Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Menegat.pdf: 795829 bytes, checksum: 94bc3d43f28b9c27945251528cbeb43c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to address some aspects of Niccolò Tartaglia's (1500-1556) different arguments on the trajectories of projectiles. On one hand, at Nova Scientia (1537), the author explained that the trajectories were composed by two straight lines and a circular arc; on the other, at Quesiti et Inventioni Diverse (1546), the same trajectories were presented only as curves. These two different approaches to the trajectory of projectiles suggested to some historians that Tartaglia had changed his mind, leaving, in a way, his old beliefs. Thus, based on original documents, this paper seeks to resume Tartaglia arguments in order to understand the reasons which would have led him to change his approaches in those two works. Despite other factors, we present evidence that Tartaglia had, around 1540, come in contact with works that had almost none circulation before. With this in mind, our work provides evidence that there is some continuity between the arguments of Tartaglia on the trajectories in these two works / Este trabalho tem por objetivo tratar alguns aspectos das diferentes argumentações de Niccolò Tartaglia (1500-1556) sobre as trajetórias dos projéteis. Na Nova Scientia (1537), as trajetórias seriam compostas por duas retas e um arco de circunferência. Já nos Quesiti et Inventioni Diverse (1546), elas são apresentadas completamente curvas. Esses dois enfoques diferentes dados ao tema sugeriram a alguns historiadores que Tartaglia teria mudado de ideia, abandonando, de certa maneira, suas antigas convicções. Desse modo, baseado em documentos originais, este trabalho busca retomar os argumentos de Tartaglia de modo a compreendermos as razões que o teriam levado a dar dois diferentes enfoques nas duas obras. Dentre outros fatores, apresentamos indícios de que Tartaglia passou a contar, por volta de 1540, com obras anteriormente desconhecidas e que pouco circulavam até então. Tendo isso em vista, nosso trabalho fornece indícios de que podemos observar certa continuidade entre as argumentações de Tartaglia sobre as trajetórias nessas duas obras

Η σύγχρονη επιστήμη της εξωτερικής βλητικής έχει εξελιχθεί ως εξειδικευμένος κλάδος της δυναμικής των στερεών σωμάτων, που κινούνται υπό την επίδραση της βαρύτητας και των αεροδυναμικών δυνάμεων και ροπών. Στην παρούσα διατριβή μελετάται η προσομοίωση του δυναμικού μοντέλου ατμοσφαιρικής τροχιάς των 6 βαθμών ελευθερίας (6-DOF), εφαρμόζεται για ακριβή πρόβλεψη τροχιών από διάφορες γωνίες βολής σε μικρά και σε μεγάλα βεληνεκή και γίνεται σύγκριση με το γραμμικό μοντέλο τροχιάς, για περιστρεφόμενα ή μη περιστρεφόμενα βλήματα και σφαίρες λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τον αριθμό Mach και τις μεταβολές της συνολικής γωνίας εκτροπής σε σχέση με τους μεταβλητούς και σταθερούς αεροδυναμικούς συντελεστές. Επίσης, μελετώνται τα δύο είδη ευστάθειας του βλήματος: η στατική ή γυροσκοπική ευστάθεια που αφορά τη στατική θέση ισορροπίας του βλήματος και η δυναμική ευστάθεια που αφορά την κινητική του κατάσταση. Η λύση της διαφορικής εξίσωσης για ολοκληρωμένη ή απλοποιημένη κίνηση περιστρεφόμενων αξονοσυμμετρικών βλημάτων, μπορεί να μας περιγράψει την ακρογωνιαία φύση της επικυκλικής κίνησης των βλημάτων. Τέλος, αναπτύσσεται νέα σχέση υπολογισμού της επίδρασης του φαινόμενου της αεροδυναμικής αναπήδησης της ταχύτητας για περιστρεφόμενα βλήματα τα οποία πυροδοτούνται οριζόντια από μεταβλητές γωνίες, μέσα από ιπτάμενο όχημα (ελικόπτερο, πολεμικό αεροπλάνο). / On the battlefield, it is well known that the target effects using artillery systems diminish exponentially with the number of rounds fired at a particular target. To maximize target effects, rounds must be designed to hit a target with a minimum number of rounds that impact the target in rapid succession. The modern science of the exterior ballistics has evolved as a specialized branch of the dynamics of rigid bodies, moving under the influence of gravitational and aerodynamic forces and moments. The six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) simulation flight dynamics model is applied for the accurate prediction of short and long-range trajectories of high and low fin spin-stabilized projectiles and small bullets. Variable coefficients of aerodynamic forces, moments and Magnus effects are taken into account depending on Mach number and total angle of attack variations. The above analysis is compared to the modified linear modified simulation model for rapid trajectory predictions and high accuracy impact point computations for constant and variable aerodynamic coefficients is also applied for the accurate prediction of short and long range trajectories. The computational results of the proposed synthesized analysis give satisfactory agreement with other technical data and recognized exterior atmospheric projectile flight investigations. The variable modified atmospheric flight model can be further coupled to a suitable trajectory tracking control system for current and future control actions applied to projectiles for minimizing the estimated error to target impact area. Epicyclic motion and gyroscopic stability analysis are also examined for spinning and non-spinning projectiles. A new engineering correlation is proposed for the flat-fire disturbance due to aerodynamic jump performance firing at different angles which relative to the helicopter’s flight path motion. The computational results of the generalized aerodynamic jump formula are verified compared to McCoy’s recognized simulation modelling.