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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Propriedades de vesículas unilamelares gigantes / Properties of Giant Unillamelar Vesicles

Pavanelli, David Domingues 01 September 2006 (has links)
A estabilidade de vesículas unilamelares gigantes (GUVs) foi monitorada através de microscopia de contraste de fase e de fluorescência, com o auxílio de gradientes de açúcares, do fluoróforo 1,3,6,8 pireno tetrasulfonato de sódio (PTS), do supressor de fluorescência cloreto de 1,1\'-dimetil-4,4\'-bipiridínio (MV) e do análogo lipídico fluorescente 2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-il) amino) dodecanoil-1-hexadecanoil-sn-glicero-3-fosfocolina (NBD-PC). Uma grande variabilidade no comportamento individual das GUVs foi obtida no que tange a: (i) manutenção do meio interno; (ii) interações da bicamada lipídica com superfícies e; (iii) estruturas lipídicas conectadas à bicamada. Os resultados experimentais podem ser explicados pelo aparecimento de poros transientes formados pelo aumento da tensão da bicamada lipídica das GUVs. Após o processo de geração de tensão na bicamada, poros são abertos para relaxação desta tensão, com concomitante efluxo da solução internalizada pela GUV, devido a pressão de Laplace. Com a diminuição do volume interno, a tensão da bicamada é relaxada e o fechamento dos poros guiado pela tensão de linha, minimizando o componente energético de curvatura dos lipídios nas bordas do poro. O modelo de poros transientes explica resultados como troca de massa entre meios interno e externo das GUVs, possibilidade da existência de fluxos unilaterais em GUVs, transitoriedade dos poros, diâmetro limite dos poros e manutenção do meio interno em GUVs após abertura e fechamento de poros. / The stability of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has been monitored by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, using sugar gradients, sodium 1,3,6,8 pirene tetrasulfonate (PTS) as fluorescent probe, 1,1\'-dimethyl-4,4\'-bipiridinium chloride (MV) as fluorescence quencher and 2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-il) amino) dodecanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glicero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-PC) as fluorescent lipid analog. An accentuated variability in the individual behaviour of GUVs was observed as far as (i) stability of encapsulation; (ii) lipid bilayer-surface interactions and; (iii) lipid structures connected to GUVs are concerned. Experimental results can be explained by transient pores formation due to an increase in lipid bilayer tension. After processes of bilayer tension generation, pores are opened, while effluxes of GUVs internal solution are promoted by Laplace pressure. With the internal volume decrease, bilayer tension is relaxed and pores closure guided by line tension, minimizing the energetic component of lipid curvature in pore edges. Transient pores model explains experimental results such as mass exchange between internal and external GUVs media, GUVs effluxes, pores\' lifetime, pores diameter\'s limit and stability of GUV encapsulation after opening and closure of pores.
2

Localised dosing and nanodetection using a novel scanning ion conductance microscope and its application to Alzheimer's disease

Chen, Wei-Hsin Chen January 2018 (has links)
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a technique for non-contact topographic imaging. In this thesis, a biophysical investigation into Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was carried, with toxic oligomers dosed locally and quantitatively on to single astrocytes using SICM and simultaneously monitoring the response of the target cell. Examination of the effectiveness of antibodies that bind to Abeta or alpha-synuclein (Asyn)peptides depends on the measurement of oligomer-induced abnormal calcium homeostasis in single astrocytes. The method was shown to work at physiological concentrations of oligomers. A series of experiments measuring the reduction in calcium inux in mixtures of antibodies and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients suggested that the binding to co-oligomers composed of Abeta and Asyn may be crucial in the treatment of AD. Furthermore, it may be beneficial to test antibodies before the clinical trial using this assay. The mechanism of this entry of calcium is hypothesised to be the result of the formation of oligomer-induced transient pores in the cell membrane. To verify this hypothesis, a new SICM instrument was built with two nanopipettes; one for dosing and one for detection of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from these pores. A variety of different ATP sensors were made. The best had a sensitivity of 10 micro molar and works as a hexokinase-cofunctioned electrolyte-gated organic field-effect-transistor. However no statistically significant results for ATP release have been obtained in the experiments performed to date. Overall this thesis describes new biophysical methods to study the effect of protein aggregates on live cells and the effectiveness of potential therapies, such as antibodies and nanobodies, to reduce these aggregate induced effects. It can be applied to synthetic aggregates of Abeta or the aggregates present in human CSF.
3

Propriedades de vesículas unilamelares gigantes / Properties of Giant Unillamelar Vesicles

David Domingues Pavanelli 01 September 2006 (has links)
A estabilidade de vesículas unilamelares gigantes (GUVs) foi monitorada através de microscopia de contraste de fase e de fluorescência, com o auxílio de gradientes de açúcares, do fluoróforo 1,3,6,8 pireno tetrasulfonato de sódio (PTS), do supressor de fluorescência cloreto de 1,1\'-dimetil-4,4\'-bipiridínio (MV) e do análogo lipídico fluorescente 2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-il) amino) dodecanoil-1-hexadecanoil-sn-glicero-3-fosfocolina (NBD-PC). Uma grande variabilidade no comportamento individual das GUVs foi obtida no que tange a: (i) manutenção do meio interno; (ii) interações da bicamada lipídica com superfícies e; (iii) estruturas lipídicas conectadas à bicamada. Os resultados experimentais podem ser explicados pelo aparecimento de poros transientes formados pelo aumento da tensão da bicamada lipídica das GUVs. Após o processo de geração de tensão na bicamada, poros são abertos para relaxação desta tensão, com concomitante efluxo da solução internalizada pela GUV, devido a pressão de Laplace. Com a diminuição do volume interno, a tensão da bicamada é relaxada e o fechamento dos poros guiado pela tensão de linha, minimizando o componente energético de curvatura dos lipídios nas bordas do poro. O modelo de poros transientes explica resultados como troca de massa entre meios interno e externo das GUVs, possibilidade da existência de fluxos unilaterais em GUVs, transitoriedade dos poros, diâmetro limite dos poros e manutenção do meio interno em GUVs após abertura e fechamento de poros. / The stability of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has been monitored by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, using sugar gradients, sodium 1,3,6,8 pirene tetrasulfonate (PTS) as fluorescent probe, 1,1\'-dimethyl-4,4\'-bipiridinium chloride (MV) as fluorescence quencher and 2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-il) amino) dodecanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glicero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-PC) as fluorescent lipid analog. An accentuated variability in the individual behaviour of GUVs was observed as far as (i) stability of encapsulation; (ii) lipid bilayer-surface interactions and; (iii) lipid structures connected to GUVs are concerned. Experimental results can be explained by transient pores formation due to an increase in lipid bilayer tension. After processes of bilayer tension generation, pores are opened, while effluxes of GUVs internal solution are promoted by Laplace pressure. With the internal volume decrease, bilayer tension is relaxed and pores closure guided by line tension, minimizing the energetic component of lipid curvature in pore edges. Transient pores model explains experimental results such as mass exchange between internal and external GUVs media, GUVs effluxes, pores\' lifetime, pores diameter\'s limit and stability of GUV encapsulation after opening and closure of pores.

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