Turism är den nya basnäringen i svensk ekonomi. För att företag inom turistindustrin ska bli konkurrenskraftiga och nå ökad tillväxt krävs innovationsprocesser. Tre studentuppsatser från 2007 har legat till grund för den här undersökningen. Syftet med den här studien är att kartlägga hur kunskapsöverföring som överlämnats från universitet till turistföretag bidragit med innovationsprocesser som lett till ökad tillväxt och konkurrenskraft i turistföretag. I samtliga undersökta fall påvisas att den överförda kunskapen varit mer bekräftande än innovativ för uppdragsgivarna. Vidare visar undersökningen att studentuppsatserna som erhållits varit för omfattande och för svåra att ta till sig för merparten av mottagarna. Undersökningen visar att kunskapen i sig, genom studentuppsatserna från universiteten inte varit bristfällig och obrukbar. Istället visar undersökningen att kommunikationen, mottagandet och situationen vid överföringen av uppsatsarbetets resultat varit bristfällig och hämmat implementering av innovationsprocesser.   Resultatet av studien visar att det behövs nya synsätt kring kunskapsöverföring och hur den kommuniceras. Att utveckla ett kunskapsöverföringsprogram, kvalitetssäkra överföringen och fastställa speciella normer för presentationen av utfört uppsatsarbete skulle kunna vara potentiella faktorer som förbättrade processen och medförde att merparten av mottagarna inom turistindustrin skulle kunna ta till sig den överförda kunskapen på ett bättre sätt.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this study is to reach conclusions that pertain to the key steps involved in the development of a system of innovation. Once identifiable procedures have been reached, then the research seeks to address the characteristics, or roles, that the actors must adhere to in order to keep the system sustainable. When these two areas of research have been concluded, not only will the research question be addressed, but the general applicability of the system of innovation theories will also be challenged in a scientifically relevant way. The main theoretical concepts that will guide the study are Triple Helix, Sustainability, and Innovation.</p><p>The research approach used is deductive, where the information gathered will deem the study as being qualitative. In order to gather the information, six interviews were conducted with various individuals representing actors within the Triple Helix model, and that information was analyzed through interpretism. Due to the social relations occurring in the study, a hermeneutic positioning will derive an underlying positioning in the approach to theory. Once this approach is used, the empirical information gathered from the interviews will be analyzed versus that of the theoretical framework where the conclusions for the study will be generated.</p><p>The practical issue that inspired this study is the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic occurring in British Columbia, Canada. The timber industry is being decimated due to an increase in the number of beetles, and the result is unusable wood. Because of the resource-reliance in certain milieus that are being effected by the beetle, this study seeks an alternative system for economic stability through a system of innovation.</p><p>The conclusions for the study have very pragmatic characteristics about them. The development of an innovation system begins with the identification of a system leader to mediate the process. The findings suggest that mediation will harmonize the agendas of the actors in the system and work towards a consensus. In addition, contextual issues in the form of knowledge and communication create cultural roadblocks in the implementation process; therefore need to be overcome in order to divert the actors from strict resource dependency. Sustainability in this system involves exclusive responsibilities between the actors involved, but the fundamental challenge rests in routinization of the process. Routinization encompasses micro-level procedures each actor must adhere to, and once this challenge has been overcome, the innovation system will remain sustained.</p>

Abstract The purpose of this study is to reach conclusions that pertain to the key steps involved in the development of a system of innovation. Once identifiable procedures have been reached, then the research seeks to address the characteristics, or roles, that the actors must adhere to in order to keep the system sustainable. When these two areas of research have been concluded, not only will the research question be addressed, but the general applicability of the system of innovation theories will also be challenged in a scientifically relevant way. The main theoretical concepts that will guide the study are Triple Helix, Sustainability, and Innovation. The research approach used is deductive, where the information gathered will deem the study as being qualitative. In order to gather the information, six interviews were conducted with various individuals representing actors within the Triple Helix model, and that information was analyzed through interpretism. Due to the social relations occurring in the study, a hermeneutic positioning will derive an underlying positioning in the approach to theory. Once this approach is used, the empirical information gathered from the interviews will be analyzed versus that of the theoretical framework where the conclusions for the study will be generated. The practical issue that inspired this study is the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic occurring in British Columbia, Canada. The timber industry is being decimated due to an increase in the number of beetles, and the result is unusable wood. Because of the resource-reliance in certain milieus that are being effected by the beetle, this study seeks an alternative system for economic stability through a system of innovation. The conclusions for the study have very pragmatic characteristics about them. The development of an innovation system begins with the identification of a system leader to mediate the process. The findings suggest that mediation will harmonize the agendas of the actors in the system and work towards a consensus. In addition, contextual issues in the form of knowledge and communication create cultural roadblocks in the implementation process; therefore need to be overcome in order to divert the actors from strict resource dependency. Sustainability in this system involves exclusive responsibilities between the actors involved, but the fundamental challenge rests in routinization of the process. Routinization encompasses micro-level procedures each actor must adhere to, and once this challenge has been overcome, the innovation system will remain sustained.

Innovation is widely recognised as essential to the modern economy. The term knowledgebased innovation system has been used to refer to innovation systems which recognise the importance of an economy’s knowledge base and the efficient interactions between important actors from the different sectors of society. Such interactions are thought to enable greater innovation by the system as a whole. Whilst it may not be possible to fully understand all the complex relationships involved within knowledge-based innovation systems, within the field of informetrics bibliometric methodologies have emerged that allows us to analyse some of the relationships that contribute to the innovation process. However, due to the limitations in traditional bibliometric sources it is important to investigate new potential sources of information. The web is one such source. This thesis documents an investigation into the potential of the web to provide information about knowledge-based innovation systems in the United Kingdom. Within this thesis the link analysis methodologies that have previously been successfully applied to investigations of the academic community (Thelwall, 2004a) are applied to organisations from different sections of society to determine whether link analysis of the web can provide a new source of information about knowledge-based innovation systems in the UK. This study makes the case that data may be collected ethically to provide information about the interconnections between web sites of various different sizes and from within different sectors of society, that there are significant differences in the linking practices of web sites within different sectors, and that reciprocal links provide a better indication of collaboration than uni-directional web links. Most importantly the study shows that the web provides new information about the relationships between organisations, rather than just a repetition of the same information from an alternative source. Whilst the study has shown that there is a lot of potential for the web as a source of information on knowledge-based innovation systems, the same richness that makes it such a potentially useful source makes applications of large scale studies very labour intensive.

There are many existing programs and initiatives in Uganda supporting small businesses, but tend to suffer from a number of weaknesses. In particular typically small businesses find it difficult to do research and development; commercialize their results in markets (innovation) as fast as they should. For micro, small &amp; medium enterprises to be dully competitive in a competitive economic environment requires that they develop internal capabilities to effectively assimilate, use and adapt product and process technologies for their businesses to survive on an ongoing basis. To overcome this drawback, the concept of Business Incubation has been proposed. This concept has gained large interest in the research community. The key idea is to create and nurture new businesses for growth by providing services and infrastructure required by utilizing the external knowledge sources (open innovation) and triple-helix model which assist formation of business and industrial clusters. A business incubator is an organization that supports the creation and growth of new businesses by providing services and infrastructure that is required by the targeted clients. Given that most firms in developing countries start too small to compete especially in international markets, a pre-requisite to industrial development, governments and policy makers should give particular attention to the constraints and needs of MSMEs. This can be done by adopting a mix of policies and framework conditions to reduce on the obstacles that hamper technological innovation, collaboration and business growth. In particular is access to finance and enhancing technology and business capacity development through training, linkages and networks. This Licentiate thesis discusses and reviews the initiatives and programs aimed at supporting the development of MSMEs with a view to stimulate industrial development in Uganda. The main aim of this research is to examine the process of business incubation and explain the contribution of open innovation business incubators to entrepreneurs/ start-up firms within the broader context of developing entrepreneurship, promoting science, technology and innovation and creating employment. This research focuses on the roles and relationships of government, university and research institutions and the private sector as sources of knowledge for technological innovations. Literature review, theory understanding, and participatory methods including group discussions with questionnaires, meetings and interviews, were used to achieve the objectives. From the findings, it was revealed among MSMEs that due to their sizes, limited managerial and technological skills, and inadequate functional business support services have had adverse effects on their upgrading and growth. There was little linkage and follow up between industry and other public research sectors i.e. government agencies and higher institutions although there are quite a number of support institutions with poor coordination. The research analyzed a wide range of issues that are related to the desired structural transformation of the Ugandan economy towards industrialization process. Finally it will propose strategies for the most appropriate model for Uganda.

<p>På senare år har begreppet miljöteknik blivit alltmer omdiskuterat. För att arbetet kring miljöteknik ska kunna förankras i samhället bör de svenska företagens konkurrenskraft öka både på nationell och internationella marknader. Regionala miljöteknikcentrum har därför skapats i Sverige på senare år för att komma närmare företagen samt att kunna få lokala synergieffekter mellan företagen. I och med detta blir miljöteknik alltmer vanligt i Sverige, trots detta har relativt få studier gjorts kring begreppet och fenomenet miljöteknikcentrum.</p><p>Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga fenomenet miljöteknikcentrum i Sverige genom att studera fyra stycken aktiva centrum. Syftet med kartläggningen är att belysa för- och nackdelar med de utvalda centrumen samt belysa deras drivkrafter. Denna kartläggning ska därefter kunna fungera som ett bra underlag vid nystartandet av ytterligare centrum samt ge lärdomar till verksamma centrum. Metod för att genomföra denna kartläggning skedde i form utav en kvalitativ intervjustudie där representanter från fyra olika centrum gav sin syn av respektive verksamhet. Resultatet från intervjustudien har sedan analyserats i en SWOT - analys.</p><p>Slutsatserna för studien visar på att centrumens verksamheter skiljer sig åt vad anbeträffar relationen till medlemsföretagen, syfte och aktiviteter. När det gäller hur centrumen valt att organisera sina verksamheter så skiljer sig även detta åt. I vår kartläggning har vi identifierat centrum i bolagsform, projekt eller som ideell förening. Centrumens framgångsfaktorer är individuellt utformade och utvärderingsformerna varierar.</p>

På senare år har begreppet miljöteknik blivit alltmer omdiskuterat. För att arbetet kring miljöteknik ska kunna förankras i samhället bör de svenska företagens konkurrenskraft öka både på nationell och internationella marknader. Regionala miljöteknikcentrum har därför skapats i Sverige på senare år för att komma närmare företagen samt att kunna få lokala synergieffekter mellan företagen. I och med detta blir miljöteknik alltmer vanligt i Sverige, trots detta har relativt få studier gjorts kring begreppet och fenomenet miljöteknikcentrum. Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga fenomenet miljöteknikcentrum i Sverige genom att studera fyra stycken aktiva centrum. Syftet med kartläggningen är att belysa för- och nackdelar med de utvalda centrumen samt belysa deras drivkrafter. Denna kartläggning ska därefter kunna fungera som ett bra underlag vid nystartandet av ytterligare centrum samt ge lärdomar till verksamma centrum. Metod för att genomföra denna kartläggning skedde i form utav en kvalitativ intervjustudie där representanter från fyra olika centrum gav sin syn av respektive verksamhet. Resultatet från intervjustudien har sedan analyserats i en SWOT - analys. Slutsatserna för studien visar på att centrumens verksamheter skiljer sig åt vad anbeträffar relationen till medlemsföretagen, syfte och aktiviteter. När det gäller hur centrumen valt att organisera sina verksamheter så skiljer sig även detta åt. I vår kartläggning har vi identifierat centrum i bolagsform, projekt eller som ideell förening. Centrumens framgångsfaktorer är individuellt utformade och utvärderingsformerna varierar.

Rapid changes in the global economy forces Industry to continuously seek competitive advantages; the University on the other hand pursue additional funding. Both Industry and University are trying to keep up with the accelerating pace of change, therefore partnership become critical in achieving key objectives. Research collaborations become essential and offer direct benefits for University and company participants. The impact extends well beyond the direct partners. When potential partners have the resources and knowledge to accomplish individual goals, working with outside experts can improve the quality of the research and help to reduce costs. Industry-sponsored research allows the University to obtain financial support as well as Industry exposure for its educational and research missions. The Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) aims to boost South African Industry by supporting research and technology development, and by enhancing the quality and quantity of appropriately skilled people. THRIP brings together the best of South Africa's researchers, academics and industry players in funding partnerships that enable participants to improve the quality of their products, services and people. In 13 years it has become a powerful formula for stimulating innovation in South Africa - innovation leads to competitiveness and competition leads to growth. There are many difficulties in managing projects across organisational boundaries; their cultures and their mission differ. The goal and the prime objective of the industries are to make a profit and build-value for shareholders. The universities‟ missions are to develop new knowledge and educate the next generation. Factors that may prevent research collaboration with Industry from being successfully accomplished are: • The practical difficulties of managing a collaboration, • Deleterious effects on faculty and students, • Impact on the mission, • Reputation and financing of the University. Industry needs to overcome the following hurdles in order to foster greater collaboration: • Respect the value of research collaboration, • Incorporate University research into product development, • Management barriers. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Rapid changes in the global economy forces Industry to continuously seek competitive advantages; the University on the other hand pursue additional funding. Both Industry and University are trying to keep up with the accelerating pace of change, therefore partnership become critical in achieving key objectives. Research collaborations become essential and offer direct benefits for University and company participants. The impact extends well beyond the direct partners. When potential partners have the resources and knowledge to accomplish individual goals, working with outside experts can improve the quality of the research and help to reduce costs. Industry-sponsored research allows the University to obtain financial support as well as Industry exposure for its educational and research missions. The Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) aims to boost South African Industry by supporting research and technology development, and by enhancing the quality and quantity of appropriately skilled people. THRIP brings together the best of South Africa's researchers, academics and industry players in funding partnerships that enable participants to improve the quality of their products, services and people. In 13 years it has become a powerful formula for stimulating innovation in South Africa - innovation leads to competitiveness and competition leads to growth. There are many difficulties in managing projects across organisational boundaries; their cultures and their mission differ. The goal and the prime objective of the industries are to make a profit and build-value for shareholders. The universities‟ missions are to develop new knowledge and educate the next generation. Factors that may prevent research collaboration with Industry from being successfully accomplished are: • The practical difficulties of managing a collaboration, • Deleterious effects on faculty and students, • Impact on the mission, • Reputation and financing of the University. Industry needs to overcome the following hurdles in order to foster greater collaboration: • Respect the value of research collaboration, • Incorporate University research into product development, • Management barriers. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The aim is to evaluate the involvement of the three spheres of innovation in innovative projects funded by the EU, taking place in South Bohemia. From a methodological point of view of scientific inquiry is used in our study, the logical method, including analysis and synthesis, which in this case means a set of design measures to improve cooperation within the South Bohemia, pro-innovation projects. Own work prior to the study of literature addressed the issue, developing literature search related to the issue. Subsequently, within each sector analyzed three selected projects. These were chosen to implement them in the most studied reflected cooperation spheres. Selection of suitable projects had to precede the analysis of grant programs that currently support such cooperation and support included. The analysis of the subsidized projects followed separate survey, which is again from a different perspective to reveal how much the projects are implemented between the spheres together or separately. The present study demonstrated that the involvement of three basic spheres in innovation projects is not ideal. Not only are projects implemented by at least two spheres, often shows that the innovative project is designed rather isolated and only executor, that the applicant for the grant. The result of this work is a set of measures based on research that will improve the coherence of three spheres in the implementation of pro-innovation projects.