Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1782. / Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 12264.0-1.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1788. / Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 13566.1-1.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1986. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [447]-462.

Thesis (B.Ec.(Hons.)) -- University of Adelaide, 1966. / "A thesis submitted as part of the examination for the honours degree of Bachelor of Economics in the University of Adelaide, 1966." Includes bibliographical references (p. 47). Title page, contents and introduction available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103). Also available on the Internet.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of anti-dumping measures in order to make economic sense of what seems to amount to cheating on an international agreement. There are numerous loopholes in the Anti-dumping Agreement which allow anti-dumping measures to be used as a form of protection by import-competing industries against fair trade. Some of these loopholes are of a purely legal nature, while others are more practical. During an anti-dumping investigation, a dumping margin is calculated in order to establish whether or not an accused exporter is dumping. This calculation is known as the determination of dumping. In this thesis, the various ways in which the dumping margin can be manipulated or ”captured” are investigated. It is shown that there are numerous ways in which the determination of dumping result can be manipulated in order to ensure a positive dumping result. And economists are concerned about this abuse of anti-dumping as it could have a chilling effect on international trade. However, it is shown in this thesis that anti-dumping investigations are concentrated in certain sectors. In other words, anti-dumping measures (and other non-tariff remedies) are being used as a strategy to protect certain industries. Adam Smith, the ”father” of economics, pointed out that certain sensitive or strategic industries may need to be protected, even if such protection is at the cost of economic welfare. So, it seems that the economic issue is not really about dumping, but about whether or not certain strategic industries should be protected. And it is the protection of these strategic industries, for example the iron and steel industry, that needs further research. / Economics / D. Comm. (Economics)

No description available.

M.Phil. / The following study will examine the effects of the reunification of East Germany and West Germany on the South African coal exports to Germany. The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989, and thereafter the reunification of East and West Germany took one year to complete. Before the reunification (1981 to 1988), the West German economy was booming, and the contributions of the different energy carriers to the West German energy consumption were as follows: Contribution in 19811 (%) Contribution in 1988 (%) Hard Coal! 20,9 19,1 Brown Coal 10,6 8,1 Oil 44,8 41,9 Gas 16,0 16,2 Nuclear 4,7 12,0 Other Energies 2,9 2,5 As West Germany is a country which is poor in indigenous energy resources, the majority of the above energies were and still are imported. Before reunification, West Germany had, however an established local hard coal mining industry. Due to rising expenses, however, the mining industry was being cut back. Production had decreased as had the number of people employed by the industry. The main consumers of hard coal were the electricity generation industry and production industries other than the iron and steel industry. To supplement hard coal supply, steam coal was being imported into West Germany. The countries of origin for these imports were South Africa, Poland, the USA, Australia, Canada, and more recently, Indonesia and Colombia. By contrast, the comparable energy picture for East Germany from 1981 to 1988 was as follows: Contribution in 1981 (%) Contribution in 1988 (%) Hard Coal 5,0 4,5 Brown Coal 64,4 68,5 Oil 16,5 13,2 Gas 9,2 9,3 Nuclear 4,0 3,7 Other Energies 0,8 0,5 The majority of the above energy was imported, but all the brown coal required was mined locally. Hard coal, which was required mainly for the iron and steel industry, was imported chiefly from Poland. The East German economy was close to bankruptcy shortly before the reunification. The extent of this condition, however, only became apparent after the reunification. The poor condition of the industries and their detrimental effect on the environment came as a shock to all. The initial step taken after the reunification, was to close all the East German nuclear power stations, mainly for safety reasons. Thereafter, large portions of the brown coal mining industry, along with many other sectors of the industry were closed while others were reconstructed. The enormous economic strength of West Germany was demonstrated in the speed with which the East was converted to a market economy. Effects of the reunification were also seen in the energy sector

Magister Legum - LLM / Government procurement is a very important aspect of international tradeas it can either promote or inhibit trade depending on laws and policies of a country. The study is confined to issues pertaining to the role of RTAs in establishing government procurement standards that resemble or conform to those of the GPA in developing countries. The study used Africa as a case study by evaluating selected RTAs that have been signed focussing on RTAs such as the procurementinitiativeof the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA) and US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement. The major objectives of the study were to examine the role of the existing international regulatory instruments towards the harmonisation of global standards on government procurement. The reserach aimed at analysing the role of the WTOs GPA as a possible global standard for government procurement and to investigate reasons of limited membership by developing countries. / South Africa