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The present diploma thesis is focused on the history of Czech translations from Portuguese and Brazilian literatures between 1898, when the first book translation from Portuguese was published, and 1948, when the Czechoslovak coup d'état took place, causing changes in the reception of foreign literatures. The first part of the thesis includes a theoretical model of research in the history of translation, a list of examined translations, a brief summary of Czech- Portuguese and Czech-Brazilian relations, an insight into Czech publishing activity and a reflection on Portuguese language literatures in Czech periodicals. The second part of the thesis deals with all sixteen book translations and, to a limited extent, also magazine and manuscript translations. This part presents information about the original books and their authors and it deals with the circumstances of the origin and publication of their translations, the personalities of the translators, publishers and, last but not least, the reception of the translations on the Czech literary scene. Key words History of Translation, Reception of Portuguese and Brazilian Literature, Portuguese Literature, Brazilian Literature