Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2056.pdf: 11641586 bytes, checksum: 5c98117a4dd91f552ad89d2becc2534c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-29 / The intensification concerning the multiple uses of water in the Piracicaba River Basin has led to alterations in the aquatic ecosystem, affecting the fishery supplies with a deleterious influence and causing great limitations to the survival and social reproduction of traditional communities. The way of life within Tanquã community is centered on the artisan fishery, which implies on the fabrication of their own corporal techniques, ways of production, knowledge, beliefs and habits all characterized as traditional. The deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem acts as a factor of dissolution in this way of life. On one hand, by compromising and restricting the use of natural resources and on the other hand, by demanding the modernization of such techniques so that the artisan fishery can gain additional life span. There is reluctance within the Tanquã that appears as representations of their universe, in the oral memory, and the extra-economic sociability, providing a counterview to a full commitment to the market rationality. Between the desire to resist, affirming itself as a valid way of life, and the need to adjust to the dynamics of macro social environments, the Tanquã community lives the duality of a collective identity, sometimes strengthen, and sometimes threatened. As a case study, the objective of this article presents a brief description and a sociological analysis of the process, from a qualitative approach, in which the oral account and the direct observation are blend to characterize the structure and the dynamics of social production of the community. / A intensificação nos múltiplos usos das águas na Bacia do Rio Piracicaba tem promovido alterações no ecossistema aquático com decorrente influência deletéria sobre os estoques dos recursos pesqueiros, o que implica em limitações na sobrevivência e reprodução social de comunidades tradicionais. A Comunidade Tanquã do Piracicaba têm o modo de vida centrado na pesca artesanal, afirmando-se nas práticas de trabalho que envolve a particularidade das técnicas corporais, dos meios de produção, saberes, crenças e hábitos caracterizados como tradicionais. A deterioração do ecossistema aquático age como um fator de dissolução deste modo de vida, de um lado comprometendo e restringindo o uso dos recursos naturais, e de outro exigindo a modernização de tais práticas para que a pesca artesanal alcance uma sobrevida. A resistência aparece nas representações de mundo, na memória oral, na sociabilidade extra-econômica, conferindo um contraponto a uma adesão plena à racionalidade de mercado. Entre o desejo de resistir, afirmando-se como um modo de vida válido, e a necessidade de ajustar-se à dinâmica socioambiental macro envolvente, que no caso se manifesta como deletéria à qualidade do ecossistema aquático, a comunidade do Tanquã vive na dualidade da identidade coletiva, que ora se reforça ora se sente ameaçada. Como um estudo de caso, esta dissertação objetiva apresentar uma descrição sucinta e uma análise sociológica do processo a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, na qual os relatos orais e a observação direta mesclam-se para caracterizar a estrutura e a dinâmica da produção social do lugar.

A Comunidade das Pitombeiras, situada no municÃpio de Caucaia-CE, constitui-se em uma Comunidade Tradicional de Pescadores, inserida dentro da Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental do Lagamar do CauÃpe. O seu entorno envolve precioso patrimÃnio ambiental, tendo o Rio CauÃpe como um importante recurso natural para sua principal atividade: a pesca artesanal. Visando gerar informaÃÃes que poderÃo servir como subsÃdios ao processo de implantaÃÃo de medidas efetivas de gestÃo compartilhada para a comunidade das Pitombeiras, este trabalho teve por objetivo principal analisar a situaÃÃo socioeconÃmica da comunidade das Pitombeiras, relacionando-o à percepÃÃo ambiental destes atores como parte da APA, entendendo a sua permanÃncia na Ãrea. Para tanto, foi realizado uma analise social, econÃmica e de qualidade de vida da comunidade e seus respectivos impactos nas relaÃÃes socioeconÃmicas da comunidade, e verificou-se como a comunidade avalia a implantaÃÃo do Complexo Industrial do Porto PecÃm nas proximidades da APA. Os resultados foram obtidos atravÃs de comparabilidade entre: os fundamentos da pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, os dados de estudos, os registros e os censos, e a pesquisa de campo. Desta forma, como resultados mais significativos obtidos pelo estudo, identificou-se que esta comunidade, devido as suas caracterÃsticas atuais (onde coexistem costumes, fazeres e crenÃas tradicionais, os hÃbitos e o estilo da vida moderna), pode ser classificada como âcomunidade neotradicionalâ, muito embora ainda possua entre seus integrantes, vÃrios representantes naturais da regiÃo que permitiria classificar como âtradicionaisâ. Observou-se que 75% das pessoas vivem na comunidade das Pitombeiras hà mais de quinze anos e que grande parte da populaÃÃo nÃo tem noÃÃo de que mora numa Ãrea de proteÃÃo ambiental. O grau de instruÃÃo entre os membros da comunidade à baixo e se reflete na empregabilidade e na renda das famÃlias, pois mais de 50% da populaÃÃo economicamente ativa està desempregada e cerca de um terÃo das famÃlias possuem renda abaixo de 1 salÃrio mÃnimo, para um grupo familiar em mÃdia de quatro membros. Muitas famÃlias acreditam que a implantaÃÃo do Complexo Industrial e PortuÃrio do PecÃm nas proximidades contribuirà para a geraÃÃo de emprego e renda, em especial para os jovens. Observou-se grande deficiÃncia quanto aos serviÃos pÃblicos prestados à Comunidade, o que compromete a qualidade de vida dos habitantes e a qualidade ambiental da APA do Lagamar do CauÃpe. / The Community of Pitombeiras, located in the municipality of Caucaia-CE is in a community of Traditional Fishermen, inserted within the Environmental Protection Area of the Lagamar CauÃpe. Its surroundings involves precious environmental heritage, with the River CauÃpe like an important natural resource for its main activity: fishing. Aiming to generate information that could serve as inputs to the process of implementation of effective measures for the shared management of Pitombeiras community, this study aimed at analyzing the socioeconomic status of the Pitombeiras community, relating to the environmental perception of actors as part of APA, understanding their stay in the area. Therefore, we performed a diagnostic social, economic and quality of life community and their respective impacts on socioeconomic relations of the community, and it was found as the community evaluates the implementation of the Port PecÃm Industrial Complex near the APA. The results were obtained through comparison between: the foundations of literature, the study data, records and censuses, and field research. Thus, as the most significant results obtained by the study, it was identified that this community due to its current characteristics (where coexist customs, activities and traditional beliefs, habits and style of modern life), can be classified like "community neotradicional" yet still has among its members, several representatives of the natural region that would be classified as "traditional." It was observed that 75% of people living in the community of Pitombeiras for over fifteen years and that much of the population has no concept of living in an area of environmental protection. The level of education among community members is low and is reflected in employment and household income, as more than 50% of the economically active population is unemployed and about one-third of families have income below one minimum wage for a group average family of four. Many families believe that the implementation of the Industrial and Port Complex of PecÃm nearby will help in generating employment and income, especially for young people. We observed a large deficiency as public services provided to the Community, which compromises the quality of life for residents and environmental quality of the APA's Lagamar CauÃpe

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado pretende avaliar a eficácia da proteção do patrimônio cultural imaterial no Brasil por meio do registro previsto no Decreto nº 3.551/2000, que regulamentou em parte o artigo 216 da Constituição Federal de 1988, e foi concedido pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN). Para tanto, baseia-se em um estudo de caso envolvendo o gênero musical-coreográfico-poético e festivo denominado Fandango Caiçara, que é transmitido oralmente de geração a geração, no seio da comunidade tradicional caiçara localizada nos municípios de Iguape e Cananéia, no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, e nos municípios de Morretes, Paranaguá e Guaraqueçaba, no litoral norte do Estado do Paraná e cujo registro como Patrimônio Cultural do Brasil junto ao IPHAN ocorreu em 29 de novembro de 2012 no Livro das Formas de Expressão. Nossa análise também procura levar em consideração os aspectos socioambientais envolvidos, bem como os desafios que, em nossa opinião, devem ser enfrentados pela comunidade tradicional caiçara diante da obtenção do referido registro. / This Masters Dissertation intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the cultural heritage of immaterial natures protection in Brazil by means of the registration provided by Decree n. 3.551/2000, which was partially regulated by article 216 of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and was granted by the Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). For that it is based on a case study involving the musical-choreographic-poetic and festive genre called Fandango Caiçara, which is orally transmitted from generation to generation within the caiçara traditional community located in the municipalities of Iguape and Cananéia, in the south coast of the State of São Paulo, and in the municipalities of Morretes, Paranaguá and Guaraqueçaba, in the north coast of the State of Paraná and whose registration as Cultural Heritage of Brazil before the IPHAN occured on November 29, 2012 in the Book of Forms of Expression. Our analysis also seeks to consider the socialenvironmental aspects involved as well as the challenges that, in our opinion, should be faced by the caiçara traditional community before the obtainment of said registration.

L’étude des rapports de la culture des communautés traditionnelles et du droit implique une vision large, mêlant approche comparative et internationale, car les conceptions sont variées et les instruments divers. Au Brésil, pays doté d’une grande diversité culturelle, la nécessité de la protection de la culture populaire est une demande croissante, justifiée et nécessaire. La France, de son côté, présente le double avantage d’être le berceau du droit d’auteur et de connaître, elle aussi, une part de culture traditionnelle. En outre, dès les années 1970, le mouvement international autochtone occupe progressivement une place grandissante dans les débats internationaux.Deux axes émergent alors pour tendre à protéger la culture des communautés traditionnelles. Il ressort d’abord des processus de négociations internationaux la possible utilisation des instruments classiques de protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle. A ensuite émergé, ces dernières années, une tendance à l’élaboration d’une protection spécifique de la culture traditionnelle.Dans cette perspective, l’analyse comparative des systèmes juridiques français et brésilien enrichit la réflexion sur des régimes dont la mise en œuvre effective s’avère particulièrement complexe. Cette thèse invite aussi à s’interroger sur les raisons de ce dysfonctionnement, en livrant une étude portant sur plusieurs instruments normatifs. Le résultat est une analyse à trois focales (internationale, nationale et, dans certains cas, locale) qui vise à mettre en évidence les enjeux majeurs de la régulation de la culture traditionnelle. / The study of the relationship between the culture of traditional communities and law implies having a wide perspective, combining a comparative and an international approach, as the concepts are varied and the instruments diverse. In Brazil, a country with a great cultural diversity, the need for the protection of popular culture is a growing, justified and necessary demand. France, on the other hand, has both the benefit of being the birthplace of copyright and possessing, too, a part of traditional culture. In addition, since the 1970s, the international indigenous movement gradually took a growing place in international debates.Thus, two directions rise attempting to protect the culture of traditional communities. Firstly, the possible use of traditional instruments for the protection of intellectual property rights will result from the international negotiating processes. In addition, in recent years, the tendency of elaborating a specific protection for traditional culture has emerged. In this perspective, the comparative analysis of the French and Brazilian legal systems can allow us to broaden our reflection on regimes whose effective implementation seems to be particularly complex. This thesis prompts us to question the reasons for this dysfunction by providing a study on several normative instruments. The result is a three-level analysis (international, national and, in some cases, local) aiming to highlight the major challenges of regulating traditional culture.

The problem addressed in this study is the difference in patterns of verbal and non-verbal communication across gender and generational groups, specifically between members of traditional and urban communities. These differences, it is argued, are linked to differences in values, attitudes, beliefs, views, etc., i.e. cultural differences, between the groups. Misunderstanding in such communicative interaction arises because people are unaware of the role of cultural differences in the construction and interpretation of texts/cases of language use, for example, the gender differences in the way men and women from different age groups and different habitats (rural vs. urban) can generate misunderstanding. In the Ndebele community, there is a marked diversity in communication patterns and practices by gender. These differences in communication patterns between men and women are socially constructed and are related to power. For example, women are not expected to maintain eye contact with their male counterparts in mutual conversation. Where they disregard these communicative norms, it would be regarded as socially unacceptable and such behaviour would be regarded as disrespectful by the traditional members of the society. Non-verbal behaviour may also impede effective communication because there are different systems of using and understanding gesture, posture, silence, touch and physical appearance in different gender, age and rural/urban communities. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

AGUIAR, Roberto de Paula. Análise socioeconômica da Comunidade das Pitombeiras no interior da APA do Lagamar do Cauípe, Caucaia-Ce. 135 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, fortaleza-CE, 2013 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T13:54:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_rpaguiar.pdf: 6642668 bytes, checksum: 784a9427eb1b71b6aa70df02b0c3da72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T13:54:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_rpaguiar.pdf: 6642668 bytes, checksum: 784a9427eb1b71b6aa70df02b0c3da72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T13:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_rpaguiar.pdf: 6642668 bytes, checksum: 784a9427eb1b71b6aa70df02b0c3da72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The Community of Pitombeiras, located in the municipality of Caucaia-CE is in a community of Traditional Fishermen, inserted within the Environmental Protection Area of the Lagamar Cauípe. Its surroundings involves precious environmental heritage, with the River Cauípe like an important natural resource for its main activity: fishing. Aiming to generate information that could serve as inputs to the process of implementation of effective measures for the shared management of Pitombeiras community, this study aimed at analyzing the socioeconomic status of the Pitombeiras community, relating to the environmental perception of actors as part of APA, understanding their stay in the area. Therefore, we performed a diagnostic social, economic and quality of life community and their respective impacts on socioeconomic relations of the community, and it was found as the community evaluates the implementation of the Port Pecém Industrial Complex near the APA. The results were obtained through comparison between: the foundations of literature, the study data, records and censuses, and field research. Thus, as the most significant results obtained by the study, it was identified that this community due to its current characteristics (where coexist customs, activities and traditional beliefs, habits and style of modern life), can be classified like "community neotradicional" yet still has among its members, several representatives of the natural region that would be classified as "traditional." It was observed that 75% of people living in the community of Pitombeiras for over fifteen years and that much of the population has no concept of living in an area of environmental protection. The level of education among community members is low and is reflected in employment and household income, as more than 50% of the economically active population is unemployed and about one-third of families have income below one minimum wage for a group average family of four. Many families believe that the implementation of the Industrial and Port Complex of Pecém nearby will help in generating employment and income, especially for young people. We observed a large deficiency as public services provided to the Community, which compromises the quality of life for residents and environmental quality of the APA's Lagamar Cauípe / A Comunidade das Pitombeiras, situada no município de Caucaia-CE, constitui-se em uma Comunidade Tradicional de Pescadores, inserida dentro da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Lagamar do Cauípe. O seu entorno envolve precioso patrimônio ambiental, tendo o Rio Cauípe como um importante recurso natural para sua principal atividade: a pesca artesanal. Visando gerar informações que poderão servir como subsídios ao processo de implantação de medidas efetivas de gestão compartilhada para a comunidade das Pitombeiras, este trabalho teve por objetivo principal analisar a situação socioeconômica da comunidade das Pitombeiras, relacionando-o à percepção ambiental destes atores como parte da APA, entendendo a sua permanência na área. Para tanto, foi realizado uma analise social, econômica e de qualidade de vida da comunidade e seus respectivos impactos nas relações socioeconômicas da comunidade, e verificou-se como a comunidade avalia a implantação do Complexo Industrial do Porto Pecém nas proximidades da APA. Os resultados foram obtidos através de comparabilidade entre: os fundamentos da pesquisa bibliográfica, os dados de estudos, os registros e os censos, e a pesquisa de campo. Desta forma, como resultados mais significativos obtidos pelo estudo, identificou-se que esta comunidade, devido as suas características atuais (onde coexistem costumes, fazeres e crenças tradicionais, os hábitos e o estilo da vida moderna), pode ser classificada como “comunidade neotradicional”, muito embora ainda possua entre seus integrantes, vários representantes naturais da região que permitiria classificar como “tradicionais”. Observou-se que 75% das pessoas vivem na comunidade das Pitombeiras há mais de quinze anos e que grande parte da população não tem noção de que mora numa área de proteção ambiental. O grau de instrução entre os membros da comunidade é baixo e se reflete na empregabilidade e na renda das famílias, pois mais de 50% da população economicamente ativa está desempregada e cerca de um terço das famílias possuem renda abaixo de 1 salário mínimo, para um grupo familiar em média de quatro membros. Muitas famílias acreditam que a implantação do Complexo Industrial e Portuário do Pecém nas proximidades contribuirá para a geração de emprego e renda, em especial para os jovens. Observou-se grande deficiência quanto aos serviços públicos prestados à Comunidade, o que compromete a qualidade de vida dos habitantes e a qualidade ambiental da APA do Lagamar do Cauípe.

This thesis is a theoretical-historical attribute and focuses on the theory of classes and class conflict, on the genesis of the concept of class. The thesis will analyze the authors and directions-schools that have had an impact on the ideological founder of the concept Karl Marx and also how they developed their thinking. Marx nor any other author of the term "class, classes, class" never clearly defined. It is a historical and sociological perspective on the concept of "class", which is often defined differently, and still there is any clear definition, which would approve whole academic community. In modern societies, the term "class" is not used so often and has been replaced by the concept of social stratification. In recent years, the "classes" being discussed by worldwide experts, but the solution is still not found. Nevertheless, this work is optimistic and the author clearly advocates that the term "class" will not vanish from professional sociological discourse.

This thesis is a theoretical-historical attribute and focuses on the theory of classes and class conflict, on the genesis of the concept of class. The thesis will analyze the authors and directions-schools that have had an impact on the ideological founder of the concept Karl Marx and also how they developed their thinking. Marx nor any other author of the term "class, classes, class" never clearly defined. It is a historical and sociological perspective on the concept of "class", which is often defined differently, and still there is any clear definition, which would approve whole academic community. In modern societies, the term "class" is not used so often and has been replaced by the concept of social stratification. In recent years, the "classes" being discussed by worldwide experts, but the solution is still not found. Nevertheless, this work is optimistic and the author clearly advocates that the term "class" will not vanish from professional sociological discourse.