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The growth of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy impacts and implications of regional naval expansionTritle, Matthew C. 12 1900 (has links)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / China's growing economic dynamism has made it a powerful actor in the globalized economy. Continued growth of China's economy requires guaranteed sea access to foreign energy resources and markets. In response to the need for sea access, the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is undergoing an expansion and force modernization process intended to ensure China's access to vital sea lines of communications (SLOCs). In recent history, post-Meiji Restoration Japan and early twentieth century Germany provide two examples of the impact of rising economic powers with expansive maritime strategies. In both cases, efforts by regional competitors to maintain relatively superior naval forces led to heightened tensions and, ultimately, war. Through the unintended promotion of regional naval arms races, both the Empire of Japan and the German Empire contributed to the destabilization of their respective region's security. This thesis argues that, based on the historical record of competitive naval growth, an expanding PLAN will destabilize East Asia as China challenges the dominance of the leading naval power in the Western Pacific -- the United States Navy. However, China's rise differs from the rise of Japan and Germany in important ways. Diplomatic efforts by Washington and Beijing to identify shared maritime interests can serve to alleviate the destabilizing effects associated with naval growth. Additionally, security tensions associated with naval arms races may be mitigated through a thorough U.S. analysis of the actual threat posed by China's growing naval power. / Outstanding Thesis / US Navy (USN) author.
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An investigation into South African's readiness to implement the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade17 August 2015 (has links)
M.B.A. / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Preferencias de pago de los consumidores en transacciones trade-in y las variables que la influyenBonati Campos, Fiametta 12 1900 (has links)
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Marketing / Las transacciones trade-ins involucran la compra de un modelo nuevo de un producto y simultáneamente la venta de una versión más antigua del mismo producto. En la literatura sobre preferencias de pago en trade-ins se establece que en general a la hora de transar los consumidores prefieren ser “sobrepagados” por su antiguo modelo que entregan en forma de pago, aun cuando ese sobre precio resulte en que le cobren un precio excesivamente alto por el modelo nuevo que desea adquirir. (Purohit 1995; Zhu, Chen y Dasgupta 2008). Dado este antecedente, el objetivo de esta tesis es examinar como la preferencia de pago de los consumidores se ve afectada por la diferencia de precios entre el producto usado y el producto nuevo, considerando explícitamente el rol del apego emocional con el producto usado, el valor económico del bien a transar, dada su importancia relativa en la pérdida de dotación y la experiencia previa del consumidor realizando trade-ins. Se logra obtener evidencia que estipula que existe una relación positiva y significativa con las variables diferencia de precios, apego emocional y valor del bien con las preferencias de pago. El hallazgo con respecto a la relación con el apego emocional es una contribución clave a la literatura, dado que no existían estudios previos que lo expliciten. La relevancia de esta tesis radica en las contribuciones en el estudio de los trade-ins. En primer lugar, es un aporte a la literatura en marketing pues demuestra que no sólo los consumidores prefieren que les sobrepaguen (Purohit 1995; Zhu, Chen y Dasgupta 2008) sino también existe una opción donde se revierte la condición y se prefiere ser subpagado, en función de factores como la diferencia de precio y el apego emocional hacia el producto usado. En segundo lugar, se estudia el caso donde el consumidor tiene un rol dual en la transacción (comprador y vendedor simultáneamente) y no sólo estando en un extremo. En tercer lugar, se establece el rol del apego mediado por la experiencia previa del consumidor y la influencia del valor del bien en sus preferencias de pago, factores que no han sido previamente estudiados en la literatura.
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Essays in International TradeZhang, Penglong January 2018 (has links)
Thesis advisor: James E. Anderson / The world is still far from flat today. A large literature finds that there is too little international trade and too much intra-national trade. The vast majority of country pairs even do not trade at all. Borders and distance impede trade by much more than tariffs or transports costs can explain. Although other sources of resistance, such as taste, information, culture, and so on, have been discussed, it is difficult to measure and model them. My doctoral research examines the big question "What various resistances lead to the wide gap between reality and full globalization?" The first chapter focuses on how important the home-biased preference is for the home-biased consumption. In the second chapter, which is joint work with James Anderson, we study which of the iceberg and fixed trade cost accounts more for the international trade zeros. Finally, in the third chapter coauthored with Ben Li, we study how the country geographical heterogeneity affects international trade, as well as the global geopolitics. Chapter 1 relaxes the assumption of the representative consumer to heterogeneous ethnic consumers in terms of taste biases. More specifically, any given consumer has a taste biased towards the good produced by her country of origin wherever she currently resides in the world. Thus consumers are heterogeneous in terms of how large their taste biases are. I extend the structural gravity model by building and estimating a structural component of home-biased preferences. The gravity model generates bilateral trade shares with three distinct components: ethnic composition of resident population, bilateral trade cost, and per capita income. Market taste depends in part on the ethnic origin of consumers. When ethnicities are home-biased in tastes, migration promotes trade with countries of origin. Using international trade and transnational migration data among 40 countries, this paper estimates the home bias of each ethnic group in tastes. The results show that consumers' tastes for products from their country of origin deviate from unbiased levels by 40 percent on average. Large and poor ethnicities are more biased in their tastes. Ethnic taste bias is found to explain 64 percent of the home bias in trade. Chapter 2 identifies the extent to which zero trade flows is explained by variable and fixed trade cost, respectively. This job is important because variable and fixed trade cost play different roles in shaping zero trade flows and thus imply different trade policies to stimulate the trade to occur. Despite the enormous growth in global trade, most countries still do not trade with one other. Choke prices that shut off demand are suggested by the prevalence of zeros in disaggregated bilateral trade flows. We find the variation of price elasticities is even larger than income elasticities. On average, VC's effect on trade probability is much larger than FC's effect. The variable trade cost is more important than the fixed trade cost to explain the international trade zeros. Chapter 3 finds that since the Age of Discovery, the world has become economically integrated while remaining politically disintegrated as a collection of nation-states. The nation-state system is robust because borders, which divide the world landmass into states, interact with economic integration to absorb shocks. We build a tractable general equilibrium model of international trade and national borders in the world. Over a long time horizon, declining trade costs alter trade volumes across states but also incentivize states to redraw borders, causing states to form, change, and dissolve. Our model has significant implications for the global economy and politics, including trade patterns, political geography, state-size distribution, and the risks of militarized disputes. These implications are supported by modern and historical data. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.
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Clothing and retailing survey of Kansas State University graduates June 1966-May 1972Hively, Sarah S. January 2010 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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A geographical appraisal of the Taiwan tea industry /Chiang, Tao-chang. January 1963 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1963. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90). Also available on the World Wide Web.
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The design of regulatory rulesVogelsang, Ingo 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Production of information for marketing decisions in forest industry firms /Sainio, Jorma Kalevi. January 1970 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1970. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91). Also available on the World Wide Web.
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A quantitative analysis of the effects of tariff and non-tariff barriers on U.S. - Mexico poultry tradeMagana Lemus, David 01 November 2005 (has links)
Since the inception of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in
1994, tariff restriction to U.S. poultry products entering the Mexican market has
decreased significantly. While poultry trade from the U.S. to Mexico has increased
considerably, Mexican chicken exports to the U.S. face a sanitary restriction. This
concerns chicken producers in Mexico. Consequently, the Mexican government
negotiated with the U.S. government an extension, from 2003 to 2008, of the tariff rate
quota (TRQ) on U.S. chicken leg quarters entering the Mexican market.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impact of trade policies
restricting the chicken trade between Mexico and the U.S. Two trade policy scenarios
were analyzed: (1) a removal of the Mexican tariff rate quota (TRQ) on U.S. chicken leg
quarters, and (2) a removal of the TRQ and, in addition, a removal of the U.S. sanitary
restrictions to Mexican chicken. A cost minimization mathematical programming model
was used to estimate the optimum levels of production, consumption and trade, subject
to policy restrictions.
The study found that if the Mexican TRQ on U.S. chicken leg quarters is
eliminated, chicken production in Mexico would shrink by 51% compared to the actual level of production as of 2003. A less drastic effect on Mexican production of chicken
was found when, in addition to the TRQ removal, the U.S. sanitary restriction on
Mexican chicken is eliminated. In this second scenario total production in Mexico would
decrease by 24%. Under both scenarios chicken production in the U.S. is estimated to
have an increase, 8% and 4% for the first and second scenarios, respectively. These new
levels of production would affect trade levels and prices for chicken and chicken parts in
both countries.
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Endogenous trade protection under regional trade agreements: the Andean caseSanchez Bizot, Gustavo 16 August 2006 (has links)
Endogenous tariff formation has been the subject of theoretical studies that attempt to
determine the fundamental economic variables that influence the structure of industry
protection implemented by international trade policy makers. An empirical analysis of
endogenous tariff formation under the framework of a regional trade agreement
implemented by the Andean Community Group is offered in this dissertation.
Econometric models for the groupÂs common external tariff (CET) and for individual
country tariff deviations with respect to the CET are estimated. The analysis is based on
cross-sectional industrial and trade data for 1996, collected at four digit level of
aggregation. The level of aggregation refers to the specific definition of industrial sectors
included in the International Standard Industrial Code (ISIC). While previous studies on
another regional integrated group in South America (MERCOSUR) use data at the three
digit level, the aggregation used in this research implies a significant increase in the sample size, and also a more homogeneous specification regarding the composition of
the industrial sectors under analysis.
The causal links among the variables are obtained by using the directed acyclical graphs
(DAGs) approach. This allows for a refined search for causal relationships. The
approach is particularly appealing for the analysis of endogenous trade protection since
it allows analyzing economic systems that involve policy intervention.
The empirical analysis supports several of the classic theoretical models on trade
protection. The results are consistent with the equity concern model, which suggests that
governments tend to protect industrial sectors that employ a significant number of low
wage unskilled workers. The estimated models also support the interest group and the
adding machine theoretical formulations. However, a rather interesting result derived
from the DAG analysis is the feedback interaction that seems to operate between tariffs
and policy variables. The current literature restricts the estimation of trade protection by
imposing tariffs as the dependent variable with no reverse effect from this variable to the
policy variables. Our results challenge this unidirectional causality view, since an effect
from tariffs to the policy variables shows up in most of the estimated specifications.
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