Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroHASL_Dissret.pdf: 4618668 bytes, checksum: 5bca73a0220258bdbd17a75573adb995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / Oral and facial bone defects can undertake appearance, psychosocial well-being and stomathognatic function of its patients. Over the yerars several strategies for bone defect regeneration have arised to treat these pathologies, among them the use of frozen and irradiated bone allograft. Manipulation of bone grafts it s not determined yet, and several osteotomy alternatives can be observed. The present work evaluated with a microscope the bone fragments obtained from different osteotomy methods and irrigation on rings and blocks allografts irradiated and frozen at 80? negative in a rabbit model. The study is experimental in vitro and it sample was an adult male New Zealand rabbit. The animal was sacrificed to obtain long bones, that were submitted to freezing at 80? negative and irradiated with Cobalt- 60. Then the long bones were sectioned into 24 bone pieces, divided into 4 groups: G1 (n=06) osteotomy was performed with bur No. 6 forming rings with 5 mm thickness with high-speed handpiece with manual irrigation; G2 (n=06) osteotomy was performed with bur No. 6 forming rings with 5 mm thick with surgical motor with a manual irrigation rotation 1500 rpm; GA (n=06), osteotomy with trephine using manual irrigation with saline; and GB (n=06), osteotomy with trephine using saline from peristaltic pumps of surgical motor. Five bone pieces of each group were prepared for analysis on light microscopy (LM) and one on electronic scan electronic microscopy (SEM). On the SEM analysis edges surface, presence of microcracks and Smear Layer were evaluated. Analyzing osteotomy technics on SEM was observed: increased presence of microcracks cutting with high speed; increased presence of areas covered by Smear Layer when cutting with motor implant. The irrigation analysis with SEM was observed: that the presence of microcracks does not depend on the type of irrigation; on manual irrigation, there was greater discrepancy between the cutting lines. The descriptive analysis of the osteotomy and irrigation process on LM showed: histological analysis showing the bony margins with clear tissue changed layer, composed of blackened tissue of charred appearance near to the cortical bone; on the edges of the bony part, bone fragments that were displaced during the bone cut and bone irregularities were observed. After analysis of results we can conclude: that there was greater regularity of the bone cut using high-speed handpiece than using motor implant; the cut with trephine using saline irrigated from peristaltic pumps of surgical motor showed greater homogeneity when compared with manual irrigation; charred tissue was found in all obtained bone samples, whit no significant statistically difference on the proportion of carbonization of the two analysed technics / Os defeitos ?sseos bucais e faciais comprometem a apar?ncia, o bem estar psicossocial e a fun??o estomatogn?tica dos seus portadores. Diante da necessidade de tratamento dessas patologias, surgiram, com o decorrer do tempo, diversas estrat?gias para a regenera??o de defeitos ?sseos, dentre elas o uso de aloenxerto ?sseo congelado e irradiado. A manipula??o dos enxertos ?sseos ainda n?o est? determinada, podendo-se observar v?rias alternativas de osteotomia. Este trabalho avaliou microscopicamente os fragmentos ?sseos obtidos por diferentes m?todos de osteotomia e de irriga??o sobre an?is e blocos de aloenxertos irradiados e congelados a 80?C negativos de coelho. O estudo ? do tipo Experimental in vitro e teve como amostra 01 coelho, adulto, da ra?a New Zealand. O animal foi sacrificado para obten??o de ossos longos, os quais foram congelados a 80? negativos e irradiados com Cobalto-60. Em seguida, os ossos foram seccionados em 24 pe?as ?sseas, divididos em quatros grupos: G1 (n=06) foi realizado a osteotomia com broca esf?rica n? 6 formando an?is com 5 mm de espessura com caneta de alta rota??o com irriga??o manual; G2 (n=06) foi realizado a osteotomia com broca esf?rica n? 6 formando an?is com 5 mm de espessura com motor cir?rgico com irriga??o manual a uma rota??o de 1500 rpm; GA (n=06), osteotomia com trefina usando irriga??o manual com soro fisiol?gico; e GB (n=06), osteotomia com trefina usando soro fisiol?gico proveniente de bombas perist?lticas do motor cir?rgico. De cada grupo, cinco pe?as ?sseas foram destinadas ? an?lise em Microscopia de Luz (ML) e uma analisada por Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). A an?lise por ML levou em considera??o a presen?a de tecido carbonizado. Na an?lise por MEV levou em considera??o: superf?cie das bordas; presen?a de microfissuras e Smear Layer. Ao analisar a t?cnica de osteotomia utilizando MEV observa-se: maior presen?a de microfissuras ao corte com alta rota??o; maior presen?a de ?reas cobertas por uma camada de smear layer em cortes com motor de implante. Na analise da irriga??o com MEV observou-se que: a presen?a de microfissuras n?o depende do tipo de irriga??o; na irriga??o manual, verificou-se uma discrep?ncia maior entre as linhas de corte. Ao avaliar descritivamente o processo de osteotomia e irriga??o na ML, verificou-se que: na an?lise histol?gica as margens ?sseas apresentavam uma evidente camada alterada de tecido, composta por um tecido enegrecido de aspecto carbonizado, pr?ximo ao osso cortical; nas margens da pe?a ?ssea foram observados fragmentos ?sseos deslocados durante o corte ?sseo e irregularidades ?sseas. Ap?s an?lise dos resultados, pode-se concluir que: houve maior regularidade do corte ?sseo utilizando caneta de alta rota??o do que motor de implante; o corte com trefina usando irriga??o com bombas perist?lticas do motor de implante se mostrou mais homog?nea quando comparada ? t?cnica com irriga??o manual; tecido carbonizado foi encontrado em todos os esp?cimes ?sseos obtidos, sem diferen?a estatisticamente significativa na propor??o de carboniza??o nas duas t?cnicas de irriga??o estudadas