Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão constituídas de circuitos simples ou duplos, admitindo trechos não transpostos e com derivações, além de terminais com medições dessincronizadas. O método utiliza os fasores de tensão e corrente, pré-falta e pós-falta, medidos nos terminais, local e remoto, para determinar as informações da falta, as quais são: trecho de ocorrência, distância, resistência e tipo. O método de localização de faltas proposto neste trabalho é composto pelo: processo de obtenção dos fasores, onde os sinais de tensão e corrente são filtrados; algoritmo de montagem da matriz de admitâncias da rede; algoritmo de estimativa de cargas e algoritmo de localização de faltas. O método desenvolvido tem como principal característica a localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão constituídas por circuito duplo com derivações utilizando dados de somente dois terminais, não descartando a possibilidade da utilização de dados de outros terminais caso disponíveis, e a pesquisa por trechos da rede através da minimização de funções objetivo. Para avaliar a eficiência do método de localização de faltas desenvolvido, diversas simulações foram realizadas no programa ATP (Alternative Transient Program), tais como: variação da distância de falta, da resistência de falta e do tipo de falta, bem como simulações de erros no módulo e no ângulo dos fasores, erros nos parâmetros da linha de transmissão e erros nos equivalentes. / In this work was developed a fault location method on transmission lines constituted of single or double circuits, allowing non-transposed lines sections, with derivations. The method uses the pre-fault and post-fault voltage and current phasors measured at local and remote terminals to determine the fault information, which are: section of occurrence, distance, resistance and, type. The fault location method proposed in this work is composed by: phasor obtaining process, where the voltage and current phasors are filtered; the network\'s admitance matrix building process; the load estimation algorithm and; the fault location algorithm. The developed method has as main features the fault location on double circuit transmission lines with derivations using data of two terminals only, without discarding the possibility of using another terminals data, case available, and the search for the fault location on transmission line\'s sections by objective functions minimization. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the developed fault location method, a lot of simulations were conducted in ATP (Alternative Transient Program), such as: fault distance, resistance and, type variations as well as errors on phasors\' module and angle, transmission line parameters and, terminals\' equivalent.

O fenômeno \"crosstalk\" constitui-se de acoplamentos eletromagnéticos não intencionais entre condutores. Motivado pela importância deste fenômeno para a área de Compatibilidade Eletromagnética, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de análise do fenômeno através do aplicativo SPICE considerando-se configurações compostas por condutores múltiplos. A proposta de desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional de simulação do fenômeno utilizando uma versão estudantil, com livre acesso, possibilita, entre outras coisas, a disseminação de um modelo alternativo, simples e eficaz, e a inclusão do estudo do \"crosstalk\" no conteúdo programático de cursos de Graduação ou Pós-graduação. Para este fim, adotou-se um modelo de simulação de acoplamento eletromagnético com base em modelos de linha de transmissão. Tal modelo é complementado com geradores vinculados controlados por tensão e corrente, que representam fontes de interferência eletromagnética. Em face de limitações dos blocos funcionais que representam essas fontes no aplicativo, foi utilizado em um primeiro instante um método de representação do modelo através de arquivos-texto, ao invés da utilização da interface gráfica existente no software. Posteriormente, novos blocos foram desenvolvidos e acrescentados à biblioteca, tornando possível à aplicação dessa interface diretamente nas simulações. A validação do modelo foi feita, inicialmente, comparando-se os resultados simulados àqueles disponíveis na literatura internacional. Além disto, foi desenvolvida uma bancada experimental para comprovação dos resultados e validação do modelo implementado no aplicativo SPICE através de casos simples do fenômeno. Esses resultados mostram a viabilidade da utilização dos componentes desenvolvidos para o aplicativo, tornando possível e confiável o uso dessa ferramenta na simulação do fenômeno \"crosstalk\". Passou-se então a aplicação da ferramenta desenvolvida a sistemas mais complexos com um número superior de condutores. / This work presents an approach, in which the well-known SPICE simulator is used as a tool to simulate the phenomenon crosstalk. Basically, it is based on transmission line model, where the electromagnetic interferences are simulated by controlled voltage and current sources. Due to the limitations of the available Spice models concerning multiconductors configurations, additional models were developed and implemented as part of the SPICE library. Theoretical and experimental results were obtained. They were used as part of the validation process of the proposed methodology. The developing of specific models allowed the use of this modeling in SPICE student versions. This turns possible the introduction of crosstalk simulations in undergraduate and graduate courses. Besides, the methodology was applied to complex systems in order to present its versatility.

In the analysis of optically controlled microstrip interdigitated gaps, an equivalent circuit model for simple interdigitated gap is obtained. As far as we know, this is the first report of optically controlled microstrip interdigitated gap equivalent circuit model. The amplitude and phase changes of interdigitated gaps under different illumination powers are calculated with this equivalent circuit model, which basically agree with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the effect on the transmission characteristics from the gap dimensions is also discussed. Finally a novel gap structure is described for optically controlled phase shifter application, whose transmission characteristics have nearly zero amplitude change and no less than 27 degrees phase change under different illumination powers when the transmission signal frequency is about 1.8 to 2.5GHz. Some detailed experimental results of this gap are presented in Chapter 5. / In this dissertation, a systematic work has been done to analyze the transmission characteristics and applications of optically controlled microstrip single gap and interdigitated gap devices on high resistivity silicon (HRS) wafer. Detailed simulations, experiments and the relative equivalent circuit models for these gap structures are presented. / Microwave photonics is a multi-disciplinary area that studies the interactions between microwave signals and optical signals. As one of the key elements, direct optical control of microwave semiconductor devices has been an area of growing interest since 1980's. They can be widely used in picosecond photoconductive switch, phase shifter, attenuator, high-speed sampling, gain control of amplifier and so on. / Some future work is also suggested based on the study in this dissertation. / Specifically, optically controlled microstrip discontinuities devices fabricated on semiconductor substrates have wide-ranging applications due to their simple fabrication, easy integration with other passive and active microwave devices. / When illuminated on the surface of the microstrip single gaps, the S 12 amplitude of this gap increases linearly as the optical illumination increasing, which is a good potential application for digital controllable attenuator. The change of the S12 amplitude is mainly due to the imaginary permittivity change of the HRS substrates. The equivalent circuit model is established to explain the amplitude and phase changed. The equivalent resistors have been calculated according to the excess carrier concentration profile after illumination, which match well with the experimental results. / Li Huiping. / "March 2005." / Adviser: K. T. Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6619. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão constituídas de circuitos simples ou duplos, admitindo trechos não transpostos e com derivações, além de terminais com medições dessincronizadas. O método utiliza os fasores de tensão e corrente, pré-falta e pós-falta, medidos nos terminais, local e remoto, para determinar as informações da falta, as quais são: trecho de ocorrência, distância, resistência e tipo. O método de localização de faltas proposto neste trabalho é composto pelo: processo de obtenção dos fasores, onde os sinais de tensão e corrente são filtrados; algoritmo de montagem da matriz de admitâncias da rede; algoritmo de estimativa de cargas e algoritmo de localização de faltas. O método desenvolvido tem como principal característica a localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão constituídas por circuito duplo com derivações utilizando dados de somente dois terminais, não descartando a possibilidade da utilização de dados de outros terminais caso disponíveis, e a pesquisa por trechos da rede através da minimização de funções objetivo. Para avaliar a eficiência do método de localização de faltas desenvolvido, diversas simulações foram realizadas no programa ATP (Alternative Transient Program), tais como: variação da distância de falta, da resistência de falta e do tipo de falta, bem como simulações de erros no módulo e no ângulo dos fasores, erros nos parâmetros da linha de transmissão e erros nos equivalentes. / In this work was developed a fault location method on transmission lines constituted of single or double circuits, allowing non-transposed lines sections, with derivations. The method uses the pre-fault and post-fault voltage and current phasors measured at local and remote terminals to determine the fault information, which are: section of occurrence, distance, resistance and, type. The fault location method proposed in this work is composed by: phasor obtaining process, where the voltage and current phasors are filtered; the network\'s admitance matrix building process; the load estimation algorithm and; the fault location algorithm. The developed method has as main features the fault location on double circuit transmission lines with derivations using data of two terminals only, without discarding the possibility of using another terminals data, case available, and the search for the fault location on transmission line\'s sections by objective functions minimization. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the developed fault location method, a lot of simulations were conducted in ATP (Alternative Transient Program), such as: fault distance, resistance and, type variations as well as errors on phasors\' module and angle, transmission line parameters and, terminals\' equivalent.

A configuration-oriented circuit model for multiple coupled lines in an inhomogeneous medium is developed and presented in this thesis. This circuit model consists of a network of uncoupled transmission lines and is readily modeled with simulation tools like LIBRA�� and SPICE��. It provides an equivalent circuit representation which is simple and topologically meaningful as compared to the model based on modal decomposition. The configuration-oriented model is derived by decomposing the immittance matrices associated with an n coupled line 2n-port system. Time- and frequency-domain simulations of typical coupled line multiports are included to exemplify the utility of the model. The model is useful for the simulation and design of general single and multilayer coupled line components, such as filters and couplers, and for the investigation of signal integrity issues including crosstalk in interconnects associated with high speed digital and mixed signal electronic modules and packages. It is shown that multiconductor lossless structures in an inhomogeneous medium can be characterized by multiport time-domain reflection (TDR) measurements. A synthesis technique of an equivalent lossless (non-dispersive) uniform multiconductor n coupled lines (UMCL) 2n-port system from the measured discrete time-domain reflection response is presented. This procedure is based on the decomposition of the characteristic immittance matrices of the UMCL in terms of partial mode immittance matrices. The decomposition scheme leads to the discrete transition matrix function of a UMCL 2n-port system. This in turn establishes a relationship between the normal-mode parameters of the UMCL and the measured impulse reflection and transmission response. Equivalence between the synthesis procedure presented in this thesis and the solution of a special form of an algebraic Riccati matrix equation whose solution can lead to the normal-mode parameters and a real termination network is illustrated. In order to demonstrate the procedure, a typical microstrip structure with three lines is synthesized from the time-domain reflection (TDR) data. In order to compliment known field theoretic techniques for characterization of multiconductor structures a network analog method is employed to solve the magnetic vector potential equation to characterize multilayer Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) transmission line structures. This approach leads to the frequency dependent distributed inductance and the resistance matrices of a multilayer MIS transmission line structure. It is shown that the frequency dependent transmission line parameters can be modeled by an efficient quasi-static formulation for all propagating modes including the slow-wave and skin-effect modes. To demonstrate the proposed approach for single and multilevel structures, the frequency dependent distributed inductance and resistance matrices corresponding to the propagating modes classified as the slow-wave and skin-effect modes are calculated and validated by comparison with full-wave solutions. / Graduation date: 1999

The advent of low-cost RFIC's fabricated in Silicon-based technologies has led to the use of monolithic lumped elements which are located on-die. While it is clearly advantageous to have a high degree of integration and thus fewer off chip elements, parasitic losses due to semiconducting substrate effects can be a performance-limiting factor. Microstrip spiral inductors are key components in many high frequency circuit designs, including MMIC's, RFIC's, and mixed-signal modules. However, the losses associated with spirals fabricated in a lossy substrate environment, such as in CMOS and bipolar technologies, are not accurately modeled by the current conventional techniques. This thesis presents a complete modeling technique for spiral inductors over such 'high-loss' substrates. The quasi-static solution for single and coupled Metal-Insulator-Substrate (MIS) microstrip structures has led to the development of methods for calculating the self and mutual line parameters r, l, g, and c, which are in turn utilized in the model for the microstrip spiral inductors in the same environment. The equivalent circuit model for the spiral inductors is based on the conventional low-loss spiral models with the inclusion of frequency-dependent losses due to semiconducting substrates. The distributed model for spirals in CMOS-based RFICs incorporates inductance calculations by the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method, augmented by inductance and resistance calculations for the so-called skin effect mode by the spectral domain technique. In addition, the capacitances and shunt conductances can be computed by a Poisson solver for layered lossy media; both network analog and spectral domain methods are also used to find the shunt admittance per unit length for the microstrip structure as a fundamental element of the spiral. Simulations for typical structures have been performed to validate the modeling techniques via comparison with a commercial simulator and network analyzer measurements for a 9.5 turn spiral in CMOS for RFIC applications. / Graduation date: 1999

Martin Schetzen. / "September 30, 1954." "This report is based on a thesis submitted ... for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Electrical Engineering, M.I.T., 1954. / Bibliography: p. 20. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039 sc-42607 Project 132B Dept. of the Army Project 3-99-12-022

by R.M. Redheffer. / Bibliography: p. 20. / Army Signal Corps Contract no. W-36-039 sc-32037.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006. / "Submitted to Department of Electronic Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis focuses on the analytical modeling of periodic structures which contain bands with multiple modes of propagation. The work is motivated by several structures which exhibit dual-mode propagation bands. Initially, transmission line models are focused on. Transmission line models of periodic structures have been used extensively in a wide variety of applications due to their simplicity and the ease with which one can physically interpret the resulting wave propagation effects. These models, however, are fundamentally limited, as they are only capable of capturing a single mode of propagation. In this work multiconductor transmission line theory, which is the multi-mode generalization of transmission line theory, is shown to be an effective and accurate technique for the analytical modeling of periodically loaded structures which support multiple modes of propagation. Many results from standard periodic transmission line analysis are extended and generalized in the multiconductor line analysis, providing a familiar intuitive model of the propagation phenomena. The shielded Sievenpiper structure, a periodic multilayered geometry, is analyzed in depth, and provides a canonical example of the developed analytical method. The shielded Sievenpiper structure exhibits several interesting properties which the multiconductor transmission line analysis accurately captures. It is shown that under a continuous change of geometrical parameters, the dispersion curves for the shielded structure are transformed from dual-mode to single-mode. The structure supports a stop-band characterized by complex modes, which appear as pairs of frequency varying complex conjugate propagation constants. These modes are shown to arise even though the structure is modeled as lossless. In addition to the periodic analysis, the scattering properties of finite cascades of such structures are analyzed and related to the dispersion curves generated from the periodic analysis. Excellent correspondence with full wave finite element method simulations is demonstrated. In conclusion, a physical application is presented: a compact unidirectional ring-slot antenna utilizing the shielded Sievenpiper structure is constructed and tested.