Transnational security threats are among the most pressing and complicated problems facing both governmental and non-governmental actors in today's world. Human trafficking is one example of contemporary transnational security threat that is relatively less studied compared to other transnational security threats. Because transnational security threats such as human trafficking exist above and outside the boundaries of state control, it may be supposed that a greater degree of supranationalism in the policy responses to them would yield better results in combatting these modern-day ills. Anti-trafficking efforts from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union are examined to assess the impact of degree of supranationalism present in the respective policy responses to determine if any advantage is gained from aligning supranational policies to transnational problems. This question is not answered conclusively due to a lack of supranationalism present in key areas of EU governance responsible for law enforcement efforts.

Boko Haram est un groupe terroriste dont l’épicentre se situe au nord du Nigéria. Ce groupe qui avait au départ comme activité la dénonciation des tares de la société nigériane a plongé dans actions de terrorisme à partir de 2009 suite à la répression militaire de l’armée nigériane. Face à la difficulté du Nigéria de contenir Boko Haram, ce groupe s’est régionalisé, faisant ainsi ressortir les problèmes de coopération sécuritaire régionale dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad et au-delà. Malgré l’application de ces mécanismes régionaux de sécurité, Boko Haram a continué ses activités avec un bilan lourd : plus de 30 000 morts en sept années de conflit armé, plus 1.5 million de réfugiés et déplacés, 4.2 millions de personnes en situation d’insécurité alimentaire et sanitaire. Ceci nous amène à qualifier Boko Haram comme étant un des groupes terroristes islamistes les plus féroces des temps contemporains. En s’appuyant sur des ressources documentaires, ce mémoire vise à expliquer pourquoi les mécanismes régionaux de sécurité n’ont pas permis d’endiguer la menace Boko Haram. Ma démonstration se base sur deux arguments : tout d’abord, l’absence de leadership dans la lutte contre Boko Haram, manifesté par l’attitude du Nigéria au niveau régional et le manque d’intérêt du Tchad, a causé une difficulté d’alliance régionale. Le second argument stipule que la multiplication des organisations régionales dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad a créé des difficultés de coordination entre elles et des problèmes de monopole institutionnel empêchant à ces organisations d’agir efficacement contre le groupe terroriste Boko Haram. / Boko Haram is a terrorist group from northern Nigeria. This group promoting the application of Sharia in northern Nigeria, became a terrorist group in 2009 after military repression by the Nigerian state. With the inability of the Nigerian army to contain this terrorist threat, Boko Haram increased its activities around the Lake Chad Basin and beyond. During several years of Boko Haram's atrocities, one of the most important problems comes from the failure of regional security mechanisms to stem this group. Despite the implementation of these regional security mechanisms, Boko Haram remains a serious threat that has taken a heavy toll: more than 20,000 deaths in seven years of armed conflict, more than 1.5 million refugees and displaced persons, 4.2 million facing health problems and food insecurity. This leads us to consider Boko Haram one of the most ferocious Islamist terrorist groups in modern times. Using resources such as books, scientific articles, newspapers, governments and NGO reports and documents published by international organizations, this thesis seeks to explain why the regional security mechanisms failed to contain Boko Haram. I focus on two arguments: first, the lack of leadership in the fight against Boko Haram, manifested by Nigeria's regional attitude and the lack of interest of Chad, led to the failure of collective action against the Boko Haram phenomenon. Then, the second argument states that the multiplication of regional organizations in the Lake Chad Basin created difficulties of coordination between them and problems of institutional monopoly, preventing these organizations from acting effectively against the terrorist group Boko Haram.