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In this dissertation, new model reference adaptive control architectures are presented with stability, performance, and robustness considerations, to address challenges related to the verification of adaptive control systems. The challenges associated with the transient performance of adaptive control systems is first addressed using two new approaches that improve the transient performance. Specifically, the first approach is predicated on a novel controller architecture, which involves added terms in the update law entitled artificial basis functions. These terms are constructed through a gradient optimization procedure to minimize the system error between an uncertain dynamical system and a given reference model during the learning phase of an adaptive controller. The second approach is an extension of the first one and minimizes the effect of the system uncertainties more directly in the transient phase. In addition, this approach uses a varying gain to enforce performance bounds on the system error and is further generalized to adaptive control laws with nonlinear reference models. Another challenge in adaptive control systems is to achieve system stability and a prescribed level performance in the presence of actuator dynamics. It is well-known that if the actuator dynamics do not have sufficiently high bandwidth, their presence cannot be practically neglected in the design since they limit the achievable stability of adaptive control laws. Another major contribution of this dissertation is to address this challenge. In particular, first a linear matrix inequalities-based hedging approach is proposed, where this approach modifies the ideal reference model dynamics to allow for correct adaptation that is not affected by the presence of actuator dynamics. The stability limits of this approach are computed using linear matrix inequalities revealing the fundamental stability interplay between the parameters of the actuator dynamics and the allowable system uncertainties. In addition, these computations are used to provide a depiction of the feasible region of the actuator parameters such that the robustness to variation in the parameters is addressed. Furthermore, the convergence properties of the modified reference model to the ideal reference model are analyzed. Generalizations and applications of the proposed approach are then provided. Finally, to improve upon this linear matrix inequalities-based hedging approach a new adaptive control architecture using expanded reference models is proposed. It is shown that the expanded reference model trajectories more closely follow the trajectories of the ideal reference model as compared to the hedging approach and through the augmentation of a command governor architecture, asymptotic convergence to the ideal reference model can be guaranteed. To provide additional robustness against possible uncertainties in the actuator bandwidths an estimation of the actuator bandwidths is incorporated. Lastly, the challenge presented by the unknown physical interconnection of large-scale modular systems is addressed. First a decentralized adaptive architecture is proposed in an active-passive modular framework. Specifically, this architecture is based on a set-theoretic model reference adaptive control approach that allows for command following of the active module in the presence of module-level system uncertainties and unknown physical interconnections between both active and passive modules. The key feature of this framework allows the system error trajectories of the active modules to be contained within apriori, user-defined compact sets, thereby enforcing strict performance guarantees. This architecture is then extended such that performance guarantees are enforced on not only the actuated portion (active module) of the interconnected dynamics but also the unactuated portion (passive module). For each proposed adaptive control architecture, a system theoretic approach is included to analyze the closed-loop stability properties using tools from Lyapunov stability, linear matrix inequalities, and matrix mathematics. Finally, illustrative numerical examples are included to elucidate the proposed approaches.

Two new methods for the simulation of gas turbine fuel systems, one based on an inter-component volume (ICV) method, and the other based on the iterative Newton Raphson (NR) method, have been developed in this study. They are able to simulate the performance behaviour of each of the hydraulic components such as pumps, valves, metering unit of a fuel system, using physics-based models, which potentially offer more accurate results compared with those using transfer functions. A transient performance simulation system has been set up for gas turbine engines based on an inter-component volume (ICV). A proportional- integral (PI) control strategy is used for the simulation of engine control systems. An integrated engine and its control and hydraulic fuel systems has been set up to investigate their coupling effect during engine transient processes. The developed simulation methods and the systems have been applied to a model turbojet and a model turboshaft gas turbine engine to demonstrate the effectiveness of both two methods. The comparison between the results of engines with and without the ICV method simulated fuel system models shows that the delay of the engine transient response due to the inclusion of the fuel system components and introduced inter-component volumes is noticeable, although relatively small. The comparison of two developed methods applied to engine fuel system simulation demonstrate that both methods introduce delay effect to the engine transient response but the NR method is ahead than the ICV method due to the omission of inter-component volumes on engine fuel system simulation. The developed simulation methods are generic and can be applied to the performance simulation of any other gas turbines and their control and fuel systems. A sensitivity analysis of fuel system key parameters that may affect the engine transient behaviours has also been achieved and represented in this thesis. Three sets of fuel system key parameters have been introduced to investigate their sensitivities, which are, the volumes introduced for ICV method applied to fuel system simulation; the time constants introduced into those first order lags tosimulate the valve movements delay and fuel spray delay effect; and the fuel system key performance and structural parameters.

Distributed generation for consumer applications is a relatively new field and it is difficult to satisfy both cost and performance targets. High expectations coupled with extreme cost cutting to compete with traditional technologies make converter design difficult. As power electronics mature more opportunities arise for entry into this lucrative area. An excellent understanding of converter dynamics is crucial in producing a well performing and cost competitive system. The six-switch single-phase inverter proposed in this thesis is a prime candidate for use in single households and small businesses. Its compact size and compatibility with existing electrical standards make its integration easy. However, little work is available on characterizing the system from a controls point of view. In particular balancing the two outputs with an uneven load is a concern. This thesis uses nodal and loop analysis to formulate a mathematical model of the six-switch single-phase inverter. A non-linear time invariant model is constructed for circuit simulation; details found in real circuits are added. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) configuration is used for more accurate simulation. In fact, its use makes for an almost seamless transition between simulation and hardware experimentation. A detailed explanation of the HIL system developed is presented. The system is simulated under various load conditions. Uneven loads and lightly loaded conditions are thoroughly examined. Controllers are verified in simulation and then are tested on real hardware using the HIL system. DC bus disturbance rejection and non-linear loads are also investigated. Acceptable inverter performance is demonstrated without expensive current sensors or high sampling frequency. / Master of Science

Presented in this thesis is the development of a high-fidelity aerothermal model for GE T700 turboshaft engine. The model was constructed using thermodynamic relations governing change of flow properties across engine components, and by applying real component maps for the compressor and turbines as well as empirical relations for specific heats. Included in the model were bleed flows, turbine cooling and heat sink effects. Transient dynamics were modeled using inter-component volumes method in which mass imbalance between two engine components was used to calculate the inter-component pressure. This method allowed fast, high-accuracy and iteration-free calculation of engine states. Developed simulation model was successfully validated against previously published simulation results, and was applied in the simulation of inlet distortion and engine deterioration. Former included simulation of steady state and transient hot gas ingestion as well as transient decrease in the inlet total pressure. Engine deterioration simulations were performed for four different cases of component deterioration with parameters defining engine degradation taken from the literature. Real time capability of the model was achieved by applying time scaling of plenum volumes which allowed for larger simulation time steps at very little cost of numerical accuracy. Finally, T700 model was used to develop a generic model by replacing empirical relations for specific heats with temperature and FAR dependent curve fits, and scaling T700 turbine maps. Developed generic aerothermal model was applied to simulate steady state performance of the Lycoming T53 turboshaft engine.

Neste momento o Brasil possui uma das mais renováveis matrizes energéticas do mundo, mas o desafio de reduzir os níveis de emissão, permitir o crescimento econômico e atender a aproximadamente um milhão de pessoas sem energia elétrica no pais, requer a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que possibilitem a utilização de fontes limpas e sustentáveis de energia, como é a energia eólica. A energia eólica é considerada, entre as alternativas renováveis existentes, a mais viável no mercado de energia, devido à baixa relação custo/benefício de exploração, tendo apresentado um crescimento exponencial ao longo dos anos. Os principais sistema eólicos classificam-se de acordo com sua operação em dois tipos: sistemas com operação a velocidade fixa e sistemas com operação a velocidade variável. Durante muitos anos a liderança do mercado foi para os geradores que operam a velocidade fixa, sendo a máquina mais usada o gerador de indução de rotor em gaiola (SCIG). A partir do ano 2000, a supremacia no mercado passou a ser para o gerador de velocidade variável. Hoje, tem-se dois tipos de geradores amplamente utilizados em sistemas eólicos que operam a velocidade variável: o gerador síncrono e o gerador de indução com rotor bobinado. Neste trabalho será estudada uma das máquinas que operam a velocidade variável e utilizam geradores de indução com rotor bobinado: o gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (DFIG). Sua importância é principalmente o controle independente da potência ativa e da potência reativa fornecida para a rede elétrica, e à operação com máxima eficiência na conversão de energia. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa de um sistema de geração utilizando máquinas do tipo DFIG com quatro estratégias de controle: controle da potência ativa e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da potência reativa e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da velocidade de rotação e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da potência ativa e da potência reativa fornecidas pela máquina ao sistema. Esta análise é feita comparando o comportamento do sistema quando sujeito a diversas situações, tais como: variações da demanda de potência da carga elétrica, variações do torque mecânico e ocorrência de uma falta trifásica. O desempenho de sistemas de geração eólica com SCIG também é incluído nesta análise para ilustrar de maneira quantitativa os ganhos obtidos com o uso do DFIG. Os resultados obtidos ilustram as virtudes de cada uma das diferentes possibilidades de modos de operação do DFIG em um sistema de distribuição e permitem uma melhor compreensão da vantagem do desempenho do DFIG em relação à utilização do SCIG. / At present Brazil has one of the most renewable energy matrices in the world, but the challenge of reducing emission levels, allowing the economic growth, and helping about 1 million people without electric energy in the country, requires research and development of new technologies that enable the use of clean and sustainable energy sources, such as wind power. Wind energy is considered among the existing renewable alternatives the more viable in the energy market, due to the low cost / benefit ratio of exploitation, having experienced exponential growth over the years. The wind system are classified according to their operation into two types: operating systems with fixed speed and systems with variable speed operation. For many years the leadership in the market was for fixed speed generator, being the most used machine, the induction generator rotor cage (SCIG). From 2000, the leadership in the market was for variable speed wind turbine. Today, there are two types of wind generators widely used in systems that operate at variable speed: synchronous generator and generator with wound rotor induction. In this work we will study one of the machines that operate at variable speed and use induction generators with wound rotor: the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Its importance is mainly the independent control of active power and reactive power supplied to the grid, and operating at maximum efficiency in energy conversion. In this context, this work presents a comparative analysis of a generation system using DFIG type machines with four control strategies: control of active power and voltage at the terminals of the machine, control of reactive power and voltage at the machine terminals, control the rotational speed and tension in the machine terminals, control of active power and reactive power supplied by the machine. This analysis is done by comparing the behavior of the system when subjected to various situations, such as variations in power demand of electric load, changes in the mechanical torque and the occurrence of a three-phase fault. The performance of wind power generation systems with SCIG is also included in this analysis to illustrate quantitatively the gains obtained using DFIG. The results illustrate the virtues of each of the different possible operating modes of the DFIG in a distribution system and allow a better understanding of the performance advantage of the machine DFIG over the use of the machine SCIG.

Neste momento o Brasil possui uma das mais renováveis matrizes energéticas do mundo, mas o desafio de reduzir os níveis de emissão, permitir o crescimento econômico e atender a aproximadamente um milhão de pessoas sem energia elétrica no pais, requer a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que possibilitem a utilização de fontes limpas e sustentáveis de energia, como é a energia eólica. A energia eólica é considerada, entre as alternativas renováveis existentes, a mais viável no mercado de energia, devido à baixa relação custo/benefício de exploração, tendo apresentado um crescimento exponencial ao longo dos anos. Os principais sistema eólicos classificam-se de acordo com sua operação em dois tipos: sistemas com operação a velocidade fixa e sistemas com operação a velocidade variável. Durante muitos anos a liderança do mercado foi para os geradores que operam a velocidade fixa, sendo a máquina mais usada o gerador de indução de rotor em gaiola (SCIG). A partir do ano 2000, a supremacia no mercado passou a ser para o gerador de velocidade variável. Hoje, tem-se dois tipos de geradores amplamente utilizados em sistemas eólicos que operam a velocidade variável: o gerador síncrono e o gerador de indução com rotor bobinado. Neste trabalho será estudada uma das máquinas que operam a velocidade variável e utilizam geradores de indução com rotor bobinado: o gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (DFIG). Sua importância é principalmente o controle independente da potência ativa e da potência reativa fornecida para a rede elétrica, e à operação com máxima eficiência na conversão de energia. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa de um sistema de geração utilizando máquinas do tipo DFIG com quatro estratégias de controle: controle da potência ativa e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da potência reativa e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da velocidade de rotação e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da potência ativa e da potência reativa fornecidas pela máquina ao sistema. Esta análise é feita comparando o comportamento do sistema quando sujeito a diversas situações, tais como: variações da demanda de potência da carga elétrica, variações do torque mecânico e ocorrência de uma falta trifásica. O desempenho de sistemas de geração eólica com SCIG também é incluído nesta análise para ilustrar de maneira quantitativa os ganhos obtidos com o uso do DFIG. Os resultados obtidos ilustram as virtudes de cada uma das diferentes possibilidades de modos de operação do DFIG em um sistema de distribuição e permitem uma melhor compreensão da vantagem do desempenho do DFIG em relação à utilização do SCIG. / At present Brazil has one of the most renewable energy matrices in the world, but the challenge of reducing emission levels, allowing the economic growth, and helping about 1 million people without electric energy in the country, requires research and development of new technologies that enable the use of clean and sustainable energy sources, such as wind power. Wind energy is considered among the existing renewable alternatives the more viable in the energy market, due to the low cost / benefit ratio of exploitation, having experienced exponential growth over the years. The wind system are classified according to their operation into two types: operating systems with fixed speed and systems with variable speed operation. For many years the leadership in the market was for fixed speed generator, being the most used machine, the induction generator rotor cage (SCIG). From 2000, the leadership in the market was for variable speed wind turbine. Today, there are two types of wind generators widely used in systems that operate at variable speed: synchronous generator and generator with wound rotor induction. In this work we will study one of the machines that operate at variable speed and use induction generators with wound rotor: the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Its importance is mainly the independent control of active power and reactive power supplied to the grid, and operating at maximum efficiency in energy conversion. In this context, this work presents a comparative analysis of a generation system using DFIG type machines with four control strategies: control of active power and voltage at the terminals of the machine, control of reactive power and voltage at the machine terminals, control the rotational speed and tension in the machine terminals, control of active power and reactive power supplied by the machine. This analysis is done by comparing the behavior of the system when subjected to various situations, such as variations in power demand of electric load, changes in the mechanical torque and the occurrence of a three-phase fault. The performance of wind power generation systems with SCIG is also included in this analysis to illustrate quantitatively the gains obtained using DFIG. The results illustrate the virtues of each of the different possible operating modes of the DFIG in a distribution system and allow a better understanding of the performance advantage of the machine DFIG over the use of the machine SCIG.

Neste momento o Brasil possui uma das mais renováveis matrizes energéticas do mundo, mas o desafio de reduzir os níveis de emissão, permitir o crescimento econômico e atender a aproximadamente um milhão de pessoas sem energia elétrica no pais, requer a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que possibilitem a utilização de fontes limpas e sustentáveis de energia, como é a energia eólica. A energia eólica é considerada, entre as alternativas renováveis existentes, a mais viável no mercado de energia, devido à baixa relação custo/benefício de exploração, tendo apresentado um crescimento exponencial ao longo dos anos. Os principais sistema eólicos classificam-se de acordo com sua operação em dois tipos: sistemas com operação a velocidade fixa e sistemas com operação a velocidade variável. Durante muitos anos a liderança do mercado foi para os geradores que operam a velocidade fixa, sendo a máquina mais usada o gerador de indução de rotor em gaiola (SCIG). A partir do ano 2000, a supremacia no mercado passou a ser para o gerador de velocidade variável. Hoje, tem-se dois tipos de geradores amplamente utilizados em sistemas eólicos que operam a velocidade variável: o gerador síncrono e o gerador de indução com rotor bobinado. Neste trabalho será estudada uma das máquinas que operam a velocidade variável e utilizam geradores de indução com rotor bobinado: o gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (DFIG). Sua importância é principalmente o controle independente da potência ativa e da potência reativa fornecida para a rede elétrica, e à operação com máxima eficiência na conversão de energia. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa de um sistema de geração utilizando máquinas do tipo DFIG com quatro estratégias de controle: controle da potência ativa e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da potência reativa e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da velocidade de rotação e da tensão nos terminais da máquina, controle da potência ativa e da potência reativa fornecidas pela máquina ao sistema. Esta análise é feita comparando o comportamento do sistema quando sujeito a diversas situações, tais como: variações da demanda de potência da carga elétrica, variações do torque mecânico e ocorrência de uma falta trifásica. O desempenho de sistemas de geração eólica com SCIG também é incluído nesta análise para ilustrar de maneira quantitativa os ganhos obtidos com o uso do DFIG. Os resultados obtidos ilustram as virtudes de cada uma das diferentes possibilidades de modos de operação do DFIG em um sistema de distribuição e permitem uma melhor compreensão da vantagem do desempenho do DFIG em relação à utilização do SCIG. / At present Brazil has one of the most renewable energy matrices in the world, but the challenge of reducing emission levels, allowing the economic growth, and helping about 1 million people without electric energy in the country, requires research and development of new technologies that enable the use of clean and sustainable energy sources, such as wind power. Wind energy is considered among the existing renewable alternatives the more viable in the energy market, due to the low cost / benefit ratio of exploitation, having experienced exponential growth over the years. The wind system are classified according to their operation into two types: operating systems with fixed speed and systems with variable speed operation. For many years the leadership in the market was for fixed speed generator, being the most used machine, the induction generator rotor cage (SCIG). From 2000, the leadership in the market was for variable speed wind turbine. Today, there are two types of wind generators widely used in systems that operate at variable speed: synchronous generator and generator with wound rotor induction. In this work we will study one of the machines that operate at variable speed and use induction generators with wound rotor: the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Its importance is mainly the independent control of active power and reactive power supplied to the grid, and operating at maximum efficiency in energy conversion. In this context, this work presents a comparative analysis of a generation system using DFIG type machines with four control strategies: control of active power and voltage at the terminals of the machine, control of reactive power and voltage at the machine terminals, control the rotational speed and tension in the machine terminals, control of active power and reactive power supplied by the machine. This analysis is done by comparing the behavior of the system when subjected to various situations, such as variations in power demand of electric load, changes in the mechanical torque and the occurrence of a three-phase fault. The performance of wind power generation systems with SCIG is also included in this analysis to illustrate quantitatively the gains obtained using DFIG. The results illustrate the virtues of each of the different possible operating modes of the DFIG in a distribution system and allow a better understanding of the performance advantage of the machine DFIG over the use of the machine SCIG.

No description available.

Les émetteurs-récepteurs actuels tendent à devenir multi-standards c’est-àdireque plusieurs standards de communication peuvent cohabiter sur la même puce. Lespuces sont donc amenées à traiter des signaux de formes très différentes, et les composantsanalogiques subissent des contraintes de conception de plus en plus fortes associées au supportdes différentes normes. Les auto-interférences, c’est à dire les interférences généréespar le système lui-même, sont donc de plus en plus présentes, et de plus en plus problématiquesdans les architectures actuelles. Ces travaux s’inscrivent dans le paradigmede la « radio sale » qui consiste à accepter une pollution partielle du signal d’intérêtet à réaliser, par l’intermédiaire d’algorithmes, une atténuation de l’impact de ces pollutionsauto-générées. Dans ce manuscrit, on s’intéresse à différentes auto-interférences(phénomène de "spurs", de "Tx leakage", ...) dont on étudie les modèles numériques etpour lesquelles nous proposons des stratégies de compensation. Les algorithmes proposéssont des algorithmes de traitement du signal adaptatif qui peuvent être vus comme des« algorithmes de soustraction de bruit » basés sur des références plus ou moins précises.Nous dérivons analytiquement les performances transitionnelles et asymptotiques théoriquesdes algorithmes proposés. On se propose également d’ajouter à nos systèmes unesur-couche originale qui permet d’accélérer la convergence, tout en maintenant des performancesasymptotiques prédictibles et paramétrables. Nous validons enfin notre approchesur une puce dédiée aux communications cellulaires ainsi que sur une plateforme de radiologicielle. / Radio frequency transceivers are now massively multi-standards, which meansthat several communication standards can cohabit in the same environment. As a consequence,analog components have to face critical design constraints to match the differentstandards requirements and self-interferences that are directly introduced by the architectureitself are more and more present and detrimental. This work exploits the dirty RFparadigm : we accept the signal to be polluted by self-interferences and we develop digitalsignal processing algorithms to mitigate those aforementioned pollutions and improve signalquality. We study here different self-interferences and propose baseband models anddigital adaptive algorithms for which we derive closed form formulae of both transientand asymptotic performance. We also propose an original adaptive step-size overlay toimprove transient performance of our method. We finally validate our approach on a systemon chip dedicated to cellular communications and on a software defined radio.