The highly competitive environment in which businesses operate today requires a skilful workforce in every organisation in order to remain a successful player in the competitive game of the industry. One of the main problems which occur in the workplace is the lack of training. A large number of employees can appear dissatisfied (Heinemann and Greenberger, 2002) due to being assigned responsibilities without-having the right knowledge and skills in that area. Training is an essential process which should be cautiously designed and implemented within all firms. The overall aim of this dissertation is to assess the importance of training- in work field.For many years now human capital has been regarded as vital for the efficient functioning of an organisation because of its contribution in improving productivity, business performance and economic growth (Schultz, 1961). Therefore it is important to invest in human resources through training (Lucas, 1988) in order to improve the competitive position of the firm, and because of the enhanced quality, innovation, continual increased productivity and in turn improved profitability that can be achieved through this (Taylor and Davies, 2004).Throughout this research the training system in Hilton Hotel will be examined and appropriate recommendations for a more effective training system will be given where appropriate. The overall aim of this study is to assess the importance of training in hospitality industry.

The problem of this study is the effect of two training models on personnel who teach moderately and severely retarded children. The subjects of this study were sixty-two staff members who work with the moderately and severely retarded pupils in two large metropolitan school systems. Eighteen teachers, eighteen aides, and twenty-six volunteers participated in the study. Two observation instruments administered by trained observers were used as pre- and post-tests to measure the trainees' competencies in applying operant conditioning techniques in both group and one-to-one instructional situations. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare the effectiveness of an experiential model and a didactic model in preparing personnel to deliver cues and reinforcers when working with moderately and severely retarded children; (2) to compare the costs of equipment and supervisory personnel; and (3) to examine the relationship between the trainees' effectiveness of delivering cues and reinforcers to a group of moderately and severely retarded youngsters and the on-task behavior of those students. This report concludes that the trainees' self-evaluation of the training models indicated that they prefer simulated techniques and feedback, which denotes that the Experiential Model may foster certain kinds of incidental learning such as physical mannerisms and visual cues. The Experiential Model was superior in teaching trainees to cue in a one-to one teaching situation.

The traditional approaches to training surgeons are becoming increasingly difficult to apply to modern surgical procedures. The development of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) techniques demands new and complex psychomotor skills, and means that the apprentice-based system described by 'see one, do one, teach one' can no longer be expected to fully prepare surgeons for operations on real patients, placing patient safety at risk. The use of cadavers and animals in surgical training raises issues of ethics, cost and anatomical similarity to live humans. Endoscopic sinus surgery involves further risk to the patient due to the proximity of vital structures such as the brain, eyes, optic nerve and internal carotid artery. In recent years, simulation has been used to overcome these problems, exposing surgeons to complex procedures in a safe environment, similarly to its use in aviation. However, the cases simulated in this manner may not be customised by training staff to present desired pathology. This thesis describes the design and development of a new tool for the creation of customised cases for the training of sinus surgery. Users who are inexperienced and non-skilled in the use of three-dimensional (3D) Computer Aided Design (CAD) modelling software may use the tool to implement pathology to the virtual sinus model, which was constructed from real CT data. Swelling is applied in five directions (four horizontal, one vertical) to the cavity lining of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. Tumours are individually customised and positioned in the frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. The customised CAD model may then be latterly manufactured using Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) to produce the complex anatomy of the sinuses in a full colour physical part for the realistic simulation of surgical procedures. An investigation into the colouring of the physical model is also described, involving the study of endoscopic videos to ascertain realistic shades. The program was evaluated by a group of medical professionals from a range of fields, and their feedback was taken into account in subsequent redevelopment of the program, and to suggest further work.

This study investigated the effectiveness of three in—service training models in humanizing teachers' attitudes toward children. Each model was analyzed separately and then compared with each of the others. The purposes of this study were to determine whether teachers, after participating in one of three in-service models, would experience positive changes in attitudes toward children and would maintain these changes for at least three months. The findings of this study support the conclusion that none of the three in-service programs, as conducted in this study, were effective in changing teachers' attitudes. Possibly the in-service programs lacked cohesiveness and continuity owing to the time intervals between the four sessions. Another possible explanation for the ineffectiveness of the programs is found in the relatively short duration of the programs.

The study centres on the development of a didactically justified design model of a competency based modular training system for the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. The design model is represented in a diagram form identifying the components of the design model in relation to their systems function. The components of the design model are; training needs analysis, aims and objectives of training, the learner initial situation, the code of practice for training within industry, the pre-interactive training phase, the interactive training phase and training outcomes. Checklists are developed for using the design model as well as some practical examples of the implementation of the design model in creating a training system which features sound andragogic didactic principles and practices. The use of the design model enables the development of a practical competency based modular training system which meets the unique requirements of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

The study centres on the development of a didactically justified design model of a competency based modular training system for the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. The design model is represented in a diagram form identifying the components of the design model in relation to their systems function. The components of the design model are; training needs analysis, aims and objectives of training, the learner initial situation, the code of practice for training within industry, the pre-interactive training phase, the interactive training phase and training outcomes. Checklists are developed for using the design model as well as some practical examples of the implementation of the design model in creating a training system which features sound andragogic didactic principles and practices. The use of the design model enables the development of a practical competency based modular training system which meets the unique requirements of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-24T18:55:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Sivonaldo de Melo Sales.pdf: 2717745 bytes, checksum: 14edb0a72fbeb00d1f8ab2a373319dc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-24T18:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Sivonaldo de Melo Sales.pdf: 2717745 bytes, checksum: 14edb0a72fbeb00d1f8ab2a373319dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / Apresentamos nossa pesquisa de mestrado que buscou investigar as ações de formação continuada implementadas nas Redes Municipais de Ensino da Microrregião do Vale do Ipojuca no Agreste Pernambucano para os professores que ensinam nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e, em particular, aquelas que focam o Ensino de Matemática. Como referencial teórico apoiamo-nos nos estudos de autores da área da Educação e da Educação Matemática. Para a coleta dos dados utilizamos os seguintes instrumentos: conversas iniciais, com o intuito de obter as primeiras informações sobre o campo de investigação; questionário semiestruturado, aplicado a diferentes participantes (diretores de ensino, coordenadores pedagógicos ou de área e secretários executivos de ensino, dentre outros); entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a finalidade de complementar as respostas obtidas com os instrumentos precedentes; análise documental, de documentos fornecidos pelas redes de ensino sobre as ações de formação no município no período de 2010 a 2014. Para a análise dos dados, baseamo-nos nas seguintes categorias: ações primárias, associadas aos programas e projetos ofertados pelo Ministério da Educação, Secretarias de Educação e por Organizações não Governamentais; e, ações secundárias, caracterizadas por palestras, aulas atividades, seminários, encontros pedagógicos, dentre outras ações correlatas. Também tentamos aproximar as ações de formação continuada com as características dos modelos de racionalidade técnica e racionalidade prática. Como ações do tipo primárias, identificamos nas Redes Municipais de Ensino investigadas dois programas de formação que contemplam o Ensino de Matemática o Programa Qualiescola II e o Programa Gestão da Aprendizagem Escolar (GESTAR II). Quanto às ações do tipo secundária, as análises revelam que raramente elas abordam o Ensino de Matemática. Um dos principais resultados da pesquisa aponta para uma certa omissão por parte das redes de ensino investigadas quanto à implementação de uma política de formação continuada para os professores e, em particular, para aqueles que ensinam Matemática nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. / We present our master ́s research who sought to investigate the continuing education action research implemented in the micro-region of the Teaching Municipal Networks Ipojuca Valley in Agreste Pernambucano for teachers who teach in the final years of primary education and, in particular, those that focus on Education Mathematics. As a theoretical framework we support the studies of authors in the field of Education and Mathematics Education. To collect the data we used the following instruments: initial conversations, in order to obtain the first information about the research field; semi-structured questionnaire, applied to different participants (school directors, coordinators or area, and teaching executive secretaries, among others); semi-structured interviews, in order to complement the responses obtained with previous instruments; documentary analysis of documents provided by the school systems on training activities in the municipality in the period 2010 to 2014. For the data analysis, we rely on the following categories: primary actions associated with the programs and projects offered by the Ministry of Education, Departments of Education and non-governmental organizations; and secondary actions, characterized by lectures, classes, activities, seminars, educational meetings, among other related actions. We also tried to approximate the continuous training activities with the characteristics of technical rationality models and practical rationality. As the primary type actions identified in the investigated Teaching Municipal Network two training programs that include the Teaching of Mathematics - the Qualiescola II Programme and the School Learning Management Programme (GESTAR II). As for the actions of the secondary type, the analysis reveals that they rarely approach the Teaching of Mathematics. One of the main results of the research points to a certain failure on the part of the investigated educational networks, as the implementation of a continuing education policy for teachers and, in particular, to those who teach Mathematics in the final years of elementary school.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-20T12:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Sivonaldo de Melo Sales.pdf: 2717745 bytes, checksum: 14edb0a72fbeb00d1f8ab2a373319dc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T12:47:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Sivonaldo de Melo Sales.pdf: 2717745 bytes, checksum: 14edb0a72fbeb00d1f8ab2a373319dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-25 / Apresentamos nossa pesquisa de mestrado que buscou investigar as ações de formação continuada implementadas nas Redes Municipais de Ensino da Microrregião do Vale do Ipojuca no Agreste Pernambucano para os professores que ensinam nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e, em particular, aquelas que focam o Ensino de Matemática. Como referencial teórico apoiamo-nos nos estudos de autores da área da Educação e da Educação Matemática. Para a coleta dos dados utilizamos os seguintes instrumentos: conversas iniciais, com o intuito de obter as primeiras informações sobre o campo de investigação; questionário semiestruturado, aplicado a diferentes participantes (diretores de ensino, coordenadores pedagógicos ou de área e secretários executivos de ensino, dentre outros); entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a finalidade de complementar as respostas obtidas com os instrumentos precedentes; análise documental, de documentos fornecidos pelas redes de ensino sobre as ações de formação no município no período de 2010 a 2014. Para a análise dos dados, baseamo-nos nas seguintes categorias: ações primárias, associadas aos programas e projetos ofertados pelo Ministério da Educação, Secretarias de Educação e por Organizações não Governamentais; e, ações secundárias, caracterizadas por palestras, aulas atividades, seminários, encontros pedagógicos, dentre outras ações correlatas. Também tentamos aproximar as ações de formação continuada com as características dos modelos de racionalidade técnica e racionalidade prática. Como ações do tipo primárias, identificamos nas Redes Municipais de Ensino investigadas dois programas de formação que contemplam o Ensino de Matemática o Programa Qualiescola II e o Programa Gestão da Aprendizagem Escolar (GESTAR II). Quanto às ações do tipo secundária, as análises revelam que raramente elas abordam o Ensino de Matemática. Um dos principais resultados da pesquisa aponta para uma certa omissão por parte das redes de ensino investigadas quanto à implementação de uma política de formação continuada para os professores e, em particular, para aqueles que ensinam Matemática nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. / We present our master´s research who sought to investigate the continuing education action research implemented in the micro-region of the Teaching Municipal Networks Ipojuca Valley in Agreste Pernambucano for teachers who teach in the final years of primary education and, in particular, those that focus on Education Mathematics. As a theoretical framework we support the studies of authors in the field of Education and Mathematics Education. To collect the data we used the following instruments: initial conversations, in order to obtain the first information about the research field; semi-structured questionnaire, applied to different participants (school directors, coordinators or area, and teaching executive secretaries, among others); semi-structured interviews, in order to complement the responses obtained with previous instruments; documentary analysis of documents provided by the school systems on training activities in the municipality in the period 2010 to 2014. For the data analysis, we rely on the following categories: primary actions associated with the programs and projects offered by the Ministry of Education, Departments of Education and non-governmental organizations; and secondary actions, characterized by lectures, classes, activities, seminars, educational meetings, among other related actions. We also tried to approximate the continuous training activities with the characteristics of technical rationality models and practical rationality. As the primary type actions identified in the investigated Teaching Municipal Network two training programs that include the Teaching of Mathematics - the Qualiescola II Programme and the School Learning Management Programme (GESTAR II). As for the actions of the secondary type, the analysis reveals that they rarely approach the Teaching of Mathematics. One of the main results of the research points to a certain failure on the part of the investigated educational networks, as the implementation of a continuing education policy for teachers and, in particular, to those who teach Mathematics in the final years of elementary school.

The main objective of every school should be to provide quality teaching and learning. To be able to achieve these goals, a school needs adequate resources. Quality educators are vital in this regard. According to Clarke (2009) in “School Management&Leadership”, Graham Hall of the Wits School of Education estimates that South Africa needs to recruit at least 20 000 teachers a year. This number merely serves to replace those teachers who leave the system annually. Since local training institutions deliver only 7 500 qualified teachers every year, it means that there is an annual shortfall of 12 500 (Clarke, 2009). The challenge of teacher shortages needs to be addressed urgently. One option may be to give aspirant teachers the opportunity to do in-service training, also known as school-based educator training or an internship. However, this creates new challenges –one of which is that different role players need to take responsibility for this method of teacher training. The involvement of the school is obvious, because it plays host to these students. Many schools reacted positively to the request made by the Department of Education to assist with educator training. This unfortunately resulted in such schools burdening their already overworked workforce with even more responsibility. Furthermore, although a school may be willing to contribute to teacher training by accommodating and assisting student teachers, it cannot be assumed that its management will act responsibly and accountably. Only limited guidelines, regulations and prescriptions for managing the student training programme exist at this stage. This means that every school acts in good faith and hopes that it will hit the target. The limited nature of these regulations also allows for the school-based educator training programme to be easily mismanaged or even misused. A more streamlined, uniform system is needed, without limiting the creativity of schools. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

In order to fulfil its missionary task the church needs good leaders. However, there is a huge shortage of leaders and many of the people who step forward to fill the gap, are not trained. This study looks at what is needed in a training system to produce enough of the right kind of leaders to lead the church in fulfilling its missionary task. However, training people has little value if they are not going to be given the opportunity to take part in the ministry. This leads to the conclusion that the church does not only need the right training system, it also has to break with the Professional Church Model, so that the priesthood of all believers will not continue to be a theological assertion only, but become an experiential reality. In this light the study then evaluates the two major models used by the church to prepare its leaders, namely the Traditional Residential Academic Model and Theological Education by Extension. The evaluation shows that the Traditional Residential Academic Model has serious weaknesses. Theological Education by Extension introduced a new paradigm, namely in-service training. It overcomes many of the weaknesses of the Traditional Residential Academic Model, but it also has its share of problems. The Daystar Training Model is then introduced and evaluated. It takes the in-service paradigm further and overcomes some of the problems that Theological Education by Extension could not solve. The evaluation shows that Daystar has the potential to provide the leaders the church needs to fulfil its missionary task. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted