Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire contemporaine--Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 2005. Titre de soutenance : Le temps des masses : le Tour de France cycliste, 1903-2003. / Notes bibliogr.

Competitive cycling is a sport that is popular around the world. My thesis explores the relationship between cyclesport and society. I begin my thesis with an introduction to the topic of cycling and how I will elucidate cycling's relationship within the sense of how cycle racing engages the nexus between the environment and subject in and through language use, embodiment, and practice. I then explain the methods that I use. Phenomenology, lived experience research, embodied performance, and language use. I utilized my experiences in different cycling communities and interviews to gain access to how cycling comes to be practiced in the daily lives of its participants. Many of the findings reflect the dynamics of gender, language use, discipline, and balance.

Bibliography: leaves 259-282. / iii, 282 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1996

The Tour De France (TDF) is the third largest sporting event in the world and the biggest cycling race in terms of popularity and prestige. The event generates global media exposure and attracts millions of short- and long-term visitors each year, thus, TDF is extremely appealing for communities in search of profits. Using Linear Directional Mean (LDM) and semi-structured interviews (community and organization sides), this paper analyzes how TDF has spatially evolved through time by comparing the 2021 racetrack to other time intervals. Additionally, reasons of the potential shift in terms of spatial distribution are investigated considering current issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has severely affected the tourism sector and therefore, the benefits that communities were expecting to perceive by hosting TDF. Findings showed that the 2021 route deviated from previous editions time of the TDF history including 10 new stage cities that never hosted the event before. The respondent from the organization indicated the pandemic only indirectly affected the TDF route and that the location of the Grand Départ as well as the main internal constraints imposed to the organizers are key elements in the spatial distribution of the event. Interviewed communities acknowledged that there was risk while hosting TDF this year due to potential restrictive measures. However, they recognized that benefits brought by the race largely overweight potential negative impacts from the epidemic. Indeed, TDF remains a way to bring economic benefits, social cohesion, happiness, pride and satisfaction to hosting cities at a time when the tourism industry is at a standstill. / Le Tour de France (TDF) est le troisième événement sportif au monde et la plus grande course cycliste en termes de popularité et de prestige. L’événement génère une exposition médiatique mondiale et attire chaque année des millions de visiteurs à court et à long terme. Le TDF est donc extrêmement attrayant pour les communautés à la recherche de profits. À l’aide de la Direction Moyenne Linéaire (MLD) et d’interviews semi-structurées (côté communauté et organisation), ce mémoire analyse l’évolution spatiale du TDF au fil du temps en comparant le parcours de 2021 à d’autres intervalles temporelles de la course. En outre, les raisons du changement potentiel en termes de distribution spatiale sont étudiées en tenant compte des problèmes actuels dus à la pandémie de COVID-19 ayant gravement affecté le secteur du tourisme et, par conséquent, les avantages que les communautés espéraient percevoir en accueillant le TDF. Les résultats ont montré que l’itinéraire de 2021 s’écarte des éditions précédentes de l’histoire du TDF en incluant 10 nouvelles villes étapes qui n’ont jamais accueilli l’événement auparavant. Le répondant de l’organisation a indiqué que la pandémie n’a affecté qu’indirectement le parcours du TDF et que l’emplacement du Grand Départ ainsi que les principales contraintes internes imposées aux organisateurs sont des éléments clés dans la répartition spatiale de l’événement. Les communautés interrogées ont reconnu qu’il y avait un risque à accueillir le TDF cette année en raison des mesures restrictives potentielles. Cependant, elles ont admis que les bénéfices apportés par la course surpassaient largement les impacts négatifs potentiels dus à l’épidémie. En effet, le TDF reste un moyen d’apporter des effets économiques positifs, de la cohésion sociale, du bonheur, de la fierté et de la satisfaction aux villes hôtes à un moment où l’industrie du tourisme est au point mort.

Kenneth Burke's pentadic analysis has been a staple within the context of rhetorical criticism since the early days of critical communication studies. Throughout the years it has evolved from a heavy text criticism to application to film and documentary. The Armstrong Lie is another documentary that highlights the controversial actions of former seven-time Tour de France champion, Lance Armstrong. This film provides an opportunity in which the pentadic analysis can be applied in order to really dissect the message that is being told. Through application of the pentadic analysis to The Armstrong Lie it is possible to identify the true motivation of the documentary's director, Alex Gibney. The present study seeks to identify the true message being told through the narrative of the documentary. Alex Gibney's motivations come under question as to whether or not he was exonerating himself by lessening the controversy of what Lance Armstrong had done by cheating in a highly competitive sport by characterizing him more as a product of his environment.

FIALA, L. (2020): Tour de France: The effects of the geographical features of the race and stages on the results of the best cyclists and their change over time. Diploma thesis, Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Science, 152 pp. The diploma thesis deals with Tour de France, a three-week bicycle race whose first edition was in 1903. The work's goal is to analyse the evolution of the most important cycling race in the world after the World War II in terms of its geographical features, which affect the performance of racers, and so to differentiate successful cyclists based on their qualities on one hand and identify those parts of the race (stages) that are crucial to success, on the other hand. Another goal of the thesis is to find out how the influence of geographical conditions on performance changes over time and whether and how the categories (types) of cyclist change in this context. The work is consisted into two parts: the theoretical-methodological part and the analysis of the subject of interest. The theoretical and methodological part is based on the approaches and knowledge of sport geography, while it is almost impossible to rely on real research publications devoting to cycling and stage races. The relevant literature dealing with stage races, the Grand Tour and especially the Tour...