Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 325-358).

At the turn of the nineteenth century, global capitalism has introduced an unprecedented phenomenon: the reorientation of temporality and spatiality. Capitalist temporality and global space allowed Asian intellectuals to imagine, for the first time, a synchronized globe, where Asia became consciously worldly. Asian intellectuals began to reinterpret the indigenous categories such as the tributary system in order to make sense of the regionalization of Asia in the capitalist world system. The unity of Asian countries formed an alliance which resisted the homogeneity and universality claimed by European hegemony. Along with the revival of the Asian ideal, the tributary system was reimagined as the incarnation of Asian heterogeneity, a source that could be utilized in the common struggle of resisting European hegemony. What the tributary system represented in the discourse of Asianism at the turn of the twentieth century, then, is a new possibility of relation between nation-states.

At the turn of the nineteenth century, global capitalism has introduced an unprecedented phenomenon: the reorientation of temporality and spatiality. Capitalist temporality and global space allowed Asian intellectuals to imagine, for the first time, a synchronized globe, where Asia became consciously worldly. Asian intellectuals began to reinterpret the indigenous categories such as the tributary system in order to make sense of the regionalization of Asia in the capitalist world system. The unity of Asian countries formed an alliance which resisted the homogeneity and universality claimed by European hegemony. Along with the revival of the Asian ideal, the tributary system was reimagined as the incarnation of Asian heterogeneity, a source that could be utilized in the common struggle of resisting European hegemony. What the tributary system represented in the discourse of Asianism at the turn of the twentieth century, then, is a new possibility of relation between nation-states.

Thesis (M.A.)--Guo li Taiwan da xue. / Reproduced from typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 148).

At the turn of the nineteenth century, global capitalism has introduced an unprecedented phenomenon: the reorientation of temporality and spatiality. Capitalist temporality and global space allowed Asian intellectuals to imagine, for the first time, a synchronized globe, where Asia became consciously worldly. Asian intellectuals began to reinterpret the indigenous categories such as the tributary system in order to make sense of the regionalization of Asia in the capitalist world system. The unity of Asian countries formed an alliance which resisted the homogeneity and universality claimed by European hegemony. Along with the revival of the Asian ideal, the tributary system was reimagined as the incarnation of Asian heterogeneity, a source that could be utilized in the common struggle of resisting European hegemony. What the tributary system represented in the discourse of Asianism at the turn of the twentieth century, then, is a new possibility of relation between nation-states.

Climate variability has had a dramatic impact on eastern Grand Canyon tributaries over the past -100 ky. This is readily observed in the Lava Chuar and Comanche catchments, which host well preserved colluvial remnants and river terraces that resulted from several climate-induced cycles of aggradation and incision. This study investigates these climate responses using surveying, sedimentology, and luminescence geochronology methods to investigate the mechanisms and timing of their deposition. The survey data demonstrate that the concavity of terrace treads is lower than modern drainages. The sedimentology suggests the prevalence of stream-flow reworking of debris flow deposits and portrays an expected down-stream fining of deposits. Results of geochronology indicate that Lava Chuar Creek aggraded from -100-90 ka (S4), 61-55 ka (S3o), 50-35 ka (S3y), and 14-7 ka (S2). Comanche Creek similarly aggraded twice during the time period from 77-35 ka (S3) and also from 26-22 ka (S2). The response of eastern Grand Canyon tributaries to glacial-interglacial climate cycling appears to be more complicated than formerly thought. Previous conceptual models assumed that stream aggradation in arid settings occurred as a response to one specific set of climatic and biologic conditions, but new field data and luminescence dates on terrace materials reveal that there are at least two sets of conditions that were conducive to aggradation along local streams. First, streams aggraded during cooler, wetter climates, which is inferred to be due to increased sediment supply (e.g. S4 and S3y in Lava Chuar). With the transition to warmer interglacial climates came higher intensity storms and decreased vegetation density in catchments, based on previous paleoclimate studies. These conditions caused remobilization and redeposition of older sediment and resulted in a second set of stream aggradation phases (e.g. S3o and S2 in Lava Chuar). Meanwhile, the Colorado River aggraded only once per climate cycle during glacial advances and subsequent climate transitions. Thus, tributaries have responded more frequently and more sensitively to changing local conditions compared to the relatively insensitive Colorado River. This is supported by tighter correlation of tributary records to trends in regional paleoclimate records than to global ice records.

孟森（1868-1938）先生曾言「中國自三代以後，得國最正者，惟漢與明。 匹夫起事，無憑藉威柄之嫌。為民除暴，無預窺神器之意。而明之驅元，又 多一光復華夏之功」點出了明太祖（朱元璋，1328-1398，在位1368-1398） 於國史上的地位在於「得國最正」及「光復華夏」，接著又提到「明祖有國， 當胡元盡紊法度之後，一切準古酌今，掃除更始，所定制度，遂奠二百數十 年之國基」、「清無制作，盡守明之制作，而國祚亦與明相等。故於明一代， 當措意其制作。措意明之制作，即當究心於明祖之開國」，歸納出「明祖開國」 於明清兩代五百餘年政治制度的意義。洪武時期於國史上的雙重意義，非常 值得我們探究，特別是太祖在「重造華夏」的過程底下傳統中國對外體制－ 「朝貢制度」是怎樣被重新構築。這一新體制不論在思想、禮儀、政制或是 貿易層面都呈現與別不同的面貌，並深深地影響明清五百餘年的軌跡。此即 討論太祖朝貢制度之因由。 因此，本文以思想、禮儀、政制、貿易四項課題為重心，分為七章：第 一章為導論，從研究回顧、論文架構、史料、定義交代本文的佈局；第二章 從洪武時期的對外詔令、敕撰書考察明太祖的天下觀、對外思想與「朝貢」 理念；第三章，先梳理歷代賓禮的流變以突顯明代之特色，繼而從朝會、冊 封兩方面，分析太祖對外思想所呈現「華夷定分」的秩序；第四章，從洪武 賓禮的發展與實踐說明「重造華夏」的過程及其於東亞各國的文化意義；第 五章，從中央、地方機構兩層面說明「朝貢制度」的對外事務是如何被太祖 被重塑，並分析遣外使節的特色；第六章，利用計量分析，從「給賜」與「貢 物」兩方面說明「朝貢貿易」對明初社會經濟的影響，並從通貨、海禁、廢 除市舶司等背景評析。第七章為結論，對洪武時期「朝貢制度」作全面的評 價。 Meng Sen ( 孟森,1868-1938), one of the pioneers of Ming studies, highlighted the significance of Zhu Yuanzhang (Ming Taizu, r.1368-1398) as a leader who “recovered China (from “barbarian Yuan rule) and founded Ming institutions which would subsequently be adapted by the Qing state. Zhu Yuanzhang’s achievements in re-shaping the pattern and context of traditional Chinese foreign relations by establishing the tributary system exemplify his reputation for “recreating Hua-xia (the historical Chinese polity). This dissertation takes the “tributary system (chaogong zhidu) of the Ming dynasty’s Hongwu reign as a case study, exploring its characteristics through the lenses of statecraft philosophy, rituals, institutions and trade. It comprises seven chapters. Chapter one illustrate the scope, the methodology, and the sources of this research. Chapter two analyzes Ming Taizu’s views of Tianxia, diplomatic thought, and the definition of “tributary expressed in imperial edicts. Chapter three examines the Ming tributary system’s features by comparing the developments of “guest rituals. Chapter four analyzes the process and influence of “recreating Hua-xia by evaluating Hongwu’s guest rituals as an example. Chapter five shows the formation and restructuring of institutions dealing with foreign relations. Chapter six discusses the effectiveness of tributary trade by reviewing its fiscal background and the exchange of tribute items and gifts. The final chapter is the conclusion. By adopting such approaches, this dissertation strives to present a comprehensive picture about the Hongwu emperor’s contributions to traditional Chinese foreign relations.

El efecto jurídico de esta actuación incide en cuestionar si las reglas que el Derecho Común regula sobre la renuncia de la prescripción son aplicables al ámbito del Derecho Tributario. Con tal objeto, pretendemos analizar desde una perspectiva constitucional tributaria la viabilidad de la aplicación supletoria sustentada por la administración tributaria en sede de los tribunales. / Trabajo de investigación

The overall goal of this thesis is to present a comprehensive understanding of the Nottawasaga River system. In the first chapter, we will examine how landscape features (geomorphology and land cover) drive spatial variation in nutrient and sediment loading from 11 sub-watersheds to the Nottawasaga River. The second chapter will relate how tributary loading and other in-stream processes (riffles, substrate, dissolved oxygen) contribute to the longitudinal variation in water quality along with middle and lower reaches of the Nottawasaga River. Finally, in the last chapter we use 13 water quality variables to develop a Stream Water Quality Index (SWQI) to identify critical areas in the NRW that are most at risk. This thesis will provide environmental agencies with useful information to help implement management strategies to improve the health of riverine systems at a watershed scale. / Eutrophication from agricultural runoff is a global problem, often resulting in formation of anoxic zones in receiving water bodies. The Nottawasaga River Watershed (2,900 km2) is dominated by agricultural land-use, and is a major source of nutrients and sediment to Nottawasaga Bay, Georgian Bay (Lake Huron). The primary objective of our study was to develop a holistic understanding of the different sources and processes that influence spatial variation of water quality across the Nottawasaga River (121 km). In our first chapter, we use landscape features to develop 6 models that predict daily base flow loading rates of total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) from 11 sub-watersheds. We found that drainage area and % pasture land were the most significant predictive variables driving spatial variability in TP and TSS loading. We also found a significant positive relationship between TP and % wetland, suggesting that the Minesing Wetlands (largest inland wetland in southern Ontario) are a source of nutrients to the river. In our second chapter, we evaluate how tributary inputs and in-stream processes contribute to the longitudinal variation in water quality along the Nottawasaga River. We found that tributary concentration and discharge significantly predict downstream turbidity (TURB), but do not predict downstream TP. We also found that riffles improve water clarity, and that silt and clay substrate is significantly associated with high TURB. In our third chapter, we develop a Stream Water Quality Index (SWQI) using 13 variables collected at 15 stations along the Nottawasaga River. To predict SWQI scores for any site, we have provided 9 equations that use various combinations of available variables. Understanding landscape variables, as well as tributary and in-stream processes that influence water quality will enhance the development of restoration initiatives to improve ecosystem health in lotic systems at a watershed scale. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Eutrophication from agricultural runoff is a global problem, often resulting in formation of anoxic zones. The Nottawasaga River Watershed is dominated by agricultural land-use, and is a major source of nutrients and sediment to Georgian Bay, Lake Huron. The objective of our study was to develop a holistic understanding of sources and processes that influence spatial variation of water quality across the Nottawasaga River. We found that landscape features (drainage area, pasture, wetland), tributary inputs, and in-stream processes (riffles, substrate) significantly influence water quality. Our results will enhance restoration initiatives to improve health of riverine systems at a watershed scale.

Quantification of total phosphorus (TP) loads entering a lake or reservoir is important because phosphorus is most often the limiting nutrient in terms of algae growth, thus phosphorus can control the extent of eutrophication. Four methods for assessing the annual tributary phosphorus loads to two different Virginia reservoirs were analyzed, three methods that use tributary monitoring program data and one that uses land-use and rainfall data. In this project, one tributary has been extensively monitored for many years and served as a control on which the other methods were tested. The key difference between this research and previous studies is the inclusion of flow-weighted composite storm sampling instead of simple grab sample analyses of storm flow. Three of the methods employed flow stratification, and the impact of the base flow separation point was examined. It was found that the Regression Method developed in this research was the least sensitive to the base flow separation point, which is a valuable attribute because a wrong choice will not significantly affect the estimate. The Monte Carlo Method was found to underestimate the TP loads. The amount of rainfall impacted the accuracy of the methods, with more error occurring in a year with lower precipitation. / Master of Science