M.Comm. / Transport is vital to development. Without adequate access to employment opportunities, health services, education and other amenities of life, the quality of life of the community will suffer. In developing countries and cities, where higher levels of poverty and unemployment are found and where resources are limited, the role of "good" transport becomes even more important. The dissertation identifies and describes a • number of urban transport problems being experienced in developing cities today. It refers to the experience of other countries that have been facing similar scenarios, as well as the steps they have taken (or are taking) to deal with them. This thesis suggests that South Africa can benefit from a closer look at some of these steps, and also identifies areas which require deeper research. The dissertation acknowledges that no single solution exists to solve the wideranging nature of the transport "problem". A combination of approaches would seem to be desirable. These include organisational changes as well as technological and infrastructural changes. The dissertation acknowledges further that no single study of this kind can investigate all of these solutions in sufficient depth. It does however deal with some of the organisational changes which are initially necessary to allow later technological and infrastructural improvements to be implemented more successfully. The organisational changes, most of which have already been investigated and researched in depth, include new contractual arrangements, such as privatisation and concessioning. They also include co-ordination and integration of services. The dissertation suggests that the "corridor" proposals of the Moving South Africa study will play an important role in underpinning the concept of co-ordination. As far as infrastructural and technological changes are concerned the thesis describes the "corridor" developments in the South American cities of Sao Paulo and Quito, both of which are introducing bus-ways of varying degrees of sophistication. These infrastructural improvements are being combined with the use of electric buses (duo-buses) drawing power from overhead lines. In Quito, this combination of infrastructure and new technology is handling large numbers of passengers at a level which is equivalent to that of many of the busier public transport routes in South Africa. The dissertation suggests that South African cities will benefit from these developments and proposes that an investigation into such improvements should be carried out. These include an integrated, co-ordinated formal public transport network for the Johannesburg area, and the introduction of corridors on which passenger vehicles of improved design (including duo-buses) could be used to maximum advantage. The dissertation acknowledges that the legislative and planning framework necessary to support such improvements is still being introduced. It points out, however, that the introduction of the proposed transport authorities, and the emphasis on the "corridor" concept will facilitate the process. The dissertation expresses the hope that these improvements will be placed on the agenda as soon as possible and that in so doing, the rehabilitation of formal public transport in South Africa will be promoted.

D.Com. (Transport Economics) / Countries throughout the world suffer from uneven regional economic growth which can be caused by social, political, economic or geographical problems. The promotion of economic growth on a broad national basis is the method adopted by most countries to lift the standard of living of their people and to eventually eliminate poverty ...

Inaug.-diss.--Jena. / Lebenslauf. "Benutzte litteratur": p. [3].

Motivated by disquiet that walking, as both a travel mode and as a segment of public transport trips, is not accommodated well in South African cities, this dissertation has two central aims. The first is to understand better the need for travel by non-motorised modes and within local areas. The second is to contribute to the improvement of local area movement network configuration and management practices. The research is primarily exploratory in nature and was conducted within a 'critical social science' paradigm-in which the research process was driven by a series of questions regarding the critical interrogation of these practices. It explores some of the implications for practice of a post-apartheid urban transport policy discourse that prioritises understanding travel need, managing road space, and accommodating public transport users and pedestrians. Reviews of literature, examination of codes of practice, and interviews with practitioners were conducted to trace the origins and nature of practices in the fields of travel analysis and local network planning and to investigate evidence of relationships between local network planning practices and improved local travel conditions. A household travel survey was administered in metropolitan Cape Town to gather data on travel behaviour across various income bands and in different residential locations. The survey employed an innovative activity-based method, with theoretical origins in time geography. With the use of computer-assisted personal interviewing technology, it involved members of 204 households recording their activity schedule over a 24-hour period. The data were analysed using conventional methods of filtered cross-tabulation, as well as time-space instruments. The research found, inter alia, that as a result of being routinely excluded or underestimated in past surveys, the importance of walking has not been fully understood. Walking would appear to be particularly important in satisfying the travel needs of middle-and low-income households, and walking distance findings would appear to refute assumptions regarding the introverted nature of pedestrian trips that underlie conventional local network configuration practices. In the light of these and other findings the dissertation argues for functionally 'fuzzy' local networks within which pedestrians and cyclists are accommodated on 'permeable' networks of footways, pathways, cycleways and shared roadways, while motor cars are accommodated on variously discontinuous roadway networks. The dissertation also argues for the strategic identification of local areas requiring priority attention, and the preparation of integrated local area plans incorporating co-ordinated and proactive pedestrian planning, bicycle planning and traffic calming.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science / Existing priority assessment procedures are reviewed with a view to identifying a methodology which will be appropriate for use in the Central Witwatersrand Regional services Council area. It is concluded that a two stage methodology is most appropriate, adopting a.successive sub-setting technique and a detailed sufficiency rating technique respectively, The methodology is tested on the 1992/93 project list. / AC2017

D.Com. (Transport Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M. Com. (Transport Economics) / The purpose of this study is to determine the role of railway transport for the mobility of the Blacks on the East Rand. The Act of the Administration of Bantu Affairs no. 45 of 1971 has considerably increased the geographical borders within which the Blacks may move freely. This movement is due to economic and/or social reasons. The demand for railway transport must therefore be measured against the supply of railway transport ...

Bibliography: pages 221-223. / The South African transport industry is analysed sector by sector in terms of the transport service provided and fuel energy requirements. Taking cognisance of energy availability, technical, social and economic criteria, estimates are formed to predict the likely transport pattern and associated energy demand over the next quarter century. It is found that the transport industry remains primarily dependent upon petroleum fuels over this period, and that the demand could be satisfied by oil produced locally using oil-from-coal production. The limitations on present forecasting methods used for the transport sector are discussed arid the need for a review of current estimates is considered. The potential for energy conservation using modified transport patterns is explored together with alternate energy sources and the implications of transport deficiencies on the national economy.

D. Com. (Transport Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Com. (Economics) / Tourism is generally regarded as the world's largest and fastest growing industry. As such it is a major employer and earner of foreign exchange and in many countries constitutes a significant component of the national economy. Although tourism can play an important role in promoting economic growth and development, its potential is determined by factors such as the existence of unique tourist attractions, the presence of natural resources, general economic conditions and political stability. The primary goal of this study has been to determine to what extent co-operation agreements between Southern African countries can contribute to the promotion of tourism to the region. The main approach of the study was to carry out a literature survey of the activities, . programmes and objectives of the institutions and organisations responsible for the promotion of tourism inSouthern Africa. For the purposes of this study, the Southern African region is regarded as consisting of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The study also considers the tourism potential of the area in terms of physical; economic and infrastructural criteria. The study has found that the Southern African region has outstanding tourism potential, based on its physical features. Each country in the region offers a variety of unique and divergent tourist attractions which can be regarded as complementary to each other. As a result the tourism potential of the region can contribute to continued economic development and growth. The study has however, found that a number of factors are limiting the optimal development of the tourism industry. These include: a lack of close co-operation between states, inadequate safety and security, insufficient economic growth and development and an infrastructure which does not support the optimal development of tourism in the region. The study recommends that all countries in the region should engage more closely with each other to develop marketing programmes aimed at exploiting the unique features of the region. To optimise the role of the tourism industry, it is recommended that both the public and private sectors, together with the community, should share the responsibility for its development. Tourism is essentially a community activity and all residents and organisations should be involved in its development promotion. In the light of the inadequate transport infrastructure which exists to promote tourism it is recommended that regional links be upgraded to allow member countries to connect with the comprehensive transport network in South Africa. This will contribute to regional co-operation and, since transport reaches across national boundaries, promote the optimal application of transport services within a much wider area. The study clearly indicates that, in the light of the newclimate of co-operation inthe Southern African region since the early 1990's, the role of South Africa within the context of co-operation agreements be clarified. The entire region can take advantage of South Africa's technical know-how and comprehensive transport infrastructure by maintaining closer relationships with South Africa. It is however, necessary to ensure that co-operation agreements incorporate the necessary safeguards to ensure that South Africa does not dominate its partners.