Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_gf_dr_botfca.pdf: 791343 bytes, checksum: 65b805fc57ff5b43c1ebf92385c2d12d (MD5) / Outros / As análises de óleos lubrificantes de motores de tratores agrícolas são importantes como meio gerador de informações à manutenção mecânica e da racionalização quando da substituição dos mesmos. Porém, a confiabilidade da permanência destes óleos no cárter pode ser tratada de maneira formal através de métodos estatísticos. Foram utilizados dados referentes ao tempo, em horas, de uso dos óleos lubrificantes dos motores de dois grupos de tratores, marca Massey Ferguson, modelo 275 4x2. Os dados do primeiro grupo são oriundos de seis tratores onde foram obtidas setenta observações. Os do segundo grupo de sete tratores foram verificadas quarenta e seis observações. Avaliou-se o tempo de uso do óleo através das seguintes variáveis explanatórias: viscosidade, ponto de fulgor, diluição por combustível, fuligem, presença de água e desgaste metálico (Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Al e Si) para ambos os grupos de tratores. No segundo grupo foram verificados também níquel e molibdênio. O modelo de Cox foi utilizado para análise de tais variáveis. Estudaram-se as curvas de confiabilidade do óleo lubrificante para cada trator, utilizando-se o estimador de Kaplan-Meier. No primeiro grupo, as variáveis explanatórias não foram significativas para o período de troca do óleo lubrificante de motores dos tratores. Para o segundo grupo apenas o Pb apresentou diferença significativa com relação ao tempo de troca do óleo lubrificante. A utilização do estimador de Kaplan-Meier permitiu identificar o comportamento do óleo lubrificante durante o período de uso. O modelo de Cox mostrou-se apropriado para explicar o comportamento das variáveis explanatórias. / The analysis of the motors lubricant oil of agricultural tractors are important as information generating to the mechanical maintenance and to the rationalization when of its substitution. However, the permanence reliability of these oils in the crankcase can be treated to formal way through the statistical methods. Data over time, in hours, of the use of motor lubricant oils of two tractors groups, all Massey Ferguson 275 model 4x2 were utilized. The data of the first group are from six tractors and seventy observations were obtained. The data of the second group are fom seven tractors, obtaining forty-six observations. It was evaluated the oil use time according to the following explanatory variables: viscosity, glow point, dilution by fuel, soot, water and metallic wear (Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Al, Si) for both groups; molybdenum for the second group. The Cox model was utilized for analyses of these variables. The reliability curves were studied for each tractor using Kaplan-Meier estimator. In the first group, the explanatory variables were not significant for the time of lubricant oil exchange to the motors of tractors second group only Pb showed difference in relation to time of lubricant oil exchange. The Kaplan-Meier estimator allowed to visualize the lubricant oil behavior during the use time. The Cox model was appropriated to explain the explanatory variables behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_f_dr_botfca.pdf: 1137087 bytes, checksum: 935adc64eba193e98414deb6fb3e222a (MD5) / Os tratores como fonte de potência, para o tracionamento e/ou acionamento de máquinas e implementos agrícolas dão origem a conjuntos motomecanizados, os quais têm sido utilizados de forma crescente na agricultura brasileira. Apesar do grande avanço tecnológico o aumento do número de tratores agrícolas trouxe aspectos positivos e alguns negativos, entre estes últimos destaca-se o surgimento de uma nova fonte de acidentes de trabalho, cuja importância é dada pelos danos físicos que causam ao operador. Em estudos realizados, desde a década de 70 do século XX até os dias atuais, de 85% em média dos acidentes fatais, envolvendo tratores agrícolas, 70% são devidos a quedas laterais e 15% a quedas para trás. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi projetar e desenvolver um inclinômetro, o qual indica a inclinação do terreno, como sensor de segurança para tratores agrícolas com o intuito de evitar tombamentos laterais, para a preservação do operador e da máquina. Ainda como objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desempenho operacional, em uma pista inclinada lateralmente, dos tratores agrícolas avaliados para este trabalho. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, em uma pista de ensaio de máquinas, pertencente ao NEMPA (Núcleo de Ensaio de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais), com 400 metros de comprimento e 20 metros de largura, sendo que a mesma possui uma pista lateral previamente construída... / The tractors as potency source, for the traction and/or activate of machines and agricultural implements give origin to groups motor automated, which have been used in a growing way in the Brazilian agriculture. In spite of the great technological progress the increase of the number of agricultural tractors brought positive aspects and some negative, among these last ones he stands out the appearance of a new source of work accidents, whose importance is given by the physical damages that cause to the operator. In accomplished studies, since the decade of 70 of the century XX to the current days, of 85% on average of the fatal accidents, involving agricultural tractors, 70% are back due to lateral falls and 15% to falls. Therefore the objective of this work was to project and to develop an inclinometer, which indicates the inclination of the land, as sensor of safety for agricultural tractors with the intention of avoiding lateral hollovers, through a resonant sign, for the preservation of the operator and of the machine. Still as objective of this work was to analyze the operational acting, in a sloping track sidelong, of the appraised agricultural tractors for this work. The experiment was developed in Fazenda Experimental Lageado, belonging to University of Agronomic Sciences of the from São Paulo State University, Campus of Botucatu, in a track of rehearsal of machines, belonging to NEMPA (Nucleus of Rehearsal of Machines and Tires Agroforest), with 400 meters in length and 20 meters of width, and the same possesses a lateral track built previously. The steepness of the track was of 0,3% in the sense of the length and even in the width and the lateral...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1996-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:21:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cm_me_botfca.pdf: 450322 bytes, checksum: b996b6c928b2eac97ff7e1e464b7bba3 (MD5) / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um modelo computacional (sistema computadorizado), o qual permite o dimensionamento de tratores, equipamentos agrícolas e de operações agrícolas. Foram utilizados dados sobre tratores oferecidos no mercado brasileiro, criando-se um banco de dados contendo informações de marca, modelo, potência de ensaio, peso sem lastro, peso com lastro e tipo de tração, que serão utilizados pelo sistema computadorizado. Para análise dos dias agronomicamente viáveis, foram avaliados dados climatológicos do dia 01/01/1983 até 31/12/1993, totalizando 11 anos de dados para a região do município de Botucatu - SP, tais como: precipitação, velocidade do vento, radiação solar, temperaturas mínimas, máximas e médias, umidade relativa do ar, insolação, e outros, através dos quais obteve-se uma tabela contendo taxas de ocorrências de dias bons, considerando-se cinco tipos diferentes de solo. Esta tabela fornece a base para alguns dos cálculos do sistema, podendo ser gerada por qualquer método estatístico com dados de qualquer região, sendo facilmente integrada ao sistema. Através dos dados dos tipos de solo utilizados e daqueles estimados matematicamente por meio de método de mínimos quadrados, encontrou-se os valores dos coeficientes usados nos cálculos de resistência ao corte unitária e resistência ao corte para cada tipo de equipamento, em cada tipo de solo. Utilizando-se o Microsoft Visual Basic (VB), software de desenvolvimento de programas para ambiente Windows, criou-se um sistema com uma interface visualmente agradável e fácil de se trabalhar.

Orientador: Afonso Lopes / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra / Banca: Ana Lúcia Paschoa Botelho Ferreira Barbosa / Banca: Diego Silva Siqueira / Banca: Gilberto Hirotsugu Azevedo Koike / Resumo: Dada à necessidade de novas alternativas de energia limpa e renovável, testes utilizando biocombustíveis tornaram-se relevantes. Neste contexto, o biodiesel representa alternativa viável já que dispensa adequações nos motores de ciclo diesel, diferentemente dos outros combustíveis, como gás natural ou biogás, por exemplo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar desempenho operacional e opacidade da fumaça de trator agrícola funcionando com diesel e biodiesel, cujos fatores estudados foram tipos de combustíveis e diferentes rotações do motor. As rotações do motor foram 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2400, 2600 rpm e os combustíveis foram diesel B S1800, diesel B S500, biodiesel de soja e biodiesel de murumuru. Avaliou-se potência na barra de tração, velocidade de deslocamento, consumo de combustível, e opacidade da fumaça. Houve aumento do consumo específico para os tipos de combustível a medida que aumentou a rotação do motor. Para biodiesel a faixa de rotação entre 1900 e 2000 teve menor interferência no desempenho. A opacidade da fumaça reduziu com o uso do biodisel de soja e de murumuru / Abstract: Given the need for new alternatives clean and renewable energy, tests using biofuels become relevant. In this context, biodiesel is a viable alternative since it dispenses adjustments in the diesel engines, unlike other fuels such as natural gas or biogas, for example. This study aimed to evaluate operating performance and smoke density tractor running on diesel and biodiesel, which studied factors were fuel types and different engine speeds. Engine speed were 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2400, 2600 rpm and diesel fuels were B S1800, S500 diesel B, soy biodiesel and biodiesel murumuru. If power-rated drawbar pull, ground speed, fuel consumption, and smoke density. There was an increase in specific consumption for all fuel types as increased engine speed. For biodiesel, speed range between 1900 and 2000 had less interference on performance. The smoke density was reduced with the use of soybean biodiesel and murumuru / Doutor

Tractor rollover protective structures (ROPS) have been found effective for protecting people from serious injury or death when tractors overturn. Extension agricultural engineers and safety specialists are promoting the retrofitting of ROPS on pre-ROPS tractors. ROPS, meeting to ASAE standards, are available for these older tractors. However, effective protection not only depends on the proper design of ROPS, but also on the structural adequacy of the rear axle housing on which ROPS are mounted, and on the means of attachment. Adequate information on the strength of pre-ROPS tractor axle housings 1s still lacking. A research project to develop a technique for determining the suitability of tractor axle housing when adding ROPS to pre-ROPS tractors was initiated by the Biological Systems Engineering Department at Virginia Tech in 1991. A finite element procedure was developed for the rear axle assembly of John Deere 720 tractor and models were built with a commercial software ANSYS Engineering Analysis Program. The models were employed to analyze the stress distributions under the static, crush, and dynamic ROPS tests recommended by ASAE. Laboratory tests were conducted to validate the models, and to assess the suitability of the shell element model and the general solid element model. Results of the analyses show that the rear axle housing assembly of John Deere 720 tractor has a safe margin for the static and crush tests under the condition of this study. Results also show that can support the dynamic test if the ROPS is mounted with a larger contact area with the axle assembly. The study concluded that the finite element procedure is effective to assess the strength adequacy of tractor axle housing and to determine the feasibility of retrofitting ROPS on pre-ROPS tractors. / Ph. D.

This diploma thesis deals with the use of powerful tractors with tracked chassis in agricultural primary production. For my work I chose Farma Pokorný Kmetiněves s. R. O., Which uses Challenger MT865E crawler tractor and BOTEP PLUS spol. s .r. o., which uses CASE IH STX 450 Quadtrac tracked tractors and CASE IH STX 480 Quadtrac. Literary review deals with the construction of wheeled and tracked bogies of tractors. The thesis describes the utilization of tracked tractors in given companies during the marketing year and analysis of the performance of individual tractors. The thesis is supplemented with characteristics of enterprises, description of technical parameters of individual machines and analysis of investment and operating costs.

The diploma thesis, which deals with the usage of tractors with tracked chassis in the agricultural primary production, presents in a literature overview the design of the chassis of wheeled tractors, which is supplemented with front axle suspension systems. Main theoretical part of the overview describes the construction of the tracked chassis. There are mentioned and described all units of significant producers of tracked tractors. Further, the work describes the design of suspension of tracked tractors and the possibility of control of the tracked chassis. The theoretical part ends with a chapter focusing on semi-tracked tractors. Practical part shows the methodology and results of the measuring by use of the tracked tractors in the agricultural company annual production, focused on the utilization of each Tractor-set. Thesis is completed by characteristic of the general agriculture company with the analysis of the investments and costs.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The computer program WHEEL is a mathematical model which predicts off-road vehicle performance characteristics. The program was developed using empirical relationships resulting from mobility tests on conventional-sized trucks and tires. The model was subsequently validated by comparing the model's predicted values of vehicle performance parameters, such as net drawbar pull, slip, sinkage and torque, with field test results for conventional-sized vehicles. However, validity of the model for predicting the off-road mobility of vehicles with large diameter tires was not established. The purpose of this study was to provide this validation. Values of net drawbar pull and slip for a Case 2390 tractor with 70.2" diameter driven wheels predicted by computer program WHEEL compare favorably with traction data obtained from tractor performance tests conducted by the University of Arizona Department of Agricultural Engineering. Therefore, the model may be used confidently to analyze performance of vehicles with large diameter wheels.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a avaliação ergonômica da cabine de seis modelos de máquinas florestais utilizadas na extração de madeira (quatro "forwarders" e dois "skidders"), quanto ao posicionamento de comandos e instrumentos e o campo visual do operador, com base nas características antropométricas do operador brasileiro. As análises foram feitas em máquinas operando em áreas de colheita de madeira pertencentes a duas empresas florestais, localizadas nos municípios de Mogi Guaçu e Lençóis Paulista, Estado de São Paulo. Para a avaliação do posicionamento dos órgãos de comando foram determinadas as distâncias dos mesmos a partir do Ponto de Referência do Assento nas três dimensões (x, y e z), além de uma avaliação qualitativa com os operadores dos tratores florestais em estudo, que, através de notas, manifestaram sua satisfação com relação à localização dos comandos e outras variáveis ergonômicas. A avaliação antropométrica dos operadores foi feita por duas medidas, uma em pé e outra por meio de uma cadeira especial desenvolvida pela Fundacentro, obtendo-se, a partir dela, as áreas de máximo e ótimo acesso quanto à localização dos órgãos de comando. O campo visual do operador foi determinado com o auxílio de um dispositivo de iluminação com a demarcação da área sombreada, considerada como campo de visibilidade nula. Concluiu-se que a melhor máquina, quanto ao posicionamento de comandos, foi o "forwarder" Valmet 890.2, seguido pelo "skidder" Caterpillar 545, sendo os únicos tratores que apresentaram mais da metade dos comandos bem posicionados, 66,7% e 54,5% respectivamente. O "forwarder" Valmet 890.2 também apresentou o melhor campo visual, sendo que, neste quesito, todos os modelos de "forwarders" foram superiores aos "skidders". Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram um projeto ergonômico da disposição de comandos nas cabines dos tratores florestais não muito favorável ao conjunto de operadores brasileiros analisados. / The objective of this work was the cab evaluation of four forwarders and two skidders models, considering the positioning of commands and instruments and the operator visual area, on the basis of the anthropometrics characteristics of a sample of Brazilians operators. The analyses had been made in machines operating in relevant areas of wooden forest from two forest companies, located in Mogi Guaçu and Lençóis Paulista municipalities, State of São Paulo. The command position was determined in three dimensions (x, y and z), considering the operator’s seat reference point as the origin. A qualitative evaluation with the operators of the forest tractors was also done, revealing their satisfaction about several ergonomics factors related with the forest machines. The anthropometric evaluation of the operators was made by means of a special chair developed by the Fundacentro, resulting in the areas of maximum and excellent access for the commands localization. The visual area of the operator was determined with a illumination device and the landmark of the shaded area, considered as a field of null visibility. The machine with the best commands position, in accordance with the biotype of this set of Brazilians operators, was the forwarder Valmet 890,2, followed by the skidder Caterpillar 545, being the only tractors that had presented more than half of the commands, 66.7% and 54.5% respectively, well positioned. The forwarder Valmet 890,2 also presented the best visual field, with all forwarders models being superiors, in this evaluation, to the skidders. The results of this study had demonstrated, in terms of commands position, ergonomic projects of those forest machines not very favorable to the set of analyzed Brazilians operators.