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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studium mechanismu rozpoznávání DNA transkripčním faktorem FOXO4 / Study of the mechanism of DNA recognition by transcription factor FOXO4

Zusková, Iva January 2012 (has links)
Forkhead transcription factor FOXO4 is involved in a wide range of processes including metabolism control, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, DNA repair or oxidative stress resistance. The crystal structure of FOXO4 DNA-binding domain bound to the target DNA revealed that FOXO4 interacts with DNA in the same manner as other forkhead proteins. The DNA-binding interface consists of helix H3, which binds to the major groove of DNA, the N- terminal segment and flexible loops located at the C-terminus of forkhead domain. However, many questions concerning the regulation of DNA-binding specificity and the role of different parts of forkhead domain in this process remain elusive. In this diploma thesis, the interactions between the DNA-binding domain of FOXO4 and DNA with various sequences were studied. The DNA-binding domain of FOXO4 and its mutants were expressed and purified and their DNA-binding properties were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and surface plasmon resonance. Results of these experiments revealed that the nucleotide sequence at the 5′ end of the consensus binding motif affects the stability of the complex between the DNA-binding domain of FOXO4 and DNA. In addition, the importance of individual amino acid residues of FOXO4 that are involved in DNA binding for the...
2

Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de la synthèse des lignanes du lin (Linum usitatissimum L.) / Transcriptional regulation of lignan biosynthesis in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Corbin, Cyrielle 24 September 2015 (has links)
Plante de grande culture aux multiples applications, le lin accumule dans ses graines des métabolites spécialisés appelés lignanes aux propriétés phytooestrogène et antioxydante, bénéfiques en santé humaine et, dans ses feuilles, des lignanes de nature toxique. Pour l’utilisation et l’étude de ces composés phénoliques issus de la voie des monolignols, une technique d’éco-extraction assistée par les ultrasons a été développée et appliquée à un criblage de différentes variétés pour leur contenu en lignanes conférant une haute valeur ajoutée aux extraits et produits. Les potentiels verrous métaboliques de la voie de biosynthèse de ces composés ont fait l’objet d’investigations au niveau de la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes responsables de la formation des énantiomères opposés de sécoisolaricirésinol dans la graine et les parties aériennes. La famille multigénique des protéines dirigeantes (DIR) du lin, premiers acteurs de cette voie, a été criblée au niveau génomique et transcriptionnel afin de déterminer des candidates pour fonctionner avec les pinorésinol laricirésinol réductases (PLR), enzymes bifonctionnelles catalysant la formation du sécoisolaricirésinol. L’étude de la régulation fine de l’expression des deux isoformes des gènes PLR a mis en évidence des profils d’inductibilité très contrastés et a conduit à l’identification d’éléments cis-régulateurs ainsi que de facteurs de transcription impliqués dans ces voies de régulation. L’ensemble des résultats convergent vers un rôle de défense des lignanes in planta et a permis de construire une vue d’ensemble des mécanismes complexes de régulation de leur biosynthèse et enfin de proposer des pistes pour l’amélioration de la production de ces molécules naturelles par une stimulation de leur accumulation et l’augmentation des rendements d’extraction par chimie verte. / As a crop with multiple purposes, flax accumulates lignans, specialized metabolites with health benefits, known for their phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties in its seed, and toxic lignans in its leaves. In order to use and study these phenolic compounds derived from monolignols, an eco-friendly method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed and applied to the screening of cultivars for their lignan content which confers high value to extracts and flaxseed by-product. Regulation of the lignan biosynthetic pathway was investigated at the transcriptional level for the genes responsible for the formation of secoisolariciresinol in seeds and aerial parts. The multigene family of dirigent proteins (DIR), first actors of this pathway, was explored by genomic and transcriptional approaches in order to select candidates to operate with pinoresinol lariciresinol reductases (PLR), bifunctional enzymes catalyzing secoisolariciresinol biosynthesis. The study of the transcriptional regulation of PLR genes evidenced very contrasting expression profiles and led to the identification of transcription factors acting as master regulators of this biosynthesis and their cis-regulatory target elements. Results allowed first to reinforce the hypothesis of the lignans defensive role in planta, second to afford an overall view of complex mechanisms occurring in the regulation of lignan natural production and finally to suggest leads to improve lignan yield by a stimulation of natural production and an enhancement of extraction yield using green chemistry methods.

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