This study was undertaken to explore trainee and registered psychologists' perceptions of indigenous healing, its recognition, its inclusion in the formal mental health care system, and its role in the mental health care system. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted in Durban. Unstructured interviews and focus group interviews were conducted with registered and trainee psychologists respectively. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. Based on the findings the following conclusions were drawn: In comparison to student psychologists, intern and registered psychologists held more positive views about indigenous healing, its recognition, its role, and its inclusion into the formal health care sector. Most participants reported that they would not refer to indigenous healers unless a client made an explicit request; registered psychologists were more confident about their ability to collaborate with indigenous healers; and most participants reported a need for more knowledge on indigenous healing. The implications of these findings are discussed. / This study was undertaken to explore trainee and registered psychologists' perceptions of / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

Thesis (D. Miss)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 352-359).

The study of isiZulu medicine names as reflected in indigenous healing system. This research focuses on the meaning of names of nsatural herbs in isiZulu language which form part of traditional medicine within the Zulu society. It plays an important role in the manifestation of a composite picture of Zulu society. This research also proposes to investigate isiZulu medicine as reflected in indigenous healing systems within th Zulu society which forms what is known as Zulu cosmoloy. the primary objective of this research is to contribute to an understanding of the ways in which humans use natural herbs and animal parts in constructing healthy life as part of healing practice. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the M Tech: Nursing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / Child health has always been a global priority for decades; however, despite efforts to reduce the child mortality statistics, 5.9 million children under the age of five years have deceased in 2015. IMCI guidelines are used to assess, classify and treat sick children under the age of five years, however, despite the prevalent use of traditional medicine for this age group of children, the guidelines excludes the use of traditional medicine, hence the tendency exists to ignore such questions being asked. It is this gap in the history taking pertaining to sick children seeking health care at clinics that the researcher has identified, therefore, this study is intended to highlight the use of traditional medicine in children under the age of five years. The researcher’s methodology is a quantitative descriptive study by means of a self- developed structured questionnaire which was handed out to 183 caregivers attending a Gateway Clinic and 324 caregivers at Paediatric Out – Patient Department. The total sample size was 507 caregivers of children under the age of five years. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. The data derived from this study indicated that although most caregivers would take their sick children to the clinic for first line treatment, there are a significant number who would rather use home remedies or seek care from traditional healers. The study reveals that 28.5% of caregivers were found to be administering traditional medicine with conventional medicine and 17.4% would do so concurrently. Evidence also revealed that 75.7% of the caregivers would disclose the use of traditional medicine for their children only if nurses enquired about it. Recommendations arising from the study findings are that the IMCI guidelines should incorporate a classification chart for use by health care professionals in order to identify children who were treated by traditional medicine preferably as “RED” - requiring urgent attention and possible admission to hospital, in view of the potential threat to life. Since the IMCI guidelines are also a teaching tool in nursing curricula, the assessment of sick children using traditional medicine will be incorporated into the formal teaching of nurses. Key words used were Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses, effects and use of traditional medicine on children. / M

Research was conducted among the Hispanic population of Casper, Wyoming for the purpose of determining the extent to which the Hispanic ethnic medical system had been modified in response to local living conditions. Since Casper is relatively remote from areas where there are high concentrations of Hispanics it was reasoned that this isolation would influence the way in which Hispanics adapted to life in a predominantly Anglo community and that, by extension, aspects of the ethnic medical system would undergo significant alterations as a result. Research was carried out by using a mail out survey which was sent to a random sample, by personal interviews and contacts, and by collecting life histories of selected individuals within the Hispanic community. The results indicated that few local Hispanics adhered to the precepts of the ethnic medical system and that those who did were likely to retain only those cures which were easily administered within the home. There were virtually no reported instances of anybody having contracted one of the ethnic illnesses in the recent past. The attenuated nature of the ethnic medical system was accounted for in terms of the local Hispanic community structure and of the local sense of Hispanic group identity. Hispanic community structure is weak due to the small number of Hispanics who reside in Casper, their relatively recent arrival in Casper, their residential dispersal which inhibits the formation of strong neighborhoods, and the absence of formal institutions and organizations which might serve as focal points for community interaction. As a result of this weak community structure ethnic identity is expressed primarily in the domestic sphere rather than the public sphere. The ethnic medical system follows the same pattern, with those elements of the system which require strong community support being cropped and those elements which can be controlled domestically being retained.

Throughout the eighteenth century the majority of the population of Scotland were dependent on their own home remedies for treating illnesses. Early in the century doctors were scarce and the difficulties of travel plus the high fees they charged put their services beyond the reach of most people. Even later in the century when roads improved and an increasing number of medical graduates were trained, in rural Scotland domestic medicine was still the only form of treatment available to many. The sources of eighteenth century domestic remedies were largely the same as the sources of orthodox medicine, namely traditional herbal recipes derived from the ancients, and from the mediaeval herbals. Such remedies were perpetuated by word of mouth, in ballads and songs, and in diaries, letters and kitchen books, as well as in printed books. The present thesis aims to illustrate the type of home remedy used, drawing mainly on primary sources, and using as examples various common eighteenth century ailments, such as scurvy, smallpox, consumption, etc. Home remedies changed little in the course of the century, but orthodox medicine underwent considerable changes meanwhile, with the reform of the Pharmacopoeia and the so-called "rationalisation" of medicine. The result was that home and orthodox remedies diverged and many traditional herbal recipes were discarded by the orthodox medical men, some of which may have been of real therapeutic value. Contrary to expectations, it has been found that home remedies were often less complicated than their contemporary medical counterparts. An attempt has been made to identify botanically the numerous plants mentioned, and to give some indication, in the light of present pharmacological knowledge, of their possible therapeutic value. Future analyses may even show that some of the eighteenth century herbal remedies could prove of clinical value in the future.

D.Litt. et Phil. / Philosophies of health care in South Africa tend to be based on either the medical approach or traditional healing. Psychology and psychotherapy, which occupy a niche within the greater health care system, are similarly predisposed. Focusing mainly on psychotherapy / healing, this research sets out to make some sense of the converging and diverging elements of these two broad systems. The research covers Western healing by exploring the roots of psychotherapy from the earliest written records until the late nineteenth century. A similar exercise is undertaken as regards traditional healing, whose origins are examined by speculating on shamanic healing practices which date back to the furthest reaches of human history. Next contemporary traditional healing in Africa is explored in regard to the cosmology and methodologies of healers. The African anthropological worldview in relation to health and mental health are reviewed, giving special emphasis to the elements of spirituality intrinsic to the approach. The spiritual component is then reviewed in regard to Western psychotherapy in the form of Transpersonal psychotherapy, which has become increasingly prevalent in the last decade. In tying them together, it is noted that most ancient forms of healing are directly linked to the most recent contemporary forms. In order to better understand the processes of modern practitioners, several healers and therapists across the ethnic spectrum were interviewed. Using semi-structured interview techniques followed by a phenomenological analysis, the data was divided into 50 meaning clusters and then rationalised into 10 themes most pertinent to the direction of this project. The ten extracted themes were: Western Models: The effectiveness, use, limitations, and suggestions regarding amendments to Western therapeutic approaches. Therapist Ethnicity: The experiences of Black and White therapists in practice, in regard to ethnic issues. Knowledge of Traditional Healers: The knowledge that Black and White therapists had about the worldview and methodologies of traditional healers. Traditional Healing Scope: The types of problems addressed by traditional healing. Traditional Healing Methods: The techniques and methods employed by traditional healers. Ancestors : The relationship, powers and beliefs about ancestors held by traditional healers and Black therapists. Cosmology: The South African worldview as expressed by traditional healers and Black therapists. Traditional Healing: Miscellaneous Aspects of traditional healing which were relevant but did not fall into other themes. Client Relationship: The nature of the relationship required for effective traditional healing and therapy. Therapist training: The effectiveness, use, limitations, and suggestions regarding amendments to therapy training. Each of the above themes are discussed in detail and the participants’ views on aspects such as training and the approaches to therapy and healing are extracted. The research ends by attempting to draw all the previous information together and give tentative answers to the research question. It is argued that the most fundamental link between psychotherapy and healing takes place in regard to the ‘common factors’ or contextual elements in therapy and healing. In order to make psychotherapy more relevant to Black South Africans, several recommendations are suggested, among them the Africanisation of therapeutic approaches that take into account the practical circumstances of most prospective clients. In addition it is argued that therapy can be more synergistic with healing by drawing on its intrinsic features of spirituality and reconnection. It is also suggested that additional research impetus be given to the development of African models of psychology and therapy. It is not envisaged that Western models will need to be rewritten from scratch, but rather that the particular circumstances of Africa are taken into account.

De par le monde, même dans ses territoires les plus reculés, et depuis des siècles parfois, des hommes et des femmes partagent et cultivent des ressources biologiques et des savoirs qu’ils utilisent pour pratiquer la médecine. Afin de pouvoir se développer, être valorisés ou simplement subsister, ces savoir-faire traditionnels en médecine ont besoin d’être protégés, notamment contre la biopiraterie et les brevets prédateurs. Dans cet objectif, afin de comprendre et d’expliciter le champ des possibilités, la présente étude envisage la protection de ces savoirs traditionnels sous divers angles juridiques qui dépassent généreusement les frontières nationales. À cette fin, elle entreprend de caractériser ce qu’est un savoir-faire traditionnel en médecine et d’en établir un portrait historique et législatif. Elle explore ensuite les possibilités protectrices et les écueils du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, mais aussi de nombreuses ouvertures juridiques existantes. Parmi celles-ci sont présentés des législations sui generis et les principaux accords internationaux, au rang desquels émergent la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) et le Protocole de Nagoya, déclinés par quelques nations dans leur législation, de façon hétérogène. Pour parvenir à ses conclusions, cette recherche s’est appuyée sur un fil conducteur tendu entre deux pays emblématiques, la France et la Chine. / Throughout the world and even in remote territories, and for centuries, men and women grow and share biological resources as well as knowledge which they use to practice medicine. This traditional know-how in medicine need to be protected, in particular against biopiracy and predatory patents in order to be able to develop, be valued or merely exist. To that end, in order to understand and clarify the field of possibilities, this study considers the protection of this traditional knowledge from various legal perspectives which go beyond national borders. This study first undertakes to define what a traditional know-how in medicine is and to establish a historic and legal overview. Then, it explores the protective possibilities and the pitfalls of intellectual property laws as well as the numerous existing legal openings. Among these are presented sui generis legislations and major international agreements, to the rank of which emerge the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB) and the Nagoya Protocol, described in a heterogeneous way by several nations into their legislation. In order to achieve these conclusions, this research relied on a main thread stretched out between two iconic countries, France and China.

Thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Public Sector Monitoring and Evaluation) to the Faculty of Commerce, Law, and Management, University of the Witwatersrand March 2016 / The South African public health care system is and continues to experience shortage of professional health care workers like other developing countries. These professional health care workers leave the country for better salaries and working environment for private sector and developed countries. The aim of the study is to gather and analyse information on how to integrate traditional health practitioners into the South African primary health care system to address the shortage of the health care workers. This qualitative study used a cross-sectional design to explore the perception, knowledge and recommendation of the national and district Department of Health officials, the western practitioners, the traditional practitioners and the SA citizens in Pretoria, South Africa on how to address this problem. Thirteen individual in-depth interviews and one focus group with the four categories of the research participants were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The results indicated that the SA government in partnership with the Interim Traditional Health Practitioners Council have opted for a parallel system to integrate the traditional practitioners into the primary health care level. For the parallel system to be fully implemented there are still issues that need to be achieved by the key stakeholders, one is for the government to build the traditional health care facilities for traditional practitioners, whilst the ITHPC finalise the registration of the traditional practitioners and approval of the Traditional Health Practitioners Regulations of 2015. Lastly, the District Health System has to prepare themselves for a new entrant, which is the traditional health care, into the primary health care to complement the existing system. / MT2017

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / The mini-dissertation investigated the ways in which one qualifies as a traditional healer in Tshivenda. The study has discovered that a person cannot choose to become a traditional healer, he or she is chosen by the ancestors into this profession and they make their wishes known to the person concerned through continuous illness and dreams. Nowadays, there is an increased number of traditional healers in the community. It seems as if the community is confused as to whether all these healers have gone through the proper ways of becoming a traditional healer in Tshivenḓa or they are largely interested in the economic gain.