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The Use of Radiographs, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Quantitative Computed Tomography and Micro-computed Tomography to Determine Local Cancellous Bone Quality in the Canine Proximal FemurTownsend, Katy Louise 20 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Mechanická analýza vlivu výrobních odchylek na styk hlavice a jamky totální endoprotézy kyčelního kloubu / Mechanical Analysis of the Influence of Fabrication Tolerances on Contact Conditions between the Acetabular Cup and the Femoral Head in Total Hip ReplacementKoukal, Milan January 2010 (has links)
In endoprosthesis surgery there are typically a high percentage of implant defects, these can lead to failure of the whole prosthesis. One type of total hip replacement function loss is acetabular cup loosening from the pelvic bone. This disertation examines manufacture perturbations as one of the possible reasons for this kind of failure. Both dimension and geometry manufacturing perturbations of ceramic head and polyethylen cup were analyzed. We find that perturbations in the variables analysed here affect considered values of contact pressure and frictional moment. Furthermore, contact pressure and frictional moment are quantities affecting replacement success and durability. From obtained results it can be recommended to fit head and cup with a clearance of between 0 mm and 0.05 mm. It can not be recommend using interference type of fit because of strong deterioration of the contact conditions. Roundness perturbation of ceramic head should not exceed 0.025 mm.
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Analýza lokomoce po implantaci totální náhrady kyčelního kloubu / Human locomotion after total hip replacementHoráková, Alena January 2016 (has links)
Title: Human locomotion after total hip replacement Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to perform a gait analysis of patients after total hip replacement and to find out, how chosen temporo-spatial, kinetic and kinematic parameters change during the first half a year after the surgery. The deviations found in gait stereotypes of individual patients are further compared with results of international studies. Methods: The thesis is theoretical-empirical, with small number of patients. 3D kinematic gait analysis was performed by Qualisys system and ground reaction forces by two Kistler force plates. The following parameters are being monitored: length of step, stance phase duration, cadence, walking speed, lateral shift of the pelvis and trunk in standing phase, contralateral pelvic drop in standing phase of the leg, maximum range of motion of the hip joint in sagital plain, maximum of vertical and medio-lateral component of the ground reaction forces in the standing phase. Results: The highest side deviations between legs were found in 3 months after the surgery and remained until 6,5 months after the surgery. In this time period a lower value of the length of step, stance phase duration, maximum range of motion of the hip joint in sagital plain and also a higher lateral shift of the pelvis was...
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Early Mortality After Total Hip Arthroplasty In SwedenGarland, Anne January 2017 (has links)
Every year 16 000 individuals receive a total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Sweden. Even though THA is a common procedure, adverse events do occur. The most dramatic complication is death in the postoperative phase. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and investigate early mortality after THA in Sweden. Sweden has an ideal platform for national observational registry studies, thanks to the use of personal identity numbers. Operation-specific information was collected from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, medical information from the National Board of Health and Welfare, and socioeconomic information was collected from Statistics Sweden. Main outcome was 90-day mortality. Study I was a prospective observational register study investigating the risk of mortality after a simultaneous bilateral THA compared with staged bilateral THA. There was no clinically relevant difference in early postoperative mortality between the two groups. Studies II and III were nation-wide matched cohort studies, with adjustment for comorbidity and socioeconomic background. Adjusted early mortality in femoral neck fracture patients receiving a THA is about double compared with a matched control population. Young (60-69 years) femoral neck fracture patients receiving a THA have a low absolute mortality risk, while those who are older than 80 years with a higher degree of medical comorbidity run a high risk of early death (II). In study III healthier, younger patients with higher socioeconomic status tended to be selected for cementless THA, resulting in selection bias. Even after accounting for this bias, however, there remains a small absolute and adjusted increase in the risk of death within 14 days after elective THA surgery using fully cemented implants. Study IV was a nationwide prospective cohort study comparing different comorbidity measures in terms of predicting early postoperative mortality after THA. A less data-demanding comorbidity measure is better at predicting 90-day mortality than more commonly used coding algorithms. In conclusion, socioeconomic background and the presence of comorbidities have an important influence on early mortality after THA, while the type of fixation is of less importance. Future mortality studies could benefit from the use of data that are routinely collected, and thus avoid the logistically complicated procedure now necessary to merge national databases.
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A New Look at the Cross-sectional Relationship of Self-reported Pain, Function and Walking Performance with Radiographic Wear and other Early Indicators of Total Hip Replacement Failure in Patients with OsteoarthritisCharlesworth, Jennifer Michelle 16 December 2010 (has links)
Background: Total hip replacement (THR) with post-operative surveillance is recommended for debilitating osteoarthritis (OA). Using self-reported pain, function or walking performance is one alternative to address increasing surveillance demands.
Objective: A cross-sectional cohort study to evaluate the associations of pain, function and performance with two radiographic markers of potential THR failure.
Participants: 110 patients, median 6 years after THR surgery for OA.
Methods: Questionnaires assessed demographics, co-morbidity, arthritis severity, pain, pain
catastrophizing, and functional status. Performance was measured using the six minute walk test.
THR outcome was assessed radiographically.
Results: Few patients had pain, functional impairment or radiographic markers of potential THR failure. A larger percentage of patients with some intermittent pain (10.7 versus 8.6%) and pain iii after walking performance (40.0 versus 27.6%) had higher wear, but these differences were not
significant.
Conclusion: Measures of pain are potentially important for larger studies aiming to develop alternative methods of post-operative surveillance.
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A New Look at the Cross-sectional Relationship of Self-reported Pain, Function and Walking Performance with Radiographic Wear and other Early Indicators of Total Hip Replacement Failure in Patients with OsteoarthritisCharlesworth, Jennifer Michelle 16 December 2010 (has links)
Background: Total hip replacement (THR) with post-operative surveillance is recommended for debilitating osteoarthritis (OA). Using self-reported pain, function or walking performance is one alternative to address increasing surveillance demands.
Objective: A cross-sectional cohort study to evaluate the associations of pain, function and performance with two radiographic markers of potential THR failure.
Participants: 110 patients, median 6 years after THR surgery for OA.
Methods: Questionnaires assessed demographics, co-morbidity, arthritis severity, pain, pain
catastrophizing, and functional status. Performance was measured using the six minute walk test.
THR outcome was assessed radiographically.
Results: Few patients had pain, functional impairment or radiographic markers of potential THR failure. A larger percentage of patients with some intermittent pain (10.7 versus 8.6%) and pain iii after walking performance (40.0 versus 27.6%) had higher wear, but these differences were not
significant.
Conclusion: Measures of pain are potentially important for larger studies aiming to develop alternative methods of post-operative surveillance.
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Role sestry a jejich vliv na péči o pacienty s totální endoprotézou kyčle / The role of nurses and their impact on the care of patients with total hip arthroplasty.SLABÁKOVÁ, Květoslava January 2016 (has links)
Total hip replacement is one of the most extensively and highly effective operating methods in orthopaedics. The patients are brought back the self-sufficiency, life without the pain and noticeably motion restriction. Irreplaceable function here is a role of the nurse, who helps the patient to return back to his common life...The aim of this work was to find out, how the patients feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care before and after the total hip replacement as the less fulfilled. There were following research questions set: How the patients feel the role of the nurse before and after the total hip replacement? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the interpretation of the nurse roles? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care. Which of the nurse roles are felt by the patient as the unsatisfactory in postoperative care? The patients before and after the total hip replacement feel through the everyday nurse activities the nurse in her role of the caregiver and education giving person, following the nurse vindicator and the nurse bearer of changes. The patients feel the care thanks these roles as a quality, holistic and continual. Nevertheless was the role of the education giving named as the least fulfilled. In connection with these research results was created a manual, a Guide book for the patients before and after the total hip replacement. This Guide book was given to testing purposes. This Guide book was appreciated by the patients very positive despite a large amount of information, which were surprising for many of them. We gained some data, which gave the impulse to complete the information in the Guide.The created Guide book can´t replace the effective communication of the patient with the medical staff, which could be always the most suitable "source" of information.
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Mazání náhrad kyčelního kloubu / Lubrication of hip joint replacementsRebenda, David January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with the experimental study of lubrication of hip joint replacements. The influence of the synovial fluid composition and the head material to the lubricating film thickness were asssesed by using a pendulum hip joint simulator. Both of these effects were assesed under static and dynamic loading conditions. The experimental results showed that the movement of the head against the cup is unnecessary for the separation of the rubbing surfaces by a layer of adsorbed proteins. Composition of the synovial fluid then significantly influences the thickness of the lubricating film. Two opposite extremes have been observed during tests with two model synovial fluids. The first fluid formed a very strong lubricating film. The second sample almost prevent adsorption of proteins and consequently formed only very thin lubricating film. The influence of the material is noticeable when comparing the results obtained with a metal head and ceramic heads. Metal head formes under the same conditions thicker lubricating film. This evidence may be partly influenced by different diametrical clearances, which were in the case of ceramic heads higher.
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Restriktioner angående rörelser efter höftledsoperation : en kvalitativ studie av patienters upplevelser / Movement restrictions after a total hip replacement : a qualitative study of patients’ experiencesLööw Lundström, Hanna January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Mechanická analýza vlivu výrobních odchylek na styk hlavice a jamky totální endoprotézy kyčelního kloubu / Mechanical Analysis of the Influence of Fabrication Tolerances on Contact Conditions between the Acetabular Cup and the Femoral Head in Total Hip ReplacementKoukal, Milan January 2010 (has links)
In endoprosthesis surgery there are typically a high percentage of implant defects, these can lead to failure of the whole prosthesis. One type of total hip replacement function loss is acetabular cup loosening from the pelvic bone. This disertation examines manufacture perturbations as one of the possible reasons for this kind of failure. Both dimension and geometry manufacturing perturbations of ceramic head and polyethylen cup were analyzed. We find that perturbations in the variables analysed here affect considered values of contact pressure and frictional moment. Furthermore, contact pressure and frictional moment are quantities affecting replacement success and durability. From obtained results it can be recommended to fit head and cup with a clearance of between 0 mm and 0.05 mm. It can not be recommend using interference type of fit because of strong deterioration of the contact conditions. Roundness perturbation of ceramic head should not exceed 0.025 mm.
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