Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de controle com o objetivo de atenuar as ondulações do torque eletromagnético considerando os harmônicos de quinta, sétima, décima primeira e décima terceira ordem da tensão do estator do Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado (GIDA). Dessa maneira, propõe-se a utilização de controladores proporcional-integrativo vetoriais juntamente com um sistema de identificação dos componentes harmônicos da corrente do estator empregando a transformada discreta de Fourier. O trabalho aborda a influência dos harmônicos de quinta, sétima, décima primeira e décima terceira ordem da tensão do estator nos harmônicos da corrente do estator, nas ondulações do torque eletromagnético e nas potências ativa e reativa do estator. Resultados de simulação avaliam o controlador proposto em condições adversas: variações paramétricas e da frequência da rede, além da influência de atrasos na corrente do estator. Finalmente, resultados experimentais validam o sistema proposto. / This work presents a vector controller with the objective of reducing the electromagnetic torque and the active and reactive powers of the stator by means of control of the harmonics of the stator current in harmonic conditions of fifth, seventh, eleventh and thirteenth order of the stator voltage. The objective of the work is to propose a controller that uses two techniques already consolidated in the literature, proportional-integrative and discrete Fourier transform, besides being robust the main disadvantages of the existing harmonic controllers in the literature that are dependencies of the parameters of the machine and the Frequency of the network beyond the influence of the stator current delays on the harmonic controller. First, the influence of the fifth, seventh, eleventh, eleventh and thirteenth order harmonics of the stator voltage on the harmonics of the stator current and on the undulations of the electromagnetic torque and the active and reactive powers of the stator are studied. Next, simulation results evaluate the proposed controller under adverse conditions: parametric variations and the frequency of the network, besides the influence of stator current delays. Finally, experimental results validate the controller under conditions that the controller reference is nonzero.

Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de controle com o objetivo de atenuar as ondulações do torque eletromagnético considerando os harmônicos de quinta, sétima, décima primeira e décima terceira ordem da tensão do estator do Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado (GIDA). Dessa maneira, propõe-se a utilização de controladores proporcional-integrativo vetoriais juntamente com um sistema de identificação dos componentes harmônicos da corrente do estator empregando a transformada discreta de Fourier. O trabalho aborda a influência dos harmônicos de quinta, sétima, décima primeira e décima terceira ordem da tensão do estator nos harmônicos da corrente do estator, nas ondulações do torque eletromagnético e nas potências ativa e reativa do estator. Resultados de simulação avaliam o controlador proposto em condições adversas: variações paramétricas e da frequência da rede, além da influência de atrasos na corrente do estator. Finalmente, resultados experimentais validam o sistema proposto. / This work presents a vector controller with the objective of reducing the electromagnetic torque and the active and reactive powers of the stator by means of control of the harmonics of the stator current in harmonic conditions of fifth, seventh, eleventh and thirteenth order of the stator voltage. The objective of the work is to propose a controller that uses two techniques already consolidated in the literature, proportional-integrative and discrete Fourier transform, besides being robust the main disadvantages of the existing harmonic controllers in the literature that are dependencies of the parameters of the machine and the Frequency of the network beyond the influence of the stator current delays on the harmonic controller. First, the influence of the fifth, seventh, eleventh, eleventh and thirteenth order harmonics of the stator voltage on the harmonics of the stator current and on the undulations of the electromagnetic torque and the active and reactive powers of the stator are studied. Next, simulation results evaluate the proposed controller under adverse conditions: parametric variations and the frequency of the network, besides the influence of stator current delays. Finally, experimental results validate the controller under conditions that the controller reference is nonzero.

La commande intermittente a pour but principal d'augmenter le rendement de l'ensemble machine-convertisseur par une réduction des pertes. Dans le but de maintenir le couple moyen de la machine requis par la charge, cette commande augmente le couple de référence et éteint quelques phases pendant chaque période électrique ou chaque période mécanique. Par ce fait, elle réduit les pertes du convertisseur et les pertes ferromagnétiques de la machine. Elle dispose également d'une liberté de sélection des phases activées qui influence des fréquences générées du courant, de la force radiale et du couple. Par conséquent, cette stratégie de la commande intermittente, qui est appelée le glissement, peut éviter l'excitation de fréquences naturelles du stator, ou bien celles de la chaine cinématique. Elle a pour but de réduire les effets négatifs de la commande intermittente vis-à-vis de comportements vibratoire du stator et pulsatoire de la chaine cinématique qui sont respectivement à l'origine du bruit acoustique et des à-coups mécaniques. En fin, la commande intermittente est validée sur des cycles de conduite et peut économiser jusqu’à 5,17 % de l’énergie électrique consommée. / The intermittent control aims to increase the efficiency of the machine-converter system by reducing the losses. In the purpose to maintain the average torque of the machine required by the load, this control increases the reference torque and turns off some phases during each electrical period or each mechanical period. By this fact, it reduces the converter losses and the ferromagnetic losses of the machine. It also has a freedom in the selection of the activated phases which influences the generated frequencies of the current, the radial force and the torque. Therefore, this strategy of the intermittent control, which is called sliding strategy, can avoid the excitation of the natural frequencies of the stator, or those of the drivetrain. It aims to reduce the negative effects of the intermittent control vis-à-vis the vibration of the stator and the pulsation of the drivetrain which are respectively at the origins of acoustic noise and mechanical jerks. Finally, the intermittent control is validated on driving cycles and can save up to 5.17 % of the consumed electrical energy.

Le mémoire traite de la machine à réluctance variable en proposant d'une manière simultanée et du point de vue conception des solutions à ses deux inconvénients majeurs à savoir les ondulations de couple et les efforts radiaux. Les premières se propagent le long de la chaine de transmission diminuant ainsi le confort des usagers et les deuxièmes sont à l’origine d’une nuisance sonore. Dans une première partie et en s’intéressant à une structure axiale caractérisée par une faible force radiale, un bilan sur cette structure est donc établi. En effet, une configuration à deux stators et un rotor est la plus adéquate pour éventuellement remplacer la machine radiale de référence. Cette structure axiale est comparée à cette machine de référence après avoir établi des règles de passage d’une structure à une autre. Un premier passage est effectué en gardant le même encombrement et un deuxième passage en dimensionnant la machine axiale pour satisfaire le même cahier des charges que la machine radiale. Dans une deuxième partie, le travail s’oriente vers la modification de la structure radiale de la machine de référence et son optimisation. Plusieurs modifications sont proposées dont une structure avec une cale magnétique qui est la plus performante. Des optimisations géométriques à l’aide de l’algorithme génétique sur un point de fonctionnement sont ensuite effectuées pour remédier aux deux problèmes. A la fin, un récapitulatif de plusieurs structures optimisées est proposé pour servir de référence. Le choix de la machine la plus adéquate pourra donc être effectué en faisant un compromis entre la maximisation du couple, la réduction de ses ondulations et la réduction des efforts radiaux. / This report deals with switched reluctance motor by offering design solutions to the drawbacks of torque ripples and radial forces in the same time. Torque ripples reduce the user comfort and radial forces are the origin of noise. In the first part, an axial structure characterized by low radial force is analysed. Indeed, an axial configuration with two stators and one rotor is the most appropriate to replace the reference radial machine. Ones the rules of passage from one structure to another are established, the axial structure is then compared to the reference one. A first passage is made by keeping the same volume and a second one by sizing the axial machine with the same specifications as the radial one. In the second part, the work concerns the modification of radial structure of the reference machine and its optimization. Several modifications are proposed including a structure with a magnetic wedge which is the most efficient. Geometric optimization using genetic algorithm are then performed on operating points to remedy the both problems. In the end, several optimized structures are proposed. The choice of the most suitable machine can be done by making a compromise between the torque maximization, reducing its ripples and reducing radial forces.