The thought of building on this land is frightening to me. Construction is necessarily accompanied by a relative level of destruction, and I always have to question whether the positive outweighs the negative. It is rare that the act of building is approached with the level of gravity it deserves, considering the significance of what is taking place. It is the replacement and/or displacement of "what is" with what we think "should be". And what "should be"? Luigi Snozzi tells us to "Destroy with sensibility." So the question becomes, what is sensible, and conversely (and maybe more importantly), what is insensible. Architecture has the role of establishing the relationship that will exist between inhabitants and inhabited before the former even arrive. In a building that is designed with careful consideration of its surroundings, the inhabitants are themselves likely to extend a more careful consideration toward their environment. It is a fortunate relationship for both, as the inhabited is treated to at least a greater level of regard if not reverence, while the inhabitants benefit from the richness of experience that comes with a positive connection to place. In buildings where this role is neglected, the unfortunate relationship established by default is one of dominion with disregard. / Master of Architecture

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1987. / Typescript. "These papers describe faulting and folding observed on the seafloor using SeaMARC II side-scan sonar, seismic reflection, and 3.5 kHz data"--P. 1. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-170).

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Feuilleton articles published during the Weimar period in major Berlin newspapers captured the dynamics of the era. The contrast between pre-revolutionary Wilhelmine Berlin and the industrial modernity that characterised the Weimar capital was particularly influential for journalistic writing. Feuilleton items – short, subjective accounts falling between literary narrative and journalism – offered a sense of re-orientation in altered times by commenting on aspects of daily social and political life in the city. As such, feuilletons are inseparable from Berlin and the events unfolding there during the 1920s and early 1930s. Drawing on the spatial turn in recent cultural studies, this thesis explores how individual feuilleton writers construct Weimar Berlin on the page. Its specific interest is in examining representations of space in the articles of authors and journalists Joseph Roth (1894–1939), Gabriele Tergit (1894–1982) and Kurt Tucholsky (1890–1935). They contributed to the flourishing feuilleton scene in the metropolitan broadsheets and journals, and their works remain significant beyond Berlin and the era of the Weimar Republic. Central to my thesis is the interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the study of their journalistic oeuvres, which foregrounds spatiality within the context of literary analysis. In particular, I illustrate how the authors’ perceptions of the post-war world are articulated through the use of spatial categories. Here, Berlin is shown to be subject to individual acts of mapping as Roth, Tergit and Tucholsky explore the issues of the day via the depiction of specific types of space in the city. Space as an analytical category is a novel, as yet unexplored, means of reading feuilleton articles, and it allows us to identify recurring themes or programmatic issues pursued by writers. Spatial theory, I argue, enhances our understanding of how contemporaries perceived the city and therefore their times. This in turn provides us with new, valuable knowledge of Berlin and the Weimar period.

From a geomorphological point of view, and environments are characterised by complex process interactions and suites of landforms which can be sensitive to their controlling parameters. Relationships between sediment, moisture and soil crust characteristics are no exception. Field research and a programme of laboratory study were undertaken between 1993 and 1995 on the soils of the northern Badia of Jordan to advance knowledge on aspects of and zone soil dynamics, with a particular emphasis on crusting. The research focuses primarily on the effect soil crusts have upon the equilibrium of sediment dynamics at a hillslope scale and a ridge-furrow scale. The implications of the crust upon moisture storage within the surface layers of the soil are examined and the spatial characteristics which arise due to management practices and climate variables considered. A new, non-destructive dielectric technique to investigate moisture content in dryland soils has been developed and tested. Monitoring has taken place to examine the effects of irrigation upon the surface characteristics of the surrounding soil, with special reference to evaporation fluxes within a furrow and the associated precipitation of salts. The role of small-scale topography tends to be underestimated. Different types of crust have been studied from various topographic locations. Soil fabric and porosity have been studied, to increase understanding of micro-scale depositional and erosional processes. A new method of tracing' fine material through the upper soil profile has been developed. As crusts form, the tracer can be used to monitor the movement of fines, permitting a much clearer understanding of soil and water dynamics as a result of rainfall events.

While the bulk of topography on Earth is generated and maintained by variations in the thickness and density of crust and lithosphere, a significant time-variable contribution is expected as a result of convective flow in the underlying mantle. For over three decades, this dynamic topography has been calculated numerically from inferred density structure and radial viscosity profiles. Resulting models predict ±2 km of long wavelength (i.e., ~ 20,000 km) dynamic topography with minor contributions at wavelengths shorter than ~ 5,000 km. Recently, observational studies have revealed that, at the longest wavelengths, dynamic topography variation is ~ 30% that predicted, with ±1 km amplitudes recovered at shorter wavelengths. Here, the existing database of water-loaded basement depths is streamlined, revised and augmented. By fitting increasingly sophisticated thermal models to a combined database of these oceanic basement depths and corrected heat flow measurements, the average thermal structure of oceanic lithosphere is constrained. Significantly, optimal models are consistent with invariable geochemical and seismological constraints whilst yielding similar values of mantle potential temperature and plate thickness, irrespective of whether heat flow, subsidence or both are fit. After recalculating residual depth anomalies relative to optimal age-depth subsidence and combining them with continental constraints from gravity anomalies, a global spherical harmonic representation is generated. Although, long wavelength dynamic topography increases by ~ 40% in the revised observation-based model, spectral analysis confirms that a fundamental discrepancy between observations and predictions remains. Significantly, residual depth anomalies reveal a ~4,000 km-scale eastward tilt across the Indian Peninsula. This asymmetry extends onshore from the high-elevation Western Ghats in the west to the Krishna-Godavari floodplains in the east. Calibrated inverse modelling of drainage networks suggest that the tilt of the peninsula grew principally in Neogene times with vertical motions linked to asthenospheric temperature anomalies. Uplift rates of up to 0.1 mm a⁻¹ place important constraints on the spatio-temporal evolution of dynamic topography and suggest that rates of transient vertical motion exceed those predicted by many modelling studies. Most numerical models excise the upper ~ 300 km of Earth's mantle and are unable to reconstruct the wavelength and rate of uplift observed across Peninsular India. By contrast, through conversion of upper mantle shear wave velocities to density using a calibrated anelastic parameterisation, it is shown that shorter wavelength (i.e., ≤ 5,000 km) dynamic topography, can mostly be explained by ±150°C asthenospheric temperature anomalies. Inclusion of anelastically corrected density structure in whole-mantle instantaneous flow models also serves to reduce discrepancy between predictions and observations of dynamic topography at long wavelengths. Residual mismatch between observations and predictions is further improved if the basal 300-600 km of large low shear wave velocity regions in the deep mantle are geochemically distinct and negatively buoyant. Finally, inverse modelling of geoid, dynamic topography, gravity and core-mantle boundary topography observations using adapted density structure suggests that geodynamic constraints can be acceptably fit using plausible radial viscosity profiles, contradicting a long-standing assertion that modest long wavelength dynamic topography is incompatible with geoid observations.

[Abstract]: Mapping agencies, national and regional, are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain the currency of their suite of map related products and services. These products include topographic maps and the provision of up to date topographic data. The maintenance of this socially important spatial information is at issue through the duplication of effort that presently exists within government agencies at all levels. A dedicated data sharing and topographic maintenance program has the potential to solve all of these issues. The "NOW Map" gives the "map hungry" public the ability to obtain spatially located data and products in time frames and formats of their choosing. This system is capable of delivering consistent, dynamic and contemporary geospatial information. It will be flexible, in response to a modern ever-changing society, and capable of providing up to date topographic maps and data that not only meets current standards, but also continually exceeds them. After the development of initial procedures, a pilot study was conducted to expand and further refine data collection and analysis procedures. This was followed by a final data-gathering research phase. The research used relevant local, interstate and international examples in all areas of the study. The outcomes of the pilot study and analysis of the second research segment demonstrated that maps can be maintained more efficiently through the utilisation of accurate up to date information. These topographically significant updates can be provided incrementally by organisations that maintain data as part of their own core business.

A proposed modeling technique that yields a best fit to observed wide-angle reflection profiles incorporates (1) the use of migrated vertical reflection profiles to provide topographic control, (2) ray tracing to produce theoretical wide-angle reflection profiles for hypothetical crustal sections, and (3) the iterative adjustment of crustal layer dip, thickness and velocity. The technique, applied to four successive wide angle reflection profiles located due west of Callao, Peru, and extending from 50 km west of to 80 km east of the axis of the Peru-Chile trench, suggests (1) that a 5 km thick oceanic crust thickens to 7 km at the trench axis, (2) that the oceanic plate underthrusts the continental plate, and (3) the existence of a previously undetected 7.8 km per sec oceanic layer. Migrated vertical reflection profiles show (1) a series of block faults across 20 km of the trench edge of the continental plate and (2) oceanic basement underthrusting 6 km of the trench edge of the continental plate. / Graduation date: 1974