The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the issue of endoparasitosis in horses in breeding in Brno and its surroundings. From November 2015 to January 2017, four stables with different numbers of horses with their different dispositions (age, sex, horse performance) were monitored. In total, 30 horses were observed and 450 samples of equine faeces were collected and analyzed. Samples were analyzed using flotation methods using the Breza solution. It was found that 82 % of the samples were infected with 0-5 eggs of Strongylidae parasites. The work has shown that the number of parasites egg negatively affect the horse health. The resistance of parasites to deworming products was not proven.

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is highly adaptable. This proves that it benefits in today's cultural and intensely exploited landscape. In the summer, it resides in fields where there is enough food, calm and causes damage to crop. During the winter period it moves to forests where conditions are less favourable. It is extensively hunted, disturbed by forest cuting, tourism and other human activities. In the winter time, it has only limited food sources in the woods, and therefore searches and visits the feeding sites. The escalating problems regarding the wild boar were an initiative to study his behavior. The behaviour was studied by analyzing the distribution of faecal pellet groups in the Bradlo forest complex with an area of 11.59 km2. The complex is situated in the northeast of the Czech Republic and is surrounded by agricultural landscapes. The distribution of faecal pellet groups was evaluated on 617 research areas (each covering an area of 100 m2), which were evenly distributed throughout the forest complex. In the first year (2017) was counted 20.4 individuals per km2. In the second year (2018) after intensive hunting during the year, 15.1 individuals were counted per km2. The research has examined the relationship between the amount of dropping and the factors such as geomorphological characteristics, distance from the feeding sites, water sources, forest edges, roads, hiking trails and intravilans. Impact of forest environment and Jurisdiction to the hunting area were investigated. It has been confirmed that most wild boar are staying in young dense forest stands, regardless of jurisdiction to hunting area, distance from roads, hiking trails, intravilans and areas with intensive forest cuting. With increasing distance from the edge of the forest, the number of droppings increased, and, conversely, with increasing distance from the feeding sites the number of droppings was smaller. The influence of geomorphological properties and distance from water courses has not been proved.

Le cancer de prostate était, en France en 2012, le premier cancer masculin avec plus de 53 465 nouveaux cas par an et 8 876 décès. La biopsie transrectale de prostate est la méthode utilisée afin de déterminer de manière histopathologique la présence ou non du cancer. Le plus souvent, l’urologue ponctionne la prostate en douze positions, équiréparties sur l’ensemble la prostate ainsi que des zones cibles. Ceci se fait classiquement sous guidage échographique endorectal. La difficulté pour l’urologue est de pouvoir réaliser cette cartographie de prostate de manière précise alors qu’il ne dispose, le plus souvent, que d’une imagerie 2D et que l’acquisition des images elle-même contribue à déplacer et déformer la prostate.C’est dans ce cadre que nous proposons le développement d’un modèle biomécanique de prostate patient-spécifique, utilisable en temps clinique, basé uniquement sur l’acquisition d’échographies transrectales. Ce modèle apporte un moyen de prendre en compte les déplacements et déformations de la prostate ainsi que des zones cibles. Pour cela, nous nous sommes intéressés à la construction d’une chaîne de validation permettant le prototypage et le test à grande échelle de paramètres sur des données issues de bancs expérimentaux ou cliniques afin d’évaluer l’impact de chaque étape jusqu’à la simulation biomécanique. Au cours de cette thèse, une première phase de test a été réalisée sur un fantôme réaliste de prostate afin d’étudier l’impact des paramètres de nos modèles au travers d’une étude statistique basée sur plus de 800 simulations. Des conclusions de ce premier essai, nous avons développé et validé des outils permettant l’acquisition de données cliniques tels que le calibrage d’un robot porte-sonde ou le développement d’une méthode de collision basée sur des contraintes projectives. Un premier test patient a pu être réalisé au cours de cette thèse et montre des résultats encourageants pour la poursuite de ces travaux. / In 2012 in France, prostate cancer was the most frequent cancer with 53 465 new cases estimated and 8 876 deaths. Transrectal prostate biopsy is the only method used to prove the presence of cancer with a histopathologic study. Twelve biopsies are evenly punctured all around the prostate by the urologist as well as targeted areas. This is generally done with the guidance of endorectal ultrasound images. The difficulties for the urologist are to perform this 3D task precisely and accurately based on 2D imaging. Moreover image acquisition itself contributes to prostate motion and deformation.It is within this framework that we proposed the development of patient-specific biomechanical model of prostate. This model can be used in a clinical time and is based only on 3D ultrasonographic volumes. The model allows the urologist to monitor the deformations and the displacements of the prostate and to follow targeted areas. Firstly, we were interested in building a validation workflow for prototyping and conducting a large-scale test to evaluate the impact of each necessary step before the dynamic simulation. An initial test was conducted with a realistic deformable prostate phantom. This experiment is based on more than 800 simulations allowing us to complete a statistical survey. We then developed and validated tools, such as the calibration of a robot probe-holder to improve the workflow and to perform real patient data acquisitions. An evaluation of the impact of each parameter of the biomechanical model was achieved on a realistic deformable prostate phantom. Finally, we had the opportunity to apply our workflow on one patient biopsy session acquisition. Results are encouraging and shows good perspectives to our work.

The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements. Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Ascophyllum nodosum), probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum), homeopathics, Sulfacox and scrap from the seed by Vitis vinifera. The experiment took place in the Ranč Daniela farm in the town Hůrka (close to the Horní Planá Town) from 26.7.2014 to 5.10.2014. Six groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 15 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for two weeks, than the serving stopped for two weeks and continued again. The samples of excrements were tested all the study long using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. The results were marked and evaluated. The favourable effect of Ascophyllum nodosum, homeopatics and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal tract of pheasant was significant.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the degree of damage done to the vehicle‘s body paint varnish by bird droppings; with respect to the influence of the pollution time on the thickness of the layer of lacquer. The first chapter deals with the importance of varnish and other layers of body protection, types of body varnish damage, painting technology, lacquer defects, bird droppings and its effects on the varnish of the vehicle‘s body. The second chapter is dedicated exclusively to the description, planning and measurement of the coated layers on the vehicle’s body contaminated with bird feces.

Prostate cancer diagnostic algorithm Aim: The aim of the study is to implement the latest scientific knowledge in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). We focused on tumor markers, imaging methods, prostate biopsy methodology and we created a diagnostic algorithm based on a review of current literature in combination with our own experience. Material and methods: The algorithm is divided into several branches, which have been individually subjected to clinical studies. Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of PSA, prostate health index (PHI) was added to the first line of patient stratification. 787 patients were primarily examined and these subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. PHI levels were compared with definitive staging and grading. Cut-off values for PC detection and high-risk stratification, including locally advanced PC were determined. Next, 320 patients underwent prostate biopsy followed by radical prostatectomy. The cohort was further divided into two subgroups, patients with GS = 6 and patients with GS > 6. The ability of PHI to distinguish between insignificant and significant prostate cancer was evaluated. In a multicentric study with 395 patients, PHI with additional markers (tPSA, PSAD) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate (mpMRI) was assessed....

Prostate segmentation in trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) facilitates volume estimation, multi-modal image registration, surgical planing and image guided prostate biopsies. The objective of this thesis is to develop shape and region prior deformable models for accurate, robust and computationally efficient prostate segmentation in TRUS and MRI images. Primary contribution of this thesis is in adopting a probabilistic learning approach to achieve soft classification of the prostate for automatic initialization and evolution of a shape and region prior deformable models for prostate segmentation in TRUS images. Two deformable models are developed for the purpose. An explicit shape and region prior deformable model is derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of the contour landmarks obtained from the training images and PCA of the probability distribution inside the prostate region. Moreover, an implicit deformable model is derived from PCA of the signed distance representation of the labeled training data and curve evolution is guided by energy minimization framework of Mumford-Shah (MS) functional. Region based energy is determined from region based statistics of the posterior probabilities. Graph cut energy minimization framework is adopted for prostate segmentation in MRI. Posterior probabilities obtained in a supervised learning schema and from a probabilistic segmentation of the prostate using an at-las are fused in logarithmic domain to reduce segmentation error. Finally a graph cut energy minimization in the stochastic framework achieves prostate segmenta-tion in MRI. Statistically significant improvement in segmentation accuracies are achieved compared to some of the works in literature. Stochastic representation of the prostate region and use of the probabilities in optimization significantly improve segmentation accuracies.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin malignancy of men in developed countries. In spite of treatment with curative intent up to 30-40% of patients have disease recurrence after treatment, resulting from any combination of lymphatic, hematogenous, or contiguous local spread. The concept of early detection of PCa offer benefits in terms of reduced mortality, but at the cost of over-diagnosis and overtreatment of indolent disease. This is largely due to the random nature of conventional biopsies, with a risk of missing significant cancer and randomly hitting indolent disease. In the present thesis, diagnostic performance of MRI DWI and 11C Acetate PET/CT lymph node staging of intermediate and high risk PCa, was investigated, and additionally, predictive factors of regional lymph node metastases were evaluated. Further, additional value of targeted biopsies to conventional biopsies, for detection of clinically significant PCa, was investigated. In paper one and two, 53 and 40 patients with predominantly high risk PCa underwent 11C Acetate PET/CT and 3T MRI DWI, respectively, for lymph node staging, before extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). The sensitivity and specificity for PET/CT was 38% and 96% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for MRI DWI was 55% and 90% respectively. In paper three, 53 patients with newly diagnosed PCa were included. All patients underwent multi-parametric MRI, followed by two cognitive targeted biopsies. Five more clinically significant cancers were detected by adding targeted biopsies to conventional biopsies. In paper four the value of quantitative and qualitative MRI DWI and 11C Acetate PET/CT parameters, alone and in combination, in predicting regional lymph node metastases were examined. ADCmean in lymph nodes and T-stage on MRI were independent predictors of lymph node metastases in multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion the specificity of diffusion weighted MRI and 11C Acetate PET/CT for lymph node staging was high, although the sensitivity was low. Predictive factors of regional lymph node metastases could be retrieved from diffusion weighted MRI and 11C Acetate PET/CT. By combining targeted biopsies with conventional biopsies the detection rate of clinically significant PCa could be increased.

Hormones influence life of all animals. Not only they affect physiological changes in organisms, but also impact their behaviour. This work focuses at two main groups of steroid hormones: glucocorticoids and androgens. Glucocortiods are activated in response to stress. Their levels can be measured using non-invasive methods, which have a range of advantages. The main advantage is the feedback-free sample collection for enzyme immunoassay. As the measurement involves metabolites of the hormones rather than the hormones themselves, prior validation of the method is, however, necessary. This work reports on a study aiming to validate non-invasive measurement on the Madagascar Ground Gecko (Paroedura Picta). The validation was based on ACTH challenge test: Synacthen Depot was injected, which should lead to increased blood level of glucocorticoids. The validation, however, was not successful. The measurement did not discover significant increase in the levels of the metabolites of glucocorticoids. In addition, the work focuses on behavioural effects of testosterone, the primary androgen. Hormonal manipulations have been carried out on several male and female specimens. The results have discovered differences in sexual behaviour between control groups. On the other hand, the hormonal manipulations had no...

Many studies show that large herbivores can have an important impact on the composition of vegetation. With the establishment of a year round, low density grazing regime, plant ecologists and nature managers expect that through selective grazing, herbivores will create a mosaic of different vegetation communities varying in structure and plant species composition. It is believed that such a mosaic in the end will guarantee a high degree of biodiversity. Grazing will, therefore, seem to be a suitable means to maintain grass. Also important is the ability of herbivores affect vegetation through endozoochory. In this thesis I have tried to find out what species of diet horses prefer regarding to plant species and what plant species they can spread through out endozoochory. I have compared this knowledge with the composition of pasture and meadow vegetation at the researched locality in Malenice and Hoslovice. With the purpose of finding out the preferences I established spots where I registered data on vegetation before pasture and the time intervals during the pasture. Afterwards, I researched the amount of sprouts and the composition of seedlings in excrements that I let germinate. I had to create phytocenologic shots from the pastures and meadows to compare the species of composition of grazed and...