Many countries depend heavily on tourism for their economic growth. The invention of the web has opened new opportunities for tourists to discover new places and live new adventures. However, the number of possible destinations has become huge and even an entire lifespan would not be enough to visit all of these places. Even for one city, there are a significant number of possible places to visit. Nowadays, searching online to find an interesting place to visit is harder than ever, not because there is a lack of information but rather due to the vast amount of information that can be found. Trip planning is a tedious task, especially when the tourist does not want to pick a preplanned itinerary from a traveling agency. That being said, even these preplanned itineraries need a lot of time and effort to be customized. Moreover, the set of itineraries that a tourist can select from is usually limited. In addition, there may be many places that tourists would enjoy visiting but that are not included in the itineraries. Thus, static planners do not always choose the right place at the right time. This is why the planning process should take into consideration many factors in order to give the tourist the best possible suggestions. In this Thesis, we propose an algorithm called the Balanced Orienteering Problem to design trips for tourists. This algorithm, combined with a context-aware recommender system for tourism suggestions, create the infrastructure of the mobile application for the augmented reality tourism guide that we developed. We cover the background knowledge of tour planning problems and tourism recommender systems and describe the existing techniques. Furthermore, a comparison between the existing systems and our algorithm is completed to illustrate that our proposed algorithm yields better results. We also discuss the workflow of our system implementation and how our mobile application is designed. Lastly, we address suggestions for future works and end with a conclusion.

Although of particular importance for many reallife applications, restrictions to drivers’ working hours have only received very little attention in the vehicle routing literature. Regulations regarding drivers’ working hours often have a big impact on total travel times, i.e. the time required for driving, breaks, and rest periods. In this paper we describe the regulations for drivers’ working hours in the European Union. We present the Vehicle Routing Problem with Drivers’ Working Hours (VRPDWH) which generalises the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. We present a Large Neighbourhood Search algorithm and test cases for the VRPDWH and conclude this paper with computational experiments.

Ce travail de recherche vise à étudier les plusieurs variantes de problèmes de planification de voyage et de développer la technique efficace pour résoudre ce problème d'optimisation. Afin de modéliser ce genre de problème le problème d'orientation est devenu le point de départ prometteur. Par conséquent, ce modèle de base est étendue à plusieurs variantes pour permettre des fonctionnalités de séjour supplémentaires. Basé sur l'algorithme qui est appliquée avec succès à l'certaine version du problème, nous avons proposé la Itéré locale algorithme de recherche pour lutter contre dépendant du temps multi contrainte équipe Orientation un problème de temps Windows. Le MCTOPTW simple, prend en compte la limitation du budget de l'argent que de multiples contraintes, en plus de fenêtre de temps et le score de satisfaction associée tandis que le TDMCTOPTW considère l'intégration de réseau de transport public urbain dans la MCTOPTW. / This research work aims to investigate the several variants of trip planning problems and develop efficient technique to solve that optimization problem. In order to model this kind of problem the Orienteering Problem became the promising starting point. Therefore, this basic model is extended to several variants in order to enable additional tourist functionalities. Based on the algorithm that is successfully applied to the certain version of problem, we proposed the Iterated Local Search Algorithm to tackle the Time Dependent Multi Constraint Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows. The simple MCTOPTW takes into account money budget limitation as multiple constraints in addition to time window and associated satisfaction score while the TDMCTOPTW considers the integration of urban public transportation network into the MCTOPTW.

摘要 　　觀光旅遊是現今十分興盛的休閒活動，根據 2010 至 2012 年交通部觀光局統計資料顯示，國人國內旅遊以非旅行社承辦平均高達約 88%，因此如何有效規劃行程內容及安排各景點間的交通路線，就成為旅遊前的重要準備工作。 　　檢視目前旅遊規劃的數位服務平台並無法真正解決旅遊需求。故本研究設計與建置一套旅遊支援平台，首先藉由訪談，了解使用者需求，歸納出平台設計重點，分析系統的使用流程，再設計功能模組化與操作介面，最後建置平台並進行原型評估。本平台以雲端資料庫為基礎，無縫結合網站與行動應用兩端的資訊流。使用者在行前利用網站規劃行程內容，完成後上傳至雲端資料庫，網站端內容會自動同步於行動應用端，並以適合行動應用的界面呈現。使用者之行程安排因此更便利與彈性，在行動中亦能利隨時以手機查看行程，並依當地情況修改行程、即時安排交通路徑，使得旅遊行程計畫可以依實際的變化機動調適。而更新後的行程亦同步儲存於雲端。 　　本研究未來方向可以往更多的服務串流發展，如景點的多媒體內容、社群結合、智慧邏輯排程或外部資訊連結等等。隨著未來資訊技術的提升，將為系統平台帶來更多可能性、讓整體服務擁有更佳的整合性，提供使用者更好的體驗。 / Nowadays, touring is a popular leisure activity. According to statistics from the Taiwan Tourism Bureau, people arranged their own domestic travels as high as 88%. Because backpacking can be economical and more flexible, many young people tend to travel by themselves. Therefore travel planning has become the most important preparation work. How to plan an effective schedule and how to arrange the routes between attractive points are the tasks that backpackers often need to face. However there are few information services for the needs currently. The thesis designed and implemented a travelling support platform. First, the research identified design key elements by interviewing users and analyzing travelling behaviors. Second, the research mapped the touring process into functional models. Finally, we built and tested the platform prototype. This platform is Cloud-based and seamlessly integrates both website and mobile application to achieve the information service. Users use the website to schedule their trips and upload the schedules to the cloud database. Then the user can access the same schedule made at website on the mobile APP synchronously. They can check their schedule while they are traveling on the mobile phones. In addition, they can edit the schedule and rearrange new traffic routes real-time to adjust to the local circumstances. The further developments of the platform will include more integrated services, such as multimedia contents, social network, and intelligent logic scheduling. With the evolution of the technology in the future, the platform will provide better user experience.