600 ppm F, 6h in vitro) anteriormente à fase in situ. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (ANOVA ou similar não paramétrico e ANOVA a 2 critérios, p<0,05). Os diferentes protocolos desmineralizantes produziram lesões cariosas com perfis diferentes (resultados similares entre SH, CSH e TMR. Grau de desmineralização: Solução MHDP > Gel MC > solução Tampão = Gel PA) sendo nítida a diferença no grau de remineralização entre as diferentes lesões cariosas artificiais (resultados incoerentes entre SH, CSH e TMR). Na análise de SH, o Gel PA foi capaz de mostrar diferenças significativas entre os 3 protocolos remineralizantes, enquanto o Gel MC e Solução Tampão mostraram diferenças significativas entre as fases com fluoreto e controle. Para a solução MHDP não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos remineralizantes. Em relação à CSH, o padrão de remineralização foi inversamente relacionado ao grau de desmineralização inicial. Na análise da porcentagem de recuperação de CSH, apenas o gel PA foi capaz de mostrar diferenças significativas entre as fases com fluoreto e controle até os 30 &#x3BC;m de profundidade. Na análise pela TMR (parâmetro &#x394;&#x394;Z), houve diferença significativa entre as lesões cariosas artificiais em relação à remineralização (Solução Tampão < Solução MHDP = gel PA < Gel MC), com exceção da fase verniz fluoretado. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos remineralizantes pela TMR, mostrando uma modesta remineralização, independentemente do tratamento. Pode-se concluir que o tipo de lesão cariosa artificial tem influência sobre o grau de remineralização do esmalte e isto deve ser considerado no delineamento experimental. / This study evaluated the effect of type of artificial enamel carious lesion produced by four in vitro protocols in respect to the remineralizing potential in situ, using as response variables: surface microhardness (SH), cross-sectional microhardness (CSH) and transverse microradiography (TMR). Thus, 288 polished enamel specimens (4x4mm) were divided according to the baseline SH values in 4 demineralizing protocols: MC gel (8% methylcellulose gel, 0.1 M lactic acid, pH 4.6, 14 days); PA gel (20g/L polyacrylic acid, 0.1 M lactic acid with 500 mg/L hydroxyapatite, pH 4.8, 16h); MHDP solution (50 mM lactic acid, calcium, phosphate and tetraethyl methylene diphosphanate, pH 5.0, 6 days) and Buffer Solution (50 mM acetic acid, calcium, phosphate and fluoride, pH 5.0, 16h). The demineralized specimens were treated with the remineralizing agents in an in situ model, with crossover and double-blind design. Twelve volunteers wore intra-oral appliances containing two specimens of each type of enamel lesion in each phase, during 3 experimental phases with duration of 3 days each. In the phase \"human saliva\", the volunteers performed the treatment of specimens with placebo toothpaste (no fluoride, solution 1:3) ex vivo, 2x1min/day. In phase \"fluoride toothpaste\", the same procedure was repeated, but using the toothpaste Crest (1100 ppm F). In the phase \"fluoride varnish\", the same procedures of the phase \"fluoride toothpaste\" were repeated, but the specimens were treated with Duraphat varnish (22600 ppm F, 6h in vitro) prior to the in situ phase. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA or similar nonparametric test and 2-way ANOVA, p<0.05). The different demineralizing protocols produced artificial carious lesions with different profiles (similar results among SH, CSH and TMR. Degree of demineralization: MHDP solution> MC Gel > Buffer solution = PA Gel). There was a clear difference in the degree of remineralization between the different artificial carious lesions (contradictories results among SH, CSH and TMR). In SH analysis, PA Gel was able to show significant differences among the 3 remineralizing protocols, while MC Gel and Buffer Solution showed significant differences between the fluoride phases and control. MHDP solution did not show any significant difference among the remineralizing treatments. In respect to the CSH, remineralization was inversely related to the degree of initial demineralization. In the analysis of the percentage of CSH recovery, only PA gel was able to show significant differences between the fluoride and control phases up to 30 &#x3BC;m depth. For TMR (&#x394;&#x394;Z parameter), there was significant difference between the artificial carious lesions in respect to the remineralization (buffer solution < MHDP Solution = PA gel < MC Gel), except during fluoride varnish phase. No significant differences were found among the remineralizing treatments by TMR, showing a modest remineralization, regardless of the treatment. It can be concluded that the type of artificial carious lesion has influence on the degree of enamel remineralization and this should be considered in experimental design.

ABSTRACT The sedimentary deposits of the Hadar Formation at Dikika and the Mount Galili Formation at Galili preserve a wealth of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic records spanning the last 5.29 Ma. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of herbivore tooth enamel were analyzed for more than 600 specimens of 15 different taxa from 10 stratigraphic intervals. The application of carbon and oxygen isotopes here aims principally at reconstructing shifts in the relative abundance of C4 grasses, and its implications for climate indicators including temperature, aridity, and seasonality. The full range of δ13Cenamel values throughout the Plio-Pleistocene signifies a wide range of foraging strategies by the fauna, which in turn reflects the mosaic of vegetation at Dikika and Galili. Estimates of ecosystem carbon isotope composition (δ13Cecosystem , which is given by average δ13Cenamel of each large vertebrate taxon weighted by the respective faunal abundance and the estimated daily biomass consumption) is used to asses shifts in the ecosystem-scale proportion of C3 and C4 vegetation. In the Plio-Pleistocene, the general paleoenvironmental conditions varied from wooded grassland to grasslands with the total amount of C4 grass cover on the landscape varying between 35% and 91%. Likewise, the paleohabitat reconstructions indicate the presence of grassland, wooded grassland, woodland habitats throughout the Pliocene and in Middle Pleistocene but the relative proportion of the habitats has changed substantially with time. Although this result agrees with the general trend towards more open grassland since the Late Miocene, a rebound of closed habitats and C3 resources from closed canopy woodlands or forests is evident in the middle Pliocene between 3.42 Ma and 3.24 Ma. These changes in the proportion of habitats could have affected the distribution and availability of preferred food resources and has an implication on the interaction of the animals on the paleolandscape and competition for resources. 18Oenamel values also show a wide range of variation within each stratigraphic member and through time. Temporal variation of δ13Cenamel values within a given taxon, as well as differences among sympatric taxa, document different aspects of the environment and climate, including changes in drinking water source, seasonality, and periods of strong evaporation. Estimated δ13Cmeteoric water based on the most 18O-depleted hippo tooth enamel, displays values of -1.94 / (VSMOW) and -5.24 / (VSMOW) in the Middle Pleistocene of Asbole and middle Pliocene of Galili, respectively. A major shift in the isotopic composition of water at ~ 3.0 Ma was accompanied by a 6.0 / increase from middle Pliocene to the present. While a +3.8 / shift from early to middle Pliocene was documented. The isotopic composition of meteoric water between 4.6 Ma and 4.38 Ma was most 18O-enriched compared to the rest of the Pliocene estimates. Likewise, an increase in the estimated δ13Cmeteoric water values was documented in the Awash Valley and elsewhere in East Africa, which indicate a regional climate change since the early Pliocene. An increase in the aridity, which is expressed as mean annual water deficit (i.e., the difference between potential evapotranspiration and mean annual precipitation) is also evident since the early Pliocene. These changes during the Pliocene in the region may in part be attributed to a regional decrease in the amount of precipitation and changes in the moisture source superimposed on global climate changes.

Following the argument of cultural change between the Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods in Britain, the purpose of this thesis is to find evidence of change in human diet and animal husbandry in the Upper Thames Valley across this boundary. Research questions are set to find differences in human diet, animal diet, and birth seasonality of herbivores at Horcott, a site showing human activity in both periods. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements on collagen from humans and livestock animals and enamel carbonate extracted from herbivores were analysed. Results showed changes in the diets of cattle, sheep/goats, pigs, and human, and birth seasonality of cattle and sheep/goats. These changes were argued to have been caused by differences in the intensity of fertilising crop fields, the amount of animal protein fed to adult pigs, the amount of non-local food in human diet, and the significance and purpose of livestock rearing and the preference of dairy products. The outcome of this thesis enhances the understanding of: a) the strategy and the amount of human effort put into crop cultivation and livestock management; b) the availability and preference of food for humans depending on the period; and c) the site-dependent differences in the extent of change in the course of transition between the Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods. This thesis demonstrates the importance of animal data in order to discuss human diet, and the advantage of modelling enamel carbonate sequential data when analysing worn and shortened teeth.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:51:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 daniel_cp_me_arafo.pdf: 928206 bytes, checksum: 591da8085d6b598e522141b55ce7e48c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações de microdureza, rugosidade e morfologia superficial do esmalte e da resina composta após diferentes técnicas de clareamento dental. Para isto, incisivos bovinos foram selecionados, sendo confeccionadas cavidades padronizadas na face vestibular, as quais foram restauradas com resina composta. Os dentes foram distribuídos em grupos (n=6), de acordo com o tratamento proposto: G1- clareamento com gel de peróxido de carbamida (PC) 10%; G2 - clareamento com gel contendo 38% peróxido de hidrogênio (PH); G3- clareamento com gel contendo 38% de PH associado à irradiação com luz. Para G1, o agente clareador foi aplicado por 8 horas diárias durante 21 dias. Para G2 e G3, foram realizadas 3 sessões, compostas por 3 aplicações do gel clareador por 15 minutos, com intervalos de 7 dias entre as sessões, sendo que em G3 foi aplicada luz LED (470nm) por 6 minutos. Durante o intervalo das aplicações do gel clareador, todos os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial. A microdureza Knoop do esmalte e da resina composta foi avaliada antes do procedimento clareador e nos períodos de 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-clareamento. A rugosidade superficial foi analisada por meio de um rugosímetro e a morfologia superficial por um microscópio de força atômica. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Observou-se diminuição significante na dureza do esmalte para G2 e G3 após a 2ª e 3ª sessões, respectivamente, em relação à dureza inicial (p<0,05). Para a resina composta, esta alteração foi observada em G1 apenas após 21 dias, e em G2 e G3 após a 3ª sessão (p<0,05). Alterações significantes na rugosidade e morfologia superficial foram observadas apenas para o esmalte do grupo G1 (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o gel com 10% de PC... / The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in microhardness, roughness and surface morphology of enamel and composite resin after different techniques of tooth bleaching. Standardized cavities prepared on the buccal surface of bovine incisors were restored with composite resin. The teeth were divided into groups (n=6) according to the following treatments: G1 - bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel; G2 - bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel; G3 - bleaching with 38% PH gel associated to light irradiation. In G1, the whitening agent was applied for 8 hours daily during 21 days. In G2 and G3, three sessions characterized by three applications of bleaching gel for 15 minutes, with intervals of 7 days between sessions were performed. In G3, the bleaching gel was irradiated with LED (470nm) for 6 minutes. During the intervals among applications of the bleaching gel on enamel, all specimens were stored in artificial saliva. The Knoop microhardness of enamel and composite resin was evaluated before the bleaching procedure and at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after this treatment. The roughness and superficial morphology (atomic force microscope) were evaluated before and at 21 days after the bleaching procedure. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests. It was observed a significant decrease in hardness of enamel to G2 and G3 after the 2nd and 3rd bleaching sessions, respectively, when compared to the initial enamel hardness (p <0.05). For composites, this change was only observed in G1 after 21-day treatment, and in G2 and G3 after the third bleaching session (p <0.05). Significant changes in roughness and surface morphology of enamel was observed only in G1 (p <0.05). According to the experimental conditions, it was possible to conclude that the bleaching gel with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa / Banca: Flávia Magnani Bevilacqua / Banca: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações de microdureza, rugosidade e morfologia superficial do esmalte e da resina composta após diferentes técnicas de clareamento dental. Para isto, incisivos bovinos foram selecionados, sendo confeccionadas cavidades padronizadas na face vestibular, as quais foram restauradas com resina composta. Os dentes foram distribuídos em grupos (n=6), de acordo com o tratamento proposto: G1- clareamento com gel de peróxido de carbamida (PC) 10%; G2 - clareamento com gel contendo 38% peróxido de hidrogênio (PH); G3- clareamento com gel contendo 38% de PH associado à irradiação com luz. Para G1, o agente clareador foi aplicado por 8 horas diárias durante 21 dias. Para G2 e G3, foram realizadas 3 sessões, compostas por 3 aplicações do gel clareador por 15 minutos, com intervalos de 7 dias entre as sessões, sendo que em G3 foi aplicada luz LED (470nm) por 6 minutos. Durante o intervalo das aplicações do gel clareador, todos os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial. A microdureza Knoop do esmalte e da resina composta foi avaliada antes do procedimento clareador e nos períodos de 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-clareamento. A rugosidade superficial foi analisada por meio de um rugosímetro e a morfologia superficial por um microscópio de força atômica. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Observou-se diminuição significante na dureza do esmalte para G2 e G3 após a 2ª e 3ª sessões, respectivamente, em relação à dureza inicial (p<0,05). Para a resina composta, esta alteração foi observada em G1 apenas após 21 dias, e em G2 e G3 após a 3ª sessão (p<0,05). Alterações significantes na rugosidade e morfologia superficial foram observadas apenas para o esmalte do grupo G1 (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o gel com 10% de PC... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in microhardness, roughness and surface morphology of enamel and composite resin after different techniques of tooth bleaching. Standardized cavities prepared on the buccal surface of bovine incisors were restored with composite resin. The teeth were divided into groups (n=6) according to the following treatments: G1 - bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel; G2 - bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel; G3 - bleaching with 38% PH gel associated to light irradiation. In G1, the whitening agent was applied for 8 hours daily during 21 days. In G2 and G3, three sessions characterized by three applications of bleaching gel for 15 minutes, with intervals of 7 days between sessions were performed. In G3, the bleaching gel was irradiated with LED (470nm) for 6 minutes. During the intervals among applications of the bleaching gel on enamel, all specimens were stored in artificial saliva. The Knoop microhardness of enamel and composite resin was evaluated before the bleaching procedure and at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after this treatment. The roughness and superficial morphology (atomic force microscope) were evaluated before and at 21 days after the bleaching procedure. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests. It was observed a significant decrease in hardness of enamel to G2 and G3 after the 2nd and 3rd bleaching sessions, respectively, when compared to the initial enamel hardness (p <0.05). For composites, this change was only observed in G1 after 21-day treatment, and in G2 and G3 after the third bleaching session (p <0.05). Significant changes in roughness and surface morphology of enamel was observed only in G1 (p <0.05). According to the experimental conditions, it was possible to conclude that the bleaching gel with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre