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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da AÃÃo da Toxina BotulÃnica do tipo âAâ na profilaxia da MigrÃnea Sem Aura / Study of the Action of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Prophylaxis of Migraine Without Aura

Josà Artur Costa DâAlmeida 22 October 2004 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Estuda atravÃs de ensaio duplo cego, controlado, randomizado o efeito da Toxina BotulÃnica do tipo A na profilaxia de crises de migrÃnea sem aura. A migrÃnea à um tipo comum de cefalÃia primÃria, benigna, episÃdica, e recorrente que se caracteriza por dor geralmente hemicrÃnica e pulsÃtil, e que à agravada pela atividade fÃsica. Existem outros sintomas associados como nÃuseas, fotofobia, fonofobia, ou irritabilidade. Na migrÃnea com aura podem tambÃm ocorrer alteraÃÃes neurolÃgicas motoras, sensitivas, ou visuais denominadas de aura. A migrÃnea, cuja fisiopatologia ainda nÃo à perfeitamente compreendida, seria o resultado de um processo patolÃgico complexo que envolveria o tronco cerebral e levaria à inflamaÃÃo local de vasos sangÃÃneos cranianos atravÃs da liberaÃÃo de neuropeptÃdeos vasoativos como SubstÃncia P (SP), Neurocinina A (NA), e PeptÃdio Relacionado ao Gene da Calcitonina (PRGC). Apesar das vÃrias opÃÃes terapÃuticas (analgÃsicos simples, antiinflamatÃrios hormonais e nÃo hormonais, triptanos, antipsicÃticos, derivados ergotamÃnicos, e opiÃides) para tratamento da crise ou para tratamento preventivo, somente cerca de um terÃo dos pacientes fica satisfeito com o tratamento. Foi observado que pacientes utilizando toxina botulÃnica para tratamento estÃtico de rugas da face ou distonias apresentavam uma reduÃÃo na quantidade de crises de migrÃnea. A toxina botulÃnica à uma potente neurotoxina produzida pela bactÃria Clostridium botulinum. A aÃÃo da toxina à impedir a liberaÃÃo de acetilcolina nos terminais nervosos. Ela tambÃm age inibindo a liberaÃÃo de neuropeptÃdeos vasoativos. O uso da toxina botulÃnica nos faria agir exatamente no cerne do processo fisiopatolÃgico da doenÃa. Com o objetivo de testar esse possÃvel efeito analgÃsico nos pacientes portadores de migrÃnea sem aura, realizou-se um estudo duplo-cego, controlado, e randomizado. Mediu-se o nÃvel de dor atravÃs de escalas para quantificar a intensidade e o nÃmero de dias com dor na semana antes e apÃs a injeÃÃo de Toxina BotulÃnica em mÃsculos da face. O grupo controle recebeu SF como placebo. Os pacientes foram seguidos durante trÃs meses. Ao final concluiu-se que nÃo houve diferenÃa estatÃstica na intensidade nem na freqÃÃncia da dor de cabeÃa nos pacientes que usaram a toxina botulÃnica em relaÃÃo aos que usaram placebo (SF) / A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of botulinum toxin type A in the prophylactic treatment of Migraine is presented. Migraine is a common type of primary, benign, episodic headache. It is characterized by pain usually unilateral and throbbing. Other associated symptoms are nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, or irritability. The pain is usually worsened by physical activity. There are also motor, sensitive, or visual neurological alterations, denominated aura. The physiopathology of migraine is not still perfectly understood but it could involve liberation of vasoactive neuropeptides as Substance P, Neurokinine A, and Calcitonin gene-related peptide, promoting an inflammation. Migraine, then, would be the result of a complex process that would involve the brainstem and induce local inflammation of cranial blood vessels. In spite of the therapeutic options (analgesics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, triptans, neuroleptics, ergot derivatives, and opioids) only about one third of patients is satisfied with the treatment. The preventive treatment is appropriate for those that have frequent crises. It was observed that the patients using botulinum toxin for aesthetic treatment of wrinkles of the face, or dystonia presented a reduction in the amount of migraine crises. The botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The action of the toxin is to inhibit the acetylcholin liberation from the nerve terminal. It acts also inhibiting the liberation of vasoactive neuropeptides. Therefore, Botulinum Toxin would act exactly in the core of the physiopathologic process of the disease. With the objective of testing possible analgesic effects of botulinum toxin in migraine without aura bearers, we performed a double-blind, controlled, and randomized study. The pain level was measured by scales and by the amount, and number of days of pain in a week, before and after botulinum toxinâs injection in muscles of the face. The placebo group received saline injection. The patients were followed for three months. At the end it was concluded that there was not statistic difference in intensity nor in frequency of the headache of the patients that used botulinum toxin in relation to the people that used placebo (saline)

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