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Tourism development and community response : the case of the Inhambane Coastal Zone, MozambiqueNhantumbo, Emídio Samuel 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tourism development is a complex process which many researchers have attempted to
understand from various social science perspectives. This study adopts a geography approach
to analyse tourism development in the Inhambane Coastal Zone (ICZ) by using the Miossec
(1976) and the Butler (1980) models as basic frameworks for analyses. Although both models
were found to be useful, they require more accurate data than what was generally available for
the ICZ.
Before the country’s independence in 1975, Mozambique was considered one of many
premier tourism destinations in Southern Africa and the tourism sector had played an
important role in the economy of the country. The 16 years period of internal conflict (1976-
1992) resulted in a rapid decline in the performance of the sector. Since the end of the armed
conflict in 1992 and the democratic transition, a slow recovery of the tourism sector in
Mozambique has set in. Tourism facilities for accommodation and leisure activities have
increased considerably over the last ten years, despite the absence of any integrated tourism
planning.
In this study questionnaire surveys of tourist establishment representatives and local residents
as well as focus group discussions and interviews were conducted to acquire primary data to
analyse the evolution of the ICZ as a tourist destination during the period 1992 to 2008. In
addition, secondary sources such as reports, tourism plans, tourism statistics and maps of the
study area were used.
It was found that tourism is developing slowly in the ICZ and the opening up (or
rediscovering) of the zone as a destination remains limited due to the slow development of
infrastructure in general. The tourism nodes are in different stages of their destination life
cycle and the local residents living in the seven communities react differently toward tourism
development. The ICZ has not progressed further than phase two in Miossec’s model. The
Miossec model was found a suitable tool for analysing tourism development in the ICZ but it
remains a challenge to identify both the evolutionary stage of the ICZ as a destination and the
stage of each tourism node. The study also found that local residents in the ICZ expressed
positive views about tourism development but they are still not satisfied with the current
benefits they acquire from the current development status of tourism in the zone. / AFRIKAANS SUMMARY: Baie navorsers het reeds gepoog om die komplekse proses van toerisme-ontwikkeling vanuit
verskeie sosiaal-wetenskaplike benaderings te verstaan. Hierdie studie volg ʼn geografiese
benadering ten einde toerisme-ontwikkeling in die Inhambane Kussone (ICZ) met behulp van
die Miossec (1976) en Butler (1980) modelle as basiese raamwerke te analiseer. Alhoewel
beide modelle as bruikbaar bevind is, benodig hierdie modelle meer akkurate data as wat
algemeen vir die ICZ beskikbaar is.
Voor die land se onafhanklikheid in 1975, was Mosambiek gereken as een van vele vername
toerisme bestemmings in Suidelike Afrika en die toerisme sektor het ʼn belangrike rol in die
ekonomie van die land gespeel. Die 16 jare lange interne konflik (1976-1992) het tot ʼn snelle
agteruitgang van die sektor se prestasie gelei. Sedert die einde van die gewapende konflik in
1992 en die oorgang na ʼn demokrasie, het die toerisme sektor in Mosambiek ʼn stadige herstel
beleef. Toerisme fasiliteite vir akkommodasie en ontspanningsaktiwiteite het, ten spyte van
die afwesigheid van geïntegreerde toerisme beplanning, aansienlik toegeneem.
In hierdie studie is daar deur middel van ‘n vraelysopname aan verteenwoordigers van
toerisme verwante besighede en plaaslike inwoners, asook fokus-groep besprekings primêre
data in gesamel ten einde die evolusie van die ICZ as toeriste bestemming gedurende die
tydperk vanaf 1992 tot 2008 te analiseer. Daarbenewens is sekondêre bronne soos verslae,
toerisme planne, toerisme statistieke en kaarte van die studiegebied gebruik
Daar is bevind dat toerisme in die ICZ stadig ontwikel en dat die herontdekking van die sone
as bestemming beperk bly as gevolg van die stadige ontwikkeling van die infrastruktuur in die
algemeen. Die toerisme nodusse is in verskillende stadia van hulle individuele
bestemmingsiklusse, en die plaaslike inwoners in die sewe gemeenskappe reageer verskillend
teenoor toerisme ontwikkeling. Die ICZ het nie verder as fase twee van die Miossec model
gevorder het nie. Daar is ook vasgestel dat die Miosec model ʼn gepaste instrument is vir die
analise van toerisme ontwikkeling in die ICZ, maar dit bly ʼn uitdaging om die evolusionêre
stadium van die ICZ as ‘n bestemming in geheel asook die stadium van elke toerisme-nodus
te kan identifiseer. Die studie het ook bevind dat plaaslike inwoners van die ICZ positiewe
menings oor toerisme ontwikkeling het, maar nog steeds nie tevrede is met die huidige
voordele wat hulle uit die huidige ontwikkelingstatus van toerisme in die sone ontvang nie.
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Sustainable tourism development: A case study of Bazaruto Island in Inhambane, Mozambique.Ricardo, Gilberto January 2004 (has links)
Sustainable tourism development strategies are regarded as suitable for developed countries, while pro-poor tourism strategies are seen as suitable approaches for underdeveloped countries. Both approaches stress the importance of local community-based or collaborative tourism management. The goal of these strategies is for local communities to achieve a more equitable share of benefits accruing from tourism development. This study dealt with the problem of which policy changes need to be brought about to ensure sustainable tourism development on Bazaruto Island. From an economic perspective, one would wish to examine the economic returns to tourism, ensuring that as many of the benefits as possible stay within Mozambique while some accrue to local community members. In addition, from an ecological perspective, it would be necessary to ensure that much of the pristine environment is retained. The local community would wish to ensure significant participation in preserving and promoting its culture as part of the development of tourism.
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Sustainable tourism development: A case study of Bazaruto Island in Inhambane, Mozambique.Ricardo, Gilberto January 2004 (has links)
Sustainable tourism development strategies are regarded as suitable for developed countries, while pro-poor tourism strategies are seen as suitable approaches for underdeveloped countries. Both approaches stress the importance of local community-based or collaborative tourism management. The goal of these strategies is for local communities to achieve a more equitable share of benefits accruing from tourism development. This study dealt with the problem of which policy changes need to be brought about to ensure sustainable tourism development on Bazaruto Island. From an economic perspective, one would wish to examine the economic returns to tourism, ensuring that as many of the benefits as possible stay within Mozambique while some accrue to local community members. In addition, from an ecological perspective, it would be necessary to ensure that much of the pristine environment is retained. The local community would wish to ensure significant participation in preserving and promoting its culture as part of the development of tourism.
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The implications of tourism for rural livelihoods : the case of Madjadjane community, Matutuine district, Mozambique.Langa, Felismina A. Longamane. January 2005 (has links)
This study investigates the level of the implications of a community based project in
Madjadjane area, Matutuine District in Mozambique and constitutes a Mini-dissertation
for a Masters Degree in Environment and Development. It is composed of two parts.
Component A comprises a literature review and was written following CEAD guidelines
and Component B, which constitutes the research paper written in the stylesheet for
publication in the South African Geographical Journal (Appendix 2 of the Component
A). The literature review charts the evolution of tourism from the ancient forms to the
mass tourism after the Second World War and then to the more recent forms of tourism.
The review also discusses approaches related to development, sustainable development,
rural development, community based natural resources management and livelihoods,
which are critical to understanding the context in which tourism takes place. Alternative
tourism approaches such as sustainable tourism, nature based tourism, eco-tourism, rural
tourism, pro-poor tourism and community based tourism are evaluated in terms of their
impacts on host communities. From this discussion, community based tourism with its
focus on poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement emerges as one of the more
appropriate options for tourism development in poor countries. The study concluded that
from the Madjadjane community perspective, although the project emerged along with
small commercial activities, it has not yet brought significant economic benefits, nor
improvement of their livelihoods. The positive impact is the increased awareness of the
value of the conservation of natural resources amongst the local residents. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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Understanding the impact of tourism revenue distribution on communities living in Bazaruto Archipelago National Park (BANP), Mozambique.Matusse, Ricardina M. Guivala. January 2010 (has links)
The Bazaruto Archipelago National Park (BANP) is one of the two marine National Parks in Mozambique. It was established to protect marine and terrestrial resources and to provide a basis for social and economic develop of the communities associated with the park. However, after four decades of successful tourist-attracting operation, the communities are still struggling. Poverty, lack of diversified livelihoods, poor soil fertility, lack of education, unemployment and lack of income generation continue. These lead to a reduction of the very natural resources the park was established to protect. They lead also to less sustainable and more vulnerable community livelihoods and a decline in community development. This study, which is the first of its kind on Bazaruto Island, evaluated tourism revenue distribution on communities through assessing its social, economic and conservation impacts on the island. The study also investigated how tourism revenue is distributed and managed and the role of the various stakeholders. The study reveals that tourism revenue distribution has not yet demonstrated substantial tangible impacts on communities. Limited improvement was found in three areas: education, micro-finance for projects and community conservation. However, on the whole, the communities remain poor and jobless; their homes are still in poor condition and subject to weather damage. The study suggests that there are two key factors that have limited progress on Bazaruto Island. Communities have spent their tourism revenue on providing public goods (infrastructure and education) which are government responsibilities. Further, is a practical tension between conservation and livelihoods which is related to the use of tourism revenue for social infrastructure instead of expanding livelihoods. The primary message of the park is about conservation, but there is no real effort to create alternative livelihoods; communities are forced to set aside conservation in favor of basic survival. There is an urgent need to investigate alternative livelihoods for the communities and to formulate policy and programs to ensure that while the goal of conservation is met, communities also see substantial improvements to their livelihoods and general quality of life. / Thesis (M.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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