The provision of houses for the tribal society in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi constitutes a major problem which greatly aggravates the housing problem in general. The major cause of this problem is that the designers of housing schemes have no sufficient understanding of the tribal traditions and requirements, necessary to provide the local people with convenient dwelling units that correspond with their social behaviour pattern. Ever since oil was discovered in Abu Dhabi, the government has developed an ambitious housing policy to serve the provision of local people with houses. The policy has been carried out for the last 25 years, where the government decided to :- 1. design convenient dwelling units for the local people; 2. plan new neighbourhoods and supply them with a sufficient infrastructure; 3. construct the dwelling units and maintain them once the local people have become their legal owners. The objectives of this policy were to provide the proper environment for the local people. There has been a great change in the design of housing schemes ever since this policy started. A number of foreign architects were involved in the development of a variety of low cost housing types, and inevitably their different cultural backgrounds influenced the design solutions. Many of their schemes use layouts and construction systems which contradict local bahaviour patterns and climatic conditions. During this period of 25 years Abu Dhabi has developed extensive experience in the field of housing but it is not always positive. This experience is worth registering, analysing and evaluating.

Thesis (MPhil.)--University of the Western Cape, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-70).

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The aim of this research study was to examine the role of traditional leadership during the upsurge of civil war in Southern Sudan. There has not been much research conducted in this field especially in Abiem County. Throughout the research process the role of traditional leaders has shown an unprecedented position during the liberation struggled characterized by huge support in terms of material support, manpower and political mobilization. The data analysis clearly reflected the roles of traditional leaders that occupied the historical perspective amidst the armed struggle waged by successive liberation movements and especially during the Sudan people’s Liberation Movement and Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) from 1983 - 2004. It reflected on the vital roles of people’s support in the liberation movement represented by their traditional leaders, chiefs, elders, spiritual leaders, women and youth. Thus the perception of the role of traditional leadership in its different categories ha s shown a satisfactory and effective contribution to the war of liberation in Southern Sudan. However, in order to achieve the objectives, an investigation was conducted with various interviewees. As stated earlier, participants ranged from the chiefs and elders to local military and civil appointed administrators, women, youth and religious leaders. The main results of the study have profoundly asserted the important role of traditional leaders in the local government and their involvement in popular decision making and in local conflict management.

Anfang der 70er Jahre entstand in den USA ein Bildungsmodell, das die bisherige Hochschullandschaft dieses Landes entscheidend ergänzen sollte. Indigen geleitete Hochschulen, sog. Tribal Colleges bieten seither der kleinsten Minorität in den USA, American Indians, die Möglichkeit einer kulturell relevanten Hochschulbildung. Aufgrund ihrer dualen Stuktur die sowohl Merkmale indigener als auch westlich geprägter Wissenssysteme aufweist, ist eine Untersuchung mit Blick auf die Prozesse des Austausches, der Abgrenzung und der Transformationen besonders ergiebig. Im Folgenden werden sie am Beispiel einer konkreten tribalen Universität aufgezeigt und erklärt. / Tribal Colleges in the US started to evolve in the 1970s as a response to many decades of ineffective and unsuccessful ethnocentric education efforts by the federal government and religious institutions. Over a comparatively short period of time they developed into institutions of higher learning that fulfill a crucial role in Native American students’ educational attainment and similarly play a significant role in tribal community development. The Tribal College model combines aspects of western higher education with traditional American Indian forms of knowledge and is therefore particularly suited for a close examination of the processes of exchange, separation and transformation that are negotiated on a regular basis. In the following article, crucial processes will be highlighted and analyzed.