Both lettuce and pepper crops are routinely grown as transplants in Quebec. Previous research has shown that both of these plants respond well to endomycorrhizae with a resulting improvement in plant growth and yield. Although many studies have been conducted on endomycorrhizal inoculation of transplants most were looking at the end result, i.e. yields, and did not focus on changes occurring at the transplant stage. This series of experiments was conducted to look at the effect of inoculation at the transplant stage. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Parris Island Cos) and pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Hybrid Bell Boy) were inoculated with Glomus intraradix Schenck & Smith and Glomus versiforme (Karst.) Berch. Experiments involved testing the effect of different growing media, different container volumes and different light sources on the growth of endomycorrhizal lettuce and pepper transplants. In all experiments the amount of growth enhancement due to endomycorrhizal inoculation was low or negligible. Colonization rates were generally low, probably due to low light levels. Transplants grown in larger volume containers were generally larger than those grown in smaller containers. The transplants grown in the soil and compost based media were larger than those transplants grown in the artificial media. Growth of lettuce and pepper transplants was affected differently depending on the light source used. Some interactions between the light source and the endomycorrhizal treatments was observed.

No description available.

3 pp. / Problems and pests of cacti, agave, and yuccas / Barrel cactus and Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) are easily transplanted. Procedures for safely and succesfully moving these plants are discussed in this bulletin.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 60 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-60).

Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) is relatively difficult to establish in landscapes. One experiment tested the effect of container size on the water relations of pinebark substrate embedded in field soil. Two other experiments tested the effects of transplant season and container size on landscape establishment of nursery-produced mountain laurel. Experiment one compared volumetric water content of embedded substrate of five sizes (4-L to 100-L) to adjacent field soil at two depths with time domain reflectometry (TDR) during a dry down cycle. Available water was calculated by subtracting unavailable water (estimated with pressure plates) from volumetric water content (TDR measurements). Adjacent soil contained more available water than embedded substrate. The middle depth held more water than the top. Larger pinebark substrate volumes retained higher volumetric water content than smaller volumes. The second experiment consisted of 7.6- and 19-L containers of Kalmia latifolia L. ‘Olympic Wedding’, transplanted into field soil in October or May. Larger container plants generally had lower xylem potential than smaller plants, but better visual ratings. Root growth into surrounding soil was negligible for all treatments. Leaf area was higher for spring transplants than fall transplants. Experiment three was a rhizotron study with 19-L plants, transplanted in October or May. Canopy growth of spring transplants was greater than fall transplants, but fall transplants had longer roots into the backfill. Overall, our data suggest that fall transplanting will potentially allow faster plant establishment than spring transplanting. The effect of container size on plant establishment could not be determined. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 H534 / Master of Science / Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources

Agave palmeri (Palmer's agave) is a semelparous, perennial succulent thought to provide critical forage for the endangered species, Leptonycteris curasoae (lesser long-nosed bat). Preserving intact agave populations and mitigating loss of habitat may be critical to L. curasoae recovery. Two methods for restoring A. palmeri in disturbed habitats were evaluated: seeding and translocation. In a greenhouse, the emergence and establishment of 2700 seeds was tested across four environmental variables: irrigation level, shade, surface mulch, and soil type. The overall emergence of seedlings was low, particularly in low irrigation, unshaded, unmulched treatments--conditions that might be commonly expected in disturbed habitats. In the field, growth responses of 277 wild transplants were assessed in relation to size class, initial water availability, and storage method. Transplants of all sizes responded positively when replanting coincided with seasonal rainfall, suggesting that salvaging and replanting A. palmeri plants may be a promising restoration strategy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4539942 bytes, checksum: 6f116cdb7cc0820476472e5f714f5603 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Presently Brazil occupies the 5th position in world production of tomatoes for industrial processing and is the leading producing country in South America as well as the largest consumer of industrialized tomato derivatives. Creeping tomato production is becoming important in new developing areas specially at the Cerrado region, in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais where edaphic climatic conditions favor crop production. Considering its economic importance, production for industrial processing is being improved with consequent crop yield increases and cost reductions. There is no relevant research work available related to semi mechanized transplanting system but its similarity with the fertilizing seeding machinery available and qualitative factors related to crop deployment are relevant to the conduction of the present work with the following purposes: assessment of energy demand in the operations of fertilization and transplantation; technical and economic evaluation of semi mechanized transplanting; and influence of operating speeds over plant stands. Field work was conducted at Santa Rosa farm, in the municipality of Morrinhos GO, from February to June 2012 in a Dark Red Latossol, using a tractor New Holland Model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA) with nominal power of 141 cv (104 kW) pulling a precision fertilizer equipment brand CLC, Model 7AS-2 for direct seeding and a transplanting machine Ferrari, Model FX with four transplanting units spaced 1.2 m between lines and capacity of 36 trays and 630 kg. Experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replicates combining three operating speeds and three engine rotations in each operation. Drawbar force and power were evaluated, as well as fuel consumption: time, specific and operational fuel. Results obtained demonstrated that drawbar force and power were increased as forward speed increased. Drawbar traction and power during the fertilizing operation were influenced by chisel opener depth. Even not being statistically significant variables related to time and operational consumption presented a tendency toward the interaction of factors. Technical and economic analyses were performed with the utilization of mechanized sets for the following operations: fertilization; transplanting; pulverization; harrowing; and fertilizer supply. Time required to carry out various operations of mechanized sets was evaluate as well as their fixed and variable costs. The analysis of each set was based on the total time spent in each operation according to the production costs. Transplanting demanded the highest production cost due to its high total time consumption, high fixed and variable costs. Variable cost of pulverization was larger than fixed total cost. Total production cost was US$ 8418.82 during the entire transplanting period. To evaluate the influence of operation speed it was used a FERRARI transplanting engine model FX, pulled by a tractor New Holland brand, model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA). Operation speeds evaluated were 1.83, 1.66, and 1.53 km h-1, and seedling count was obtained after passage of demarcation of mechanized set in the delimited plot areas. Effect of the transplantation speed was analyzed by using control charts and MMEP (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) in which the data were analyzed considering the different speeds and the estimated seedling stands at each point. Only at 1.83 km h-1 all observations remained under control in both situations. Transplanting speeds affected final plant stands in all processes studied and this may be explained by poor uniformity of seedlings transplanted. With higher operating speeds uniformity of seedling deposition in the soil was negatively affected, which resulted in increased work done by laborers, required for seedling replant. / Atualmente, o Brasil é o 5o maior produtor mundial de tomate para processamento industrial. Na América do Sul, o Brasil lidera a produção de tomate para processamento industrial, sendo o maior mercado consumidor de seus derivados industrializados. A produção de tomate rasteiro tem se destacado nas novas fronteiras da cultura, especificamente em regiões de Cerrado nos estados de Goiás e Minas Gerais, onde as condições edafo-climáticas são mais favoráveis à cultura. Devido ao crescimento econômico da cultura, o sistema de produção de tomate para processamento industrial vem passando por melhorias, o que tem resultado em otimização dos processos, ganhos de produtividade e redução de custos. Não há trabalhos relevantes em relação ao sistema de transplantio semi mecanizado, porém, a sua semelhança com as semeadoras- adubadoras em relação ao sistema de trabalho e fatores qualitativos em relação ao estande de implantação da cultura são relevantes para a realização desse trabalho. Deste modo, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os seguintes quesitos: demanda energética para operações de adubação e transplantio, avaliação técnica e econômica no sistema semi mecanizado de transplantio e a influência de diferentes velocidades para os estandes analisados. Todos os trabalhos foram executados na fazenda Santa Rosa, no município de Morrinhos, Goiás, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2012. O experimento conduzido para a determinação da demanda energética nas operações de adubação e transplantio foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, onde foi utilizado um trator agrícola marca New Holland, modelo TM 7010, 4x2 TDA, com potência nominal de 141 cv (104 kW) tracionando uma adubadora de precisão, marca SLC, modelo 7AS-2 para plantio direto e uma transplantadora, marca Ferrari, modelo FX, para plantio direto, com quatro unidades de transplantio espaçadas a 1,2 m entre linhas, com capacidade para 36 bandejas e massa de 630 kg. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, combinando-se três velocidades de deslocamento e três rotações do motor em cada operação. Avaliaram-se a força de tração, a potência na barra de tração e os consumos: horário, especifico e operacional de combustível. Os resultados revelaram que a força de tração e a potência na operação de adubação apresentaram grande influência a partir da profundidade de trabalho da haste sulcadora. Apesar de não significativas estatisticamente, as variáveis de consumo horário e consumo operacional possuíram uma tendência de consumo em relação à interação dos fatores. O trabalho desenvolvido para a avaliação técnica e econômica foi realizado empregando-se conjuntos mecanizados para operações de: adubação, transplantio, pulverização, destorroamento e abastecimento de fertilizantes. Foram analisados tempos necessários para a realização de diversas operações dos conjuntos mecanizados e também os seus respectivos custos fixos e variáveis. A análise de cada conjunto foi realizada pelo produto de horas totais despendidas em cada operação em função dos custos de produção. Sendo assim, a operação de transplantio obteve maior custo de produção, por ser o conjunto mecanizado de maior tempo total e operação e com maiores custos fixos e variáveis. Apenas a operação de pulverização se mostrou com custo variável total maior que o custo fixo total. O custo de produção total foi de 8.418,82 US$ em todo o período de operação de transplantio. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a influência da velocidade de operação no processo de transplantio, a avaliação de estandes em diferentes velocidades empregou uma transplantadora da marca FERRARI modelo FX, tracionada por um trator da marca New Holland, modelo TM 7010, 4x2 com tração dianteira auxiliar (TDA). As velocidades analisadas foram de 1,83; 1,66 e 1,56 km h-1, sendo que a contagem das mudas foi obtida após a demarcação e a passagem do conjunto mecanizado pelas parcelas delimitadas. A análise da influência da velocidade no transplantio foi realizada por meio da utilização de cartas de controle e da MMEP (Média móvel exponencialmente ponderada), em que os dados foram analisados em função de velocidades e dos estandes estimados em cada ponto. Apenas na velocidade de 1,83 km h-1 todas as observações se mantiveram sob controle em ambas as situações. As velocidades de transplantio modificaram os estandes finais nos processos estudados e este fato pode ser explicado devido a uma falta de uniformidade de espaçamento entre as mudas transplantadas. Com uma maior velocidade operacional, a deposição de mudas no solo se deu de maneira desuniforme, onde, nessa condição, houve um maior repasse por parte dos diaristas.

S-metolachlor is an effective herbicide used to control/suppress annual grasses, nutsedges and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, a decline in storage root quality and yield has been reported under certain environmental conditions. Information is limited on the effect of S-metolachlor application followed immediately by rainfall on sweetpotato growth and development under different temperatures, as well as the optimum application time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate sweetpotato responses to interactive effects of S-metolachlor, temperature and rainfall, and to determine S-metolachlor optimum application time. A sunlit, controlled environment experiment was conducted to investigate sweetpotato response to S-metolachlor and rainfall immediately after application under different temperatures. Sweetpotato slips were transplanted into sandy soil filled pots. Treatment combinations included five levels of S-metolachlor, 0.00, 0.86, 1.72, 2.58 and 3.44 kg ha-1, two levels of rainfall, 0 and 38 mm and three temperatures, 25/17, 30/22 and 35/27 °C, day/night. After POST application of S-metolachlor and rainfall, all plants were transferred to sunlit growth chambers that were maintained at their respective temperatures and ambient CO2 concentration for 60 days. In another experiment, S-metolachlor application time was varied to investigate sweetpotato growth and development. Two levels of S-metolachlor 0.0 and 1.0 kg ha-1 and three application times 0, 5 and 10 days after transplanting (DAT) were used and plants were harvested five times, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 80 DAT to estimate plant growth and development. Shoot, root and total plant biomass yields declined with increasing concentration of S-metolachlor across temperatures. In addition, storage root yield and quality decline was S-metolachlor rate dependent and aggravated by rainfall immediately after herbicide treatment across temperatures. S-metolachlor was more injurious on most plant component parameters in the optimum and high temperatures where plant growth was vigorous than in the low temperatures. S-metolachlor application at 0 and 5 days affected sweetpotato growth, including storage roots, but delaying until 10 days minimized the injury. These results can be used to weigh the risk of crop injury against the weed control benefits of S-metolachlor when making management decisions, and to determine application time based on weather information.