Denna rapport syftar till att reda ut vad utländska turister anser om priserna i Stockholm och om höga priser på en destination kan resultera i att turister väljer bort det som resmål. Detta har vi valt att undersöka genom ett kvantitativt förfarande och vi har även valt att utgå från konsumentbeteende för att förstå hur turisters beslutsprocess ser ut i valet av resmål. Vårt resultat visar på att priset på destinationen och då framförallt hotellpriserna och priser på transport är en stor faktor i turisters beslutsprocesser. Dessutom svarade en stor andel av våra respondenter att de skulle välja bort ett resmål om de ansåg att priserna var för höga. Majoriteten ansåg att turistprodukterna i Stockholm vi presenterade var från medel upp till väldigt dyra. Dock så behöver det inte betyda att turister skulle välja bort Stockholm då priskänsligheten beror på flera faktorer. I och med att Stockholm har en hög andel affärsresenärer behöver priserna inte nödvändigtvis vara ett problem om de vägs upp av högre service och kvalité vilket enligt vår undersökning inte är fallet med Stockholm. Det vi kan säga utifrån vårt resultat är att Stockholms turism skulle kunna gynnas om det tillkom fler budgetalternativ samt om servicen och kvalitén på de dyrare produkterna och tjänsterna förbättrades. / This thesis aim is to study how international tourists perceive prices in Stockholm and if high prices at a destination can result in them choosing not to travel there. We chose to examine this through a quantitative approach and a consumer behavior perspective to understand how the tourists’ decision-making process works when choosing a holiday destination. Our results show that price is the main factor when tourists are planning their holiday, specifically accommodation and transportation prices at the destination. Furthermore, a great deal of our respondents answered they would choose not to visit a destination if they perceived the prices as high. The great majority of our respondents did answer that the goods and services we presented to them where from mid-range price to very expensive. However, that doesn’t necessarily mean that tourists would discard Stockholm as their holiday destination because consumers’ price sensitivity depends on several factors. Stockholm has a great deal of business travelers who are quite price insensitive but high prices could be weighed up by better service and higher quality, which isn’t the case for Stockholm according to our results. What we can assert from this study is that the tourism in Stockholm could benefit from having some budget alternatives and that the quality and service of expensive goods and services becomes better.

This Master thesis deals with the film tourism in the Bohemian Paradise. The main part of the Thesis is focused on the analysis of Bohemian Paradise as a place suitable for film tourism and the evaluation of the offer in the field of film tourism. To achieve these goals was used among others SWOT analysis and the method of benchlearning. The result of the Thesis is finding that in the Bohemian Paradise is the potential for the development of film tourism but it is not used to the maximum. Based on the analysis are presented recommendations for the new products of film tourism which could destination management organization offer in its territory.

Tourists' information processing is a dynamic process in that their information use depends on the surrounding context. From tourists' personal characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and travel experience), nature of tourism products (e.g., intangibility and variability), to the development of information technology (e.g., the prevalent usage of mobile devices for information search), a variety of contextual factors are involved when tourists process information for decision-making. Given the importance of online reviews in the hospitality and tourism field as information sources, this dissertation aims to understand the contextual effects of online reviews on tourists' decision-making. By selecting several contextual factors, three independent and interrelated essays examine how tourists' cognitive or behavioral responses to online reviews are affected by those factors. Considering that local search (e.g., looking for nearby restaurants by using "restaurants near me" as a search query) becomes an important context for using online reviews, both Study 1 and 2 focus on the local search context. Study 1 investigates the role of online reviews in the local search context; specifically, how online reviews are used as ranking factors by local search platforms (LSPs), is examined with an analytical approach. Study 2 investigates tourists' processing of online reviews in the local search context; specifically, how online reviews are differently processed in the local search context (e.g., searching for a restaurant that can be visited immediately) compared with the non-local context (e.g., searching for a restaurant that can be visited in a month), is examined by conducting an experiment. Building on Study 2, Study 3 investigates how tourists' processing of online reviews is affected by another contextual factor, the nature of tourism products; specifically, how the variability of tourism products (i.e., their change in quality over time) influences the way tourists process online reviews, is examined through social media analytics. Results of the three essays provide empirical support for the underlying argument of this dissertation: understanding tourists' responses to online reviews depends on factors that transcend their information characteristics. As a whole, the findings of this dissertation suggest the need for considering the surrounding context to further understand how online reviews affect tourists' decision-making. As practical implications, this dissertation discusses the importance of leveraging various types of information about tourists' context (e.g., location accessed from smartphones, and physiological condition accessed through smartwatches). / Doctor of Philosophy / Tourists use online reviews within specific situations. The effects of such reviews on tourists' decision-making are difficult to explain without considering the surrounding contexts. Depending on when (e.g., before or during the trip), where (e.g., at home or destination), or for which products (e.g., restaurants, attractions, or hotels) they use online reviews, even the same online review can be differently perceived by tourists (e.g., how helpful it is). Therefore, the reviews have an increased or reduced influence on their product choices. This dissertation aims to understand the context-dependence of tourist's use of online reviews. The three essays in this dissertation examine how online reviews are used or processed by tourists under certain context: how online reviews affect tourist's decision-making in the local search context (e.g., searching for "restaurants near me" using smartphones during the trip) (Study 1); how tourists process online reviews while relying on reviews for immediately choosing places to visit (Study 2); and how tourists perceive online reviews when they are recently posted (Study 3). The findings confirm the dynamic nature of tourist's use of online reviews and offer several insights for tourism businesses to hone their strategies on marketing online reviews.

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The aim of the thesis is to analyze the offer and demand for the products of experiential tourism in South Bohemia region. Based on the results of analysis a draft of a new of experiential tourism product is created.

B.Tech. (Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Faculty of Human Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between marketing effectiveness and the marketing mix of guesthouses in the Vaal Region. This goal was achieved by firstly exploring the application of marketing and marketing effectiveness in the tourism industry through a literature study. Based on the literature study a questionnaire was developed and a survey conducted to analyse the marketing mix as well as marketing effectiveness of guesthouses and the relationship between these two as possible factors influencing both. Marketing is a very important management function in any business. It is a process focused on matching the right customer with a certain product or service in order to satisfy their wants and needs. Marketing can create a competitive advantage for organisations which influences the success and longterm profitability of the organisation. The marketing approach for small organisations differs from that of larger organisations due to limited resources, lack of specialist expertise and a limited impact in the marketplace. Smaller organisations such as guesthouses seem to handle marketing in a more informal and unstructured manner and thereby underestimating the value and role of marketing. Marketing is directly influenced by the application of the four Ps, namely product, price, place and promotion. The planning and application of the four Ps, however, contributes to successful marketing. The question is whether guesthouse owners realise this. Research was undertaken at the guesthouses in the Vaal Region to determine the relationship between the marketing mix and marketing effectiveness through the eyes of the consumer, since they need to react to the marketing material. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed of which 451 were completed by the visitors. v Firstly, the data was used to compile tables and graphs to interpret the descriptive data: demographic profile of respondents, travel preferences of respondents, a descriptive view of the marketing mix elements and the effectiveness of marketing for guesthouses. Secondly, by means of a factor analyses, the marketing mix elements were grouped according to price, place, product, promotion (advertising) and promotion (contact), and the marketing effectiveness elements were grouped according to quantity control and quality control. Product was found to be the most important element of the marketing mix and quality control was found to be the most important element of marketing effectiveness. Thirdly, no significant differences were found on the marketing mix elements and the marketing effectiveness factors and gender and marital status. The spearman rank order correlations revealed that older people consider product as a marketing mix element to be less important. Frequent travellers consider promotion (advertising), promotion (contact) and quality control to be less important. Lastly, definite correlations were found between the marketing mix elements and the marketing effectiveness factors. This implies that even smaller guesthouses should implement the marketing mix elements which can assist in improving the marketing effectiveness of the guesthouse. Guesthouses will yield better results when implementing the marketing mix effectively. This study contributes to the information that already exists concerning the marketing mix and marketing effectiveness but more in terms of the relationship between the two.