Zugl.: Diss.

Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Düsseldorf--Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 371-392. Index.

Originally presented as the author's thesis (master's)--al-Jāmiʻah al-Urdunīyah, 1985. / At head of cover title: al-Jāmiʻah al-Urdunīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Yarmūk. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-250).

La plupart des études modernes tendent à analyser l’histoire de la société libyenne selon un schéma qui réduit la vie sociale et économique de la Libye au nomadisme et aux rapports tribaux ou bien à la pratique de l’agriculture pastorale et au commerce du transit ; à cela se rajoute une activité corsaire exercée dans les villes côtières. Par conséquent, cette vision de l’histoire du pays est réduite à deux interprétations. Tandis que la première se rapporte strictement à l’histoire interne, la deuxième est liée aux facteurs externes ; toutefois les deux ne sont que très rarement liés. En revanche, l’objectif de notre thèse vise à prendre en compte l’ensemble des facteurs tant internes qu’externes de l’histoire de la ville de Tripoli et de ses arrière-pays sans oublier qu’il s’inscrit dans l’histoire méditerranéenne et ottomane afin d’étudier tous les aspects de l’histoire sociale et économique de la Tripolitaine via la classe marchande de l’Iyālat Ṭarābulus al-Gharb. Les sources locales tels les registres des tribunaux sharî‘a à Tripoli, le journal du commerçant Ḥasan al-Faqīh Ḥasan mais aussi européennes, notamment, les rapports des consuls français et livournais nous dévoilent les détails d’unesynergie des réseaux économiques et sociaux, nous donnant tout un autre aspect de l’histoire libyenne. / Most studies on the modern history of Libya and its society tend to limit their scope to a schema that reduces the social and economic life of Libya to nomadic and tribal relations or to the practice of pastoral agriculture and transit trade; corsair activity exercised on the coastal cities is also a focus. Consequently, this vision of the country’s history is reduced to twointerpretations. While the first relates strictly to the internal history of the area, the second refers exclusively to the external factor; only rarely are both aspects analyzed together. Keeping this in mind, our dissertation takes into account both internal and external elements related to the history of the city of Tripoli and its hinterlands as well as the fact that it is partand parcel of Mediterranean and Ottoman history, aiming thereby to study all the aspects which compose the social and economic history of the Tripolitain via the merchant class of Iyālat Ṭarābulus al-Gharb. Local sources such as the registers from the Tripoli Ottoman-era sharî‘a court along with entries from the journal of the Tripoli businessman Ḥasan al-FaqīhḤasan in addition to European consular reports, in particular, those from the French consuls as well as the Livorno consular reports reveal a synergy of economic and social networks which show an entirely new aspect of Libyan history.

Cette thèse se donne pour but l'analyse de 159 inscriptions ottomanes relevées dans la ville de Tripoli de Libye (période 1555 - 1906). Cet ensemble épigraphique de grande valeur, quasiment inédit, permet d'éclairer l'histoire de la ville et de ses principaux représentants. Chaque inscription, monumentale ou funéraire, est étudiée d'un point de vue historique mais également matériel (décors, supports, écriture et paléographie). La langue (arabe ou parfois osmanli), le contenu et la forme font aussi l'objet d'une étude approfondie. Chaque inscription est analysée, traduite et commentée dans une fiche type (volume 1) ; les analyses des données sont regroupées dans le volume 2 ; les plans, cartes, photos et fac-similés occupent le volume 3. Ce travail met en lumière la richesse patrimoniale et épigraphique de Tripoli et de sa région et ouvre la voie à de nouvelles études et réflexions sur la Régence ottomane. / This dissertation aims at analysing 159 inscriptions from the city of western Tripoli dating from the Ottoman period (1555 - 1906). This epigraphic corpus, for the main part unpublished, stands out for his value, since it sheds more light on the history of the city and on its representatives. Each inscription, be it monumental or funeral, studied from an historical, as well as a material (decoration, media, writing and palaeography) context. The language (Arabic and sometimes Osmanli), the content and the form are thoroughly analysed. Volume 1 includes the corpus of the inscriptions, each of which is analysed, translated and annotated in a standard form. Volume 2 presents the analysis of the data. Finally, volume 3 contains the plans, maps, photos and facsimiles. This study highlights the heritage and epigraphic richness of Tripoli and its region ; it opens the way to new investigations on the Ottoman Regency.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Hist.--Aix Marseille 1, 1999. Titre de soutenance : Tripoli de Barbarie, 1795-1911, genèse et perennité des institutions municipales. / En appendice, choix de documents en arabe et en français. Bibliogr. p. 13-14 et p. 247-281.

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Geo-data visualization has always been an important tool in the urban planning process. Recent trends in geo-information technology are, however, offering additional opportunities for the development of new visualization tools. In parallel, developments have also taken place in the field of urban planning, which has evolved from the rational planning model towards a more strategic planning process with a greater emphasis on collaboration and inclusiveness. This study investigates how an innovative geo-data visualisation tool can be used to develop more inclusive and participatory planning processes, and it tests this approach by means of a case study in Tripoli, Lebanon. The study compared two geo-data visualization techniques regarding their potential for an increased involvement of different types of stakeholders in the urban planning processes: The first technique employed coloured printed transparency maps of the present land-use and the 2000-2020 Master Plan, both geo-referenced to a mosaic of QuickBird satellite imagery used to assist the participant’s orientation. The second technique was the Lenticular Foil Display (LFD) using the so-called flip effect, also based on the geo-coding of the same three “layers”. By tilting this product the observer was easily able to interpret the changes between present and planned state. The LFD technology is particularly useful for true-3D (auto-stereoscopic) viewing. Statistical evaluations of questionnaires concerning sociological and perception-scientific aspects revealed interesting details regarding the role of the new visualization method in the participatory city planning process. The result of the interviews revealed that all stakeholders were readily able to participate in the planning process and to contribute their ideas by sketch-map drawing and writing, using the LFD technology. Regarding the possibilities to stimulate the participation of different stakeholders in the planning process, the LFD was found to be more effective than the conventional approach using transparencies overlaid over orthophotos. Non-experts, in particular, preferred the LFD technology to the transparent overlays which were, however, the preferred approach for the professionals and experts familiar with Master Plan map-reading. One conclusion of the present study is that an efficient participatory urban-planning process should explicitly consider the level of map-reading skills of the stakeholders. Geo-data visualization products like the Multi-Flip-LFDs and other innovative approaches offer possibilities to improve stakeholder participation. The monograph closes by making concrete suggestions for further research into the development and optimization of LFDs.