A solid understanding of basic mathematics is essential for many practical, everyday tasks and good mathematical skills are increasingly necessary in the workplace. For some, however, mathematics can evoke an adverse emotional reaction, increasingly recognised in both psychology and education as 'Mathematics Anxiety' (MA); nationally funded projects are currently undertaking research in this area. Studies show that MA can develop in early childhood and increase in intensity with age; this emphasises the importance of early intervention and educational psychologists are well-placed to promote and support this. Paper One details a systematic literature review evaluating the impact and effectiveness of interventions on the reduction of MA in school-aged children. Nine studies, published between 2010 and 2017, met inclusion criteria and were assessed using quality frameworks. Findings indicated that MA might be amenable to intervention in children aged between seven and eighteen years; potential factors contributing to effective amelioration were identified and discussed. In Paper Two, the relationship between MA and working memory (WM) is highlighted and explored. Having established a possible bi-directional relationship, a quasi-experimental, empirical study aimed to assess the potential benefits of WM training for reducing MA. A comparison group completed activities encompassing many of the potentially effective factors identified in Paper One. 50 children, aged between eight and nine years, participated in six-week long interventions. MA was measured through self-report and qualitative questionnaires; data were analysed quantitatively (using descriptive and inferential statistics) or qualitatively (using content analysis) respectively. Findings question the validity of self-report measures of MA in this age group and implications for effective intervention are considered. Paper Three provides an overview of the concepts of evidence-based practice and practice-based research in addition to considering current literature in relation to effective dissemination of research. Implications resulting from the current research are discussed alongside the proposed dissemination strategy.

While there have been enormous changes in the South African system of education since 1994, the legacy of apartheid and the different education of Black teachers is still evident in township schools. This study examined the practices of mathematics teaching in three township secondary schools by conducting a detailed investigation of eight teachers in three schools. Classroom observations and video recordings of teachers of Grades 10 to 12 served as the main data collection method. A sample of 12 lessons was analysed using the Secondary Teaching Analysis Matrix-Mathematics (STAM-Mathematics) (Gallagher & Parker, 1995) instrument. The researcher used STAM to categorise teachers' classroom practices along a three pronged continuum, namely didactic, transitional and conceptual teaching for the purpose of answering research questions about the content, the teaching, the assessment practices, the interactions between the teacher and the student, and the resource availability. Analysis of the data collected using the 22 STAM descriptors showed that the practices of teaching mathematics in township secondary schools was primarily didactic, with only minimal characteristics of transitional teaching and fewer attributes of conceptual teaching. Identifying the gaps between the teachers' practice and the descriptors for transitional and conceptual teaching with respect to the content, the teaching, the approaches to assessment, interactions between teacher and students, and resources availability has provided insight and a baseline for teacher inservice. Consequently, this study has provided research-based evidence for appropriate intervention to improve mathematics teaching and learning as prioritised by the Department of Education since the creation of the democratic government in 1994. / It is recommended that mathematics teachers in township schools use the STAM instrument in pairs or groups to observe and analyse each other's lessons with particular focus on the 22 descriptors and to use this framework as a guideline for daily lesson preparations and to help guide the teachers from teacher-centred instruction to conceptual instruction. Further, the STAM could be incorporated into teacher education and professional development programs and thereby lead to more conceptual forms of teaching that could contribute towards a greater understanding of mathematics and ultimately raise the pass rate of learners in external examinations at Grade 12.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-03-16T19:07:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Pucetti.pdf: 3032464 bytes, checksum: 861cae91a484e6531a2b22643d60c71d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T19:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Pucetti.pdf: 3032464 bytes, checksum: 861cae91a484e6531a2b22643d60c71d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / This thesis investigates the initial training of mathematics teachers, with reference to discussions and in-depth analysis of the route on this training in Brazil on public policy Mathematics teacher training interfaced with the crisis of degrees and also on the ideas and actions that support the PIBID – Institutional Program Initiation Grant to Teaching and representations of experiences with this program of undergraduate and supervisors (teachers from partner public schools), through Subproject Mathematics, developed into a HEI – higher education institution, community, located in the Greater ABC Paulista region. The reference question pervaded by this research was: "Representations of undergraduate and Supervisors on the development of Subproject Mathematics/PIBID point to effective contributions that denote a more solid formation of licensing (surpassing the theoretical and practical distance) so that the same motive for professional integration in public schools? ". The PIBID is a project of the Federal Government, funded by the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES), which promotes the link between higher education and public schools in order to promote and encourage students of Undergraduate courses for future exercise of the profession. Preliminarily, it is presented an overview of the initial training of the mathematics teacher in the interface between mathematics teacher training for Public Policy and the crisis of degrees, the main authors of reference: Imbernon (2000); Tardif (2008); Valente (1997); D'Ambrósio (1996); Romanelli (2001); Fischmann (2014); Gatti (2010); Bahia (2015); Carlos Chagas Foundation – FCC (2014); Bahia and Souza (2013; 2014); Libâneo (2008); Nóvoa (2009); Franco (2012); Pimenta and Lima (2010), among other authors established in the area. We also conducted a field research with a view to the observations and analysis of the actions taken by the Mathematics Sub-project in the period 2014/2015, the IES investigated. Initially, we have the collaboration of 33 undergraduates participating in the Mathematics Sub-projects in 2014 for the application of a questionnaire with closed questions (for profile) and open questions (on the development of PIBID actions). In order to broaden and deepen some discussions, we selected 6 licensees (among the 33 who answered the questionnaire) and invite the two supervisors accompanying these six undergraduate schools at the time to conduct interviews with a pre-established script. The development of instruments for data collection, the interviews and data analysis, as were references Szymanski (2010) and Franco (2003). After the research application process, there were tabs and data analysis, which revealed the following results: (1) the evaluation of PIBID is strong across the country, as studies by other researchers and in the unanimous opinion of respondents in this work; (2) in view of the subject there is a direct link between improvements applied to teacher education in higher education and the improvement of the Brazilian Basic Education; (3) the approach of the University and the school is important for the improvement of initial teacher education and, especially, the Mathematics teachers as resources and teaching practices can contribute to the building of a higher standard of personal safety and professional to the licensees and therefore in better levels of education; (4) respondents recognize the value of methodologies guided in different ways of teaching mathematics as a means for understanding the construction of mathematical knowledge; and (5) the PIBID in Mathematics Sub-projects has contributed to improving the teaching of mathematics and seeks to ensure the motivation for the professional integration of current undergraduates in public schools because 84% of study subjects express the intention to remain in public schools after graduation, although this rate can only be proven in the future. / A presente tese investiga o processo de formação inicial de professores de Matemática, tendo como referência discussões e análises aprofundadas sobre o percurso acerca desta formação no Brasil, sobre as políticas públicas de formação de professores de Matemática em interface com a crise das licenciaturas e, também, sobre as concepções e ações que embasam o PIBID – Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência e as representações das experiências com este Programa, de licenciandos e supervisoras (professoras das escolas públicas parceiras), por meio do Subprojeto de Matemática, desenvolvido em uma IES – Instituição de Ensino Superior, comunitária, localizada na região do Grande ABC Paulista. A questão de referência que perpassou por esta investigação foi: “As representações de Licenciandos e Supervisoras sobre o desenvolvimento do Subprojeto de Matemática/PIBID apontam para contribuições efetivas que denotem uma formação mais sólida do licenciando (superando o distanciamento teórico-prático) de forma que o mesmo se motive para uma inserção profissional na rede pública de ensino?”. O PIBID é um projeto do Governo Federal, financiado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), que promove a articulação entre a Educação Superior e a escola pública, de modo a valorizar e incentivar os alunos dos cursos de Licenciaturas para o exercício futuro da profissão. Preliminarmente, é apresentado um panorama sobre a formação inicial do professor de Matemática em interface com as Políticas Públicas de formação de professores de Matemática e a crise das licenciaturas, tendo como autores principais de referência: Imbernón (2000); Tardif (2008); Valente (1997), D´Ambrósio (1996); Romanelli (2001); Fischmann (2014); Gatti (2010), Bahia (2015), Fundação Carlos Chagas – FCC (2014); Bahia e Souza (2013; 2014); Libâneo (2008); Nóvoa (2009); Franco (2012); Pimenta e Lima (2010), entre outros autores consagrados na área. Realizamos, também, uma pesquisa de campo com vistas às observações e análises das ações realizadas pelo Subprojeto de Matemática no período 2014/2015, da IES investigada. Inicialmente, contamos com a colaboração de 33 licenciandos que participavam do Subprojeto de Matemática em 2014 para a aplicação de um questionário com questões fechadas (para perfil) e questões abertas (sobre o desenvolvimento das ações do PIBID). Com vistas a ampliarmos e aprofundarmos algumas discussões, selecionamos 6 licenciandos (dentre os 33 que responderam ao questionário) e convidamos as 2 supervisoras que acompanhavam estes 6 licenciandos nas escolas, à época, para a realização de entrevistas com um roteiro preestabelecido. A elaboração dos instrumentos para a coleta de dados, a realização das entrevistas e a análise dos dados, tiveram como referências Szymanski (2010) e Franco (2003). Após o processo de aplicação da pesquisa, foram realizadas as tabulações e análises dos dados, que revelaram os seguintes resultados: (1) a avaliação do PIBID é bastante positiva em território nacional, conforme estudos desenvolvidos por outros pesquisadores e na opinião unânime dos entrevistados que participaram deste trabalho; (2) na opinião dos sujeitos existe uma ligação direta entre melhorias aplicadas à formação docente em nível superior e o aperfeiçoamento da Educação Básica brasileira; (3) a aproximação da Universidade e da escola é importante para a melhoria da formação inicial dos professores e, em especial, dos professores de Matemática, visto que os recursos e as práticas pedagógicas podem contribuir para a edificação de um padrão de maior segurança pessoal e profissional para os licenciandos e, por consequência, em melhores níveis de ensino; (4) os entrevistados reconhecem o valor das metodologias pautadas em formas diferenciadas de ensinar a Matemática como meio para a compreensão da construção do conhecimento matemático; e (5) o PIBID, no Subprojeto de Matemática, tem contribuído para a melhoria do ensino da Matemática e busca assegurar a motivação para a inserção profissional dos atuais licenciandos nas escolas públicas, pois 84% dos sujeitos da pesquisa manifestam a intenção de permanecerem na rede pública de ensino após a formatura, apesar de que este índice somente poderá ser comprovado futuramente

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-18T13:37:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Jaqueline_2017.pdf: 786639 bytes, checksum: 6f08e8bb45e7c4a697e00688d4bef47d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-18T13:37:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Jaqueline_2017.pdf: 786639 bytes, checksum: 6f08e8bb45e7c4a697e00688d4bef47d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-18T13:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Jaqueline_2017.pdf: 786639 bytes, checksum: 6f08e8bb45e7c4a697e00688d4bef47d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T13:37:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Jaqueline_2017.pdf: 786639 bytes, checksum: 6f08e8bb45e7c4a697e00688d4bef47d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The purpose of this paper is to report a research linked to the Observatory of Education Program and to the Group of Studies and Research on Educational Practices in Mathematics (GEPRAEM). It was developed in the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - Sorocaba campus. The question that guided the study was: Which perceptions about formation and mathematical knowledge seem to support the research that discusses the mathematical formation of the polyvalent teacher? In view of these questions, the objectives of this research are: to make it possible to understand that when discussing the mathematical training offered in the courses of Pedagogy, the formation of a professional working in the context of polyvalence is being problematized; Identify definitions of mathematical knowledge; To characterize the movement of appropriation of repertoires and knowledge related to the mathematical knowledge of the teaching professional that works in the context of polyvalence and offer subsidies to (re) think the models of their formation. The research is structured from the perspective of qualitative analysis and methodology integrates the mapping of the productions within a temporal cut and the perspective of the metaanalysis. The data collection was based on the mapping and analysis of the research published in the National Meeting of Mathematics Education (ENEM) and the International Symposium on Mathematical Education (SIPEM) that deal with the mathematical education of the pedagogue. For the analysis, theoretical methodological references on teacher education were used, especially on the mathematical formation of the polyvalent teacher, among them are the studies of CURI (2004); CURI & PIRES (2013); D'AMBRÓSIO (1993); PONTE (2008); RIBEIRO (2016). The results indicate: a great variety of points of view in the mathematical formation of the polyvalent teacher; Tendency to favor methodological aspects of Mathematics; Concern with the modification of teachers' beliefs and conceptions about Mathematics, their teachinglearning and the need to think about the context of polyvalence as the main source of action of the polyvalent teacher. Considering the indissociability with other disciplines and the development of autonomy in the child as a condition of the work of the polyvalent teacher implies principles that reinforce the relevance of the relationship between the subjects in the teaching-learning process. It implies recognizing the existence of a professional who is responsible for the development of the child as a whole. It is, therefore, a subject that allows senses to the teaching-learning process, to meet the needs of the child, that is, to serve as a reference and mediator of these actions. / O presente trabalho tem como propósito relatar uma pesquisa vinculada ao Programa Observatório da Educação e ao Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa sobre Práticas Educativas em Matemática (GEPRAEM) e foi desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) – campus Sorocaba. A questão que norteou o estudo foi: Quais percepções sobre formação e conhecimento matemático parecem fundamentar as pesquisas que discutem a formação matemática do professor polivalente? Diante desses questionamentos os objetivos dessa pesquisa são: viabilizar o entendimento de que ao discutir a formação matemática oferecida nos cursos de Pedagogia se está problematizando a formação de um profissional que atua no contexto da polivalência; Identificar definições de conhecimento matemático; Caracterizar o movimento de apropriação de repertórios e saberes relacionados ao conhecimento matemático do profissional docente que atua no contexto da polivalência e oferecer subsídios para se (re) pensar os modelos de sua formação. A pesquisa estrutura-se a partir da perspectiva de análise qualitativa e metodologia integra o mapeamento das produções dentro de um recorte temporal e a perspectiva da metanálise. A coleta de dados ocorreu a partir do mapeamento e análise das pesquisas publicadas no Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática (ENEM) e no Simpósio Internacional de Educação Matemática (SIPEM) que versam sobre a formação matemática do pedagogo. Para análise foram utilizados referenciais teóricos metodológicos sobre a formação de professores, em especial sobre a formação matemática do professor polivalente, dentre eles estão os estudos de CURI (2004); CURI & PIRES (2013); D’AMBRÓSIO (1993); PONTE (2008); RIBEIRO (2016). Os resultados indicam: grande variedade de pontos de vista na formação matemática do professor polivalente; tendência em privilegiar aspectos metodológicos da Matemática; preocupação com a modificação das crenças e concepções dos professores sobre a Matemática, seu ensino-aprendizagem e a necessidade de pensar o contexto da polivalência como principal fonte de atuação do professor polivalente. Considerar a indissociabilidade com outras disciplinas e o desenvolvimento da autonomia na criança como condição do trabalho do professor polivalente, implica princípios que reforçam a relevância da relação entre os sujeitos no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Implica reconhecer a existência de um profissional que se coloca como responsável no desenvolvimento da criança como um todo. Trata-se, portanto, de um sujeito que possibilita sentidos ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, para atender as necessidades da criança, ou seja, para servir como referência e mediador dessas ações. / OBEDUC-CAPES 11634

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-03-28T18:52:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaUtsumi.pdf: 3579279 bytes, checksum: f9e49a3bffbed0748954b44f0e4e5078 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T18:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaUtsumi.pdf: 3579279 bytes, checksum: f9e49a3bffbed0748954b44f0e4e5078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-20 / This study highlights the initial training of elementary school mathematics teachers (early years), in the course of degree in Pedagogy and aims at setting the necessary knowledge to university teachers (trainers).The research on the training needs of the trainer teacher must articulate the discussion on the teaching of mathematical content, as well as on the methodological approaches in the teaching of mathematics, considering the need of the intersection of specific mathematical content and didactic and pedagogical issues. In this context, such knowledge must be complementary, in that the teacher takes the decisions regarding what to teach and how to teach. The proposed research conducted a literature review of the history of the teaching of mathematics and didactics for Elementary Education, interfaced with the training of teachers. The field research provided data collection through a questionnaire and interviews, with the reference Szymanski (2002, 2004) and Franco (2003) for data analysis. In 2013 students data were collected from a course of the Greater ABC Paulista region of Education, through a questionnaire. In 2014 were collected mathematics teachers data of elementary school (early years and later years), undergraduate teachers in undergraduate courses in Education and Mathematics, students of undergraduate courses in Education and Mathematics, as well as educators who work the continued training of mathematics teachers of basic education. In order to contemplate the different views and perspectives that dialogue with the issue of training of mathematics teachers, in particular, the training of teachers who teach mathematics in the early years of elementary school, the discussion of the data it is anchored in the theoretical authors reference as Almeida and Pimenta (2011); Cunha (1989, 2014); Curi (2004, 2005, 2006); D'Ambrosio (1986, 1996, 2011); Freire (1977, 1996); Garcia, Alves and Libâneo (2012); Machado (2012); Megid (2013, 2015); Miguel and Miorim (2004); Ortega (2008, 2011, 2012); Pimenta (2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2010); Santos (2005, 2012, 2014); Schliemann and Carraher (2006); Smole and Diniz (2001); Tardif (2000, 2001, 2002); Utsumi (2003); Utsumi and Lima (2008); among other authors. The results indicate that teachers in training and at work graduates in mathematics also need to deepen the field of mathematical education content; both students of undergraduate courses in pedagogy as undergraduate courses in mathematics advertise their training gaps in terms of the need for greater access to and knowledge of methodological approaches guided by the current trends of the teaching of mathematics. In this sense, the analysis of the survey data confirms the need to consider the much-vaunted inseparability of content and form in the formation of undergraduate course of mathematics teachers in pedagogy and, as a result, the necessary relentless pursuit of Mathematics continuing education for the trainer of teachers of this course, on and from their own training needs in order to make possible the progressive and desired democratization of access to mathematical knowledge by pupils and students in the early years of elementary school. / O presente estudo coloca em evidência a formação inicial dos professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental (anos iniciais), no curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia e tem como objetivo a configuração dos saberes necessários aos docentes universitários (os formadores). A pesquisa acerca das necessidades formativas do docente formador deve articular a discussão sobre o ensino dos conteúdos matemáticos, assim como sobre as abordagens metodológicas no ensino da Matemática, ao considerar a necessidade da intersecção entre conteúdos matemáticos específicos e questões didático-pedagógicas. Neste contexto, tais conhecimentos devem ser complementares, na medida em que o professor assume a tomada de decisões relativas a o que ensinar e a como ensinar. A investigação proposta realizou uma revisão da literatura sobre o histórico do ensino da Matemática e da didática para o Ensino Fundamental, em interface com a formação de professores. A pesquisa de campo previu a coleta de dados por meio da aplicação de questionário e realização de entrevistas, tendo como referência Szymanski (2002, 2004) e Franco (2003) para a análise dos dados. Em 2013 foram coletados dados de alunos de um curso de Pedagogia da região do Grande ABC Paulista, por meio de questionário. Em 2014 foram coletados dados de professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental (anos iniciais e anos finais), de professores de graduação nos cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia e Matemática, de alunos de cursos de graduação em Pedagogia e Matemática, bem como de educadores que atuam na formação continuada de professores de Matemática da Educação Básica. De maneira a contemplar os diferentes olhares e perspectivas que dialogam com a questão da formação de professores de Matemática, em especial, a formação de professores que ensinam Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, a discussão dos dados ancorou-se nos referenciais teóricos de autores como: Almeida e Pimenta (2011); Cunha (1989, 2014); Curi (2004, 2005, 2006); D’Ambrosio (1986, 1996, 2011); Freire (1977, 1996); Garcia, Alves e Libâneo (2012); Machado (2012); Megid (2013, 2015); Miguel e Miorim (2004); Ortega (2008, 2011, 2012); Pimenta (2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2010); Santos (2005, 2012, 2014); Schliemann e Carraher (2006); Smole e Diniz (2001); Tardif (2000, 2001, 2002); Utsumi (2003); Utsumi e Lima (2008); dentre outros autores. Os resultados indicam que os professores em formação e em atuação licenciados em Matemática igualmente necessitam aprofundar o domínio dos conteúdos matemáticos de ensino; que tanto os alunos dos cursos de graduação em Pedagogia como dos cursos de graduação em Matemática anunciam suas lacunas formativas em termos da necessidade de maior acesso e conhecimento das abordagens metodológicas pautadas nas tendências atuais da didática da Matemática. Nesse sentido, a análise dos dados da pesquisa confirma a necessidade de se considerar a tão proclamada indissociabilidade entre conteúdo e forma na formação de professores de Matemática do curso de graduação em Pedagogia e, em decorrência disso, a necessária busca incessante de formação Matemática continuada por parte do formador de professores deste curso, com base e a partir de suas necessidades formativas próprias, a fim de possibilitar a progressiva e desejada democratização do acesso ao saber matemático por parte dos alunos e alunas dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental

The use of technology in Kindergarten to grade 12 classrooms provides opportunities for teachers to employ mathematical rigor, to integrate problem solving strategies and to extend mathematical ways of knowing (Drier, Dawson, & Garofalo, 1999). The presentation consists of two parts. One investigation maps secondary mathematics technology lessons and materials to the elementary school mathematics standards and converts the mathematics concepts to manageable elementary school lessons. The other investigation analyzes pre-service teacher lessons written using ASSURE instructional design format. The major aims of this paper are to present two teacher preparation practices, one for secondary mathematics pre-service teachers (converting secondary materials to elementary materials) and the other for elementary mathematics pre-service teachers (writing lessons using the ASSURE model).

In this paper the notion of “mathematics profiles” and “instructional behaviour profiles is introduced. A brief explanation of what these profiles are and how they were constructed and represented for preservice mathematics teachers is provided. An example of one of the participants’ profiles is included as an example. The influence of the pre-service teachers’ mathematics profiles on their instructional behaviour is then discussed. This is done with regard to using the mathematics profiles as a potential tool to optimise the development of pre-service mathematics teachers’ instructional behaviour towards a more reform-oriented approach.