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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo de sistemas complexos com intera??es de longo alcance : percola??o, redes e tr?fego

Mendes, Gabriel Alves 17 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielAM_DISSERT.pdf: 3905570 bytes, checksum: 4c0d9aa1885448450fe9583dac769de6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this thesis we investigate physical problems which present a high degree of complexity using tools and models of Statistical Mechanics. We give a special attention to systems with long-range interactions, such as one-dimensional long-range bondpercolation, complex networks without metric and vehicular traffic. The flux in linear chain (percolation) with bond between first neighbor only happens if pc = 1, but when we consider long-range interactions , the situation is completely different, i.e., the transitions between the percolating phase and non-percolating phase happens for pc < 1. This kind of transition happens even when the system is diluted ( dilution of sites ). Some of these effects are investigated in this work, for example, the extensivity of the system, the relation between critical properties and the dilution, etc. In particular we show that the dilution does not change the universality of the system. In another work, we analyze the implications of using a power law quality distribution for vertices in the growth dynamics of a network studied by Bianconi and Barab?si. It incorporates in the preferential attachment the different ability (fitness) of the nodes to compete for links. Finally, we study the vehicular traffic on road networks when it is submitted to an increasing flux of cars. In this way, we develop two models which enable the analysis of the total flux on each road as well as the flux leaving the system and the behavior of the total number of congested roads / Nesta tese abordaremos problemas f?sicos que apresentam um alto grau de complexidade utilizando ferramentas e modelos da Mec?nica Estat?stica. Daremos ?nfase ao estudo de sistemas com intera??es de longo alcance dentre estes, o caso da percola??o com liga??es de longo alcance em cadeias lineares, redes complexas sem m?tricas e tr?fego em redes complexas. O fluxo numa cadeia linear (percola??o) com intera??es de primeiros vizinhos s? ocorre em pc = 1, por?m se levarmos em conta liga??es de longo alcance o quadro ? completamente diferente, ou seja, a transi??o entre a fase percolante e a fase n?o percolante ocorre para um valor de p < 1. Esse tipo de transi??o continua ocorrendo mesmo quando dilu?mos o sistema ( dilui??o dos s?tios ). Outros efeitos estudados nesse trabalho foram a extensividade do sistema, a evolu??o das propriedades cr?ticas em fun??o da dilui??o, etc. Em particular, mostramos que a dilui??o n?o altera a universalidade do sistema. Em outro trabalho, veremos as implica??es em utilizar uma distribui??o de qualidade obedecendo uma lei de pot?ncia na din?mica de crescimento de uma rede estudada por Bianconi e Barab?si. Este incorpora na liga??o preferencial as diferentes habilidades (qualidades) dos s?tios na competi??o por liga??es. Por ?ltimo, estudamos o tr?fego em redes complexas e na malha rodovi?ria sui?a a fim de entender como o congestionamento se alastra numa rede quando submetida a um fluxo crescente de carros. Nesse sentido, desenvolvemos dois modelos que nos possibilitam a an?lise do fluxo total em todas as ruas, bem como o fluxo nas sa?das do sistema e o comportamento do n?mero total de ruas congestionadas

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