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SANTRAUKA Sergančiųjų skydliaukės ligomis laboratorinių rodiklių analizė rajono ligoninėje Daugėjant sergančiųjų skydliaukės ligomis, vis jaunesniame amžiuje nustatant skydliaukės veiklos pakitimus, LT4 ir TTH koncentracijos kraujo serume nustatymas yra reikšmingas savo diagnostine prasme šių ligų diagnostikoje. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti sergančiųjų skydliaukės ligomis pacientų hormonų LT4 ir TTH koncentracijos kraujo serume pokyčius rajono ligoninėje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: įvertinti skydliaukės rodiklių pokyčius ir jų reikšmę vertinant hormonų LT4 ir TTH koncentracijos tirtų pacientų kraujo serume kitimą, priklausomai nuo tiriamųjų pacientų lyties, amžiaus ir sezono. Medžiaga ir metodai. VšĮ Rokiškio rajono ligoninės laboratorijoje LT4 ir TTH koncentracija kraujo serume ištirta 257 pacientams. Iš jų, tiriamąją grupę sudarė 157 pacientai, kontrolinę grupę – 100. Tyrimai atlikti automatiniu imunologiniu analizatoriumi „Elecsys 1010“. Imunofermentiniai hormonų koncentracijos kraujo serume tyrimai skirti laisvo tiroksino (LT4) ir tirotropino kiekio (TTH) nustatymui žmogaus kraujo serume ir plazmoje in vivo. Šių tyrimų nustatymo metodai pagrįsti elektrochemoliuminescentine imunologine analize. Laisvas tiroksinas yra nustatomas konkurenciniu principu, specifinio anti-T4 antikūno, žymėto rutenio kompleksu pagalba. TTH nustatymo tyrimas pagrįstas dvipusės, sluoksniuotos struktūros principu, kur naudojami du specifiniai monokloniniai antikūnai prieš žmogaus TTH. Rezultatai ir išvados... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY Analysis of indicators of thyroid pathology in a district hospital Since the number of people suffering from thyroid pathology is increasing and thyroid dysfunction is being diagnosed at an increasingly younger age, the determination of LT4 and TSH concentration in blood serum is meaningful for the diagnosis of such diseases. Study objective. To evaluate changes in LT4 and TSH concentrations in blood serum in patients with thyroid pathology in a district hospital. Study goals. To evaluate changes in thyroid indicators and their significance for the evaluation of changes in LT4 and TSH hormone blood serum concentrations in patients, depending on the gender and age of the patients and the season. Material and methods. LT4 and TSH blood serum concentrations of 257 patients were tested in the laboratory of Rokiškis District Hospital. The study group involved 157 patients and the control group included 100 patients. Tests were performed with an Elecsys 1010 immunological analyser. Immunoenzyme assay of hormone blood serum concentration is designed to measure the level of free thyroxin (LT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in human blood serum and plasma in vivo. These test methods are based on electrochemoluminescent immunological analysis. Free thyroxin is detected by concurrent assay, with specific anti-T4 antibody labelled with ruthenium complex. The test to detect TSH is based on the principle of a two-sided layered structure, using two specific monoclonal antibodies against... [to full text]

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En 2012, une nouvelle particule a ete decouverte au Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC) qui est susceptible d'etre identifie comme le boson de Brout-Englert-Higgs prevu par le Modele Standard (SM) de la physique des particules. Pour determiner si cette particule est bien celle prevue par le SM, les mesures de ses proprietes sont necessaires. Une des proprietes les plus importantes a mesurer est le couplage avec le quark top. Un test direct de ce parametre est la mesure de la section efficace de production du boson de Higgs en association avec une paire de quarks top anti-top (ttH). Dans cette these de doctorat la recherche du processus ttH (H ->bb) est presentee dans la topologie ou les deux quarks top se desintegrent hadroniquement. L'analyse dans ce canal de desintegration utilise 20,3 fb^-1 a √s = 8 TeV, recueillies avec le detecteur ATLAS au cours du Run 1 du LHC. La recherche utilise des evenements avec au moins cinq jets energiques et utilise la technique du ``boosted decision tree'' pour discriminer les evenement du signal de ceux provenant du dominant fond multijet qui est estime a partir des donnees grace a une nouvelle technique. En plus, pour cette analyse, de nouvelles techniques ont ete developpees pour l'estimation de l'efficacite du trigger utilis'e et des facteurs d'echelle. Pour une masse du boson de Higgs de 125 GeV, une limite superieure a 95% CL de 6.5 (resp. 5.4) fois la section efficace du SM est observee (resp. attendue). Une intensite du signal ttH, μ = 1.6 ± 2.6 fois la valeur du SM est obtenue. L'analyse du canal ttH (H→ bb) completement hadronique presentee dans cette these de doctorat est la premiere effectuee dans ce canal au LHC. / In 2012 a new particle was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, that is likely to be the Brout-Englert-Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. To asses if this newly discovered particle is indeed the one predicted by the SM, the measurement of its properties is necessary. One of the most important properties to be measured is its coupling to the top quark. A precise measurement of this parameter can give hints on the energy scale where physics beyond the SM can manifest itself. A direct test of this parameter is the measurement of the Higgs boson production cross section in association with a pair of top anti-top quarks (ttH). In this doctoral thesis the search of the ttH (H → bb) process is presented in the topology where the two top quarks are decaying hadronically. The fully hadronic analysis uses 20.3 fb^-1 at √s = 8 TeV, collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 1 of the LHC. The search uses events with at least five energetic jets and uses a boosted decision tree to discriminate the signal from the overwhelming multijet background which is estimated using a new data driven technique. Moreover, for this analysis, new techniques have been developed for the estimation of trigger efficiencies and scale factors. For a Higgs Boson mass of 125 GeV, a 95% CL upper limit of 6.5 (resp. 5.4) times the SM cross section is observed (resp. expected). A ttH signal strength μ = 1.6 ± 2.6 times the SM value is obtained. The fully hadronic ttH (H → bb) analysis presented in this doctoral thesis is the first one performed in this channel at the LHC.

J'ai pris part à la recherche du boson de Higgs dans l'expérience ATLAS avec l'étude de l'état final comprenant une paire de quark top anti-top accompagnée d'un boson de Higgs, dit ttH. Je me suis spécialisé sur le canal boostés, dans lequel quarks top et boson de Higgs sont émis à haute énergie.La mesure de la section efficace du processus physique pp -> ttH permet de tester la validité du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, qui prédit le mécanisme d'interaction entre quark top et boson de Higgs. / I took part in the Higgs boson search in the ATLAS experiment with the study of the final state of a top anti-top quark pair accompanied by a Higgs boson, called ttH. I have been focused on the boosted channel, in which top quarks and Higgs bosons are emitted at high energy.The measurement of the cross-section of the physical process pp -> ttH enables to test the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics, which predicts the mechanism of interaction between quark top and Higgs boson.

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Le travail scientifique présenté dans cette thèse s’appuie sur des collisions proton proton, à 13 TeV dans le centre de masse, produite par le grand collisionneur de Hadron (LHC) et enregistrées entre 2015 et 2017 par le détecteur ATLAS. Après une brève introduction sur le programme de physique du LHC, le premier chapitre donne un aperçu complet du contexte et des motivations théorique. Ensuite une description complète du détecteur ATLAS et plus généralement de l’ensemble expérimental est donnée. Le troisième chapitre traite d’une des mesures des performances du calorimètre électromagnétique ATLAS, à savoir l’étude des efficacités identification électronique à l’aide de W se désintégrant en électrons et neutrinos.Dans les chapitres suivants, le coeur de cette thèse, la recherche et l’étude de la production associée de boson de Higgs avec une paire de quark top, appelée production ttH, est traitée dans le schéma du modèle Standard et au-delà. L’observation de la production ttH avec le détecteur ATLAS a été récemment annoncée en 2018 et représente une étape importante pour le domaine de la physique des hautes énergies. Afin d’élargir le spectre de cette analyse tth au-delà du SM, cet état final du canal 4L a aussi été étudié dans le cadre de la recherche de bosons de Higgs doublement chargés se désintégrant en W$^{\pm}$W$^{\pm}$, H$^{\pm \pm} \rightarrow $ W$^{\pm}$W$^{\pm}$. En conclusions, les perspectives sur les futurs résultats scientifiques dans le modèle Standard (SM) ainsi que au-delà de SM (BSM) qui pourraient être atteint en utilisant les statistiques complètes des Run1 et Run2 combinés sont donnés. / The scientific work presented in this thesis is based on proton proton collision produced, at 13 TeV in the center of mass, created by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and recorded between 2015 and 2017 by the ATLAS detector.After a short introduction on the physics program at LHC, the first chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the theoretical context and motivation. Then a complete description of the ATLAS detector and more generally the experimental setup is given with a highlight on the different physics objects used in this research.The third chapter is dealing with a measure of the performances of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter, namely the study of the electron identification efficiencies using W decaying into electrons and neutrinos events.In the following chapters, the core of this thesis work, the search and study of the associated Higgs boson production with top quark pair, so-called ttH production, within the Standard Model schema and beyond is treated. The observation for ttH production with the ATLAS detector recently announced in 2018 represents a significant milestone for the High-Energy Physics field. In order to broaden the spectrum of this ttH analysis beyond the SM, this 4L channel final states was also studied in the context of the search for doubly charged Higgs boson decaying into W±W±, H±±→W±W±.In conclusions, future prospects in Standard Model (SM) as well as Beyond SM (BSM) scientific results that could be reached using the full Run1 and Run2 combined available statistics are given.

Forward genetic screen was performed in Arabidopsis thaliana to isolate novel genes involved in leaf development. The tarani (tni) mutant was selected for further study based on its unique cup-shaped lamina with +ve Gaussian curvature. We show that the larger size of tni leaves is due to rapid growth rate due to excess and prolonged cell division. We monitored the front of the receding cell division zone as a function of time and showed that the shape of the front is more concave compared to wild type, leading to positive curvature. Application of gibberellic acids (GA) synthesis inhibitor rescued the positive curvature of tni suggesting a role for GA in maintaining leaf flatness. Overexpression of cell cycle inhibitor KRP2 also flattened the leaf, confirming a role of cell division. The floral organs and seed are also larger in the tni mutant. Besides growth, tni trichomes are hyper-branched which usually happens when there is more endoreduplication. We found that the nuclei of tni trichomes are larger than wild type nuclei, suggesting increased DNA content. Genetic interaction studies showed that TNI works independent of other trichome branching genes such as with TRYPTICHON and FURCA1. Map-based cloning showed that tni is positioned on left arm of the 3rd chromosome. Using molecular markers, we narrowed down to interval to a 65 kb region, which codes for 19 genes. Sequencing several of them revealed a G→A transition at the 3rd intron - 4th exon junction of At3g20630 gene. RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of an additional full-length transcript with extra un-spliced 3rd intron. Overexpression of this un-spliced variant in wild type plants produced phenotypes like hyperbranched trichomes and cup-shaped leaves; plus additional phenotypes like organ fusion and organ polarity defects. Complementation and allelic tests confirmed that TNI codes for AtUBP14, an ubiquitin protease. The tni plants have longer stem and roots which grow at faster rate compared to wild type. Confocal microscopic analysis of mature embryos showed that both shoot (SAM) and root apical meristems (RAM) of tni plants are larger in size. In RAM, the numbers of quiescent center (QC) cells and stem cells have increased in tni plants. The tni inflorescence and flowers are bigger than wild type in size. Also the degree of axillary shoots has increased in the tni plants. Overexpression of the splice variant of TNI produced undifferentiated callus-like structures in the shoot apex and in hypocotyl. All these phenotypes show that TNI is involved in meristem proliferation. The tni siliques produced many un-fertilized ovules and shrunken and malformed seeds suggesting gametic and/or embryo lethality. We observed that tni embryos were mis-patterned at various stages of development. Following the cell division pattern shows that cells arising from the ‘basal cell’ of the embryo take apical cell fate in tni embryos. The topmost cell of the suspensor, which is also the precursor cell of RAM, is not specified as hypophysial cell in several tni embryos. In the forward genetic screen, we isolated another mutant called tooth (tth), which has deeper serrations at the leaf margin and narrower leaves compared to wild type. It has been mapped to the longer arm of the 2nd chromosome. Genetic interaction studies show that tth is not allelic to other serration mutants such as serrate and mir164a.

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