Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Undetected acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the 50,000 refugee immigrants from Southeast Asia to Canada would constitute a serious public health hazard. The 10,000 Southeast Asian refugee immigrants to British Columbia in 1979/80 were rescreened for acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis despite provincial and federal health authorities disagreeing on the need for such rescreening. This thesis demonstrates that the rescreening of the refugee immigrants was warranted by: A) Comparing the rate per 100,000 population with acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis among: 1) The Southeast Asian refugee immigrants arriving in British Columbia in 1979/80 with the rates of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis per 100,000 population for the three-year period 1976/78 among 2) the general population of British Columbia, 3) the registered native Indian population of British Columbia, 4) the non-refugee Asian immigrant population arriving in British Columbia, and B) Estimating the increased risk of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis to the general public from the presence of the 10,000 refugee immigrants in British Columbia. Age-specific rates of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the prevalence rates of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis confirmed bacteriologically were calculated with statistics extracted from the records of the Division of Tuberculosis Control of British Columbia, the Federal Department of Health and Welfare, and the Department of Immigration. Comparison of the age-specific rates demonstrated that acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis occurred 6 times more frequently in the refugee immigrants than in the general population of British Columbia, and 1.25 times more frequently in the refugee Asian immigrants than in the non-refugee Asian immigrants. Comparison of the prevalence rates demonstrated that acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis confirmed bacteriologically occurred 3 times more frequently in the registered native Indian population of British Columbia than in the refugee immigrants to British Columbia. The extra public health risk of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis from the presence of 10,000 refugee immigrants in British Columbia for one year was estimated to be 730 in 10⁶ for each member of the general population of British Columbia. The rate of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis occurring in the 10,000 refugee immigrants arriving in British Columbia in 1979-1980 confirmed that the rescreening of the refugee immigrants was warranted. Recommendations were made to centralize the rescreening program within British Columbia so as to minimize the public health hazards of acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis occurring in the Southeast Asian refugee immigrants. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

Pang, Tak Ting Phoebe. / "September 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-161). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.I / Abstract --- p.II / 摘要 --- p.IV / List of Figures --- p.V / List of Tables --- p.VII / Abbreviations --- p.VIII / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Historical perspective of tuberculosis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Sanatorium care --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Vaccination --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Drug treatment --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Transmission dynamics of tuberculosis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Resurgence of tuberculosis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Current global and local tuberculosis epidemiology --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- "Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, drug resistance in the world" --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Global epidemiology of tuberculosis --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Local epidemiology of tuberculosis --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- "Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and drug resistance in Hong Kong" --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Approaches in studying tuberculosis epidemiology --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Determinants of tuberculosis epidemiology --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- TB determinants in the triad of epidemiology --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Rise of spatial epidemiology --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- Recent developments of spatial epidemiology --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Spatial epidemiology and infectious disease --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Disease mapping --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Geographic information system --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Statistics in spatial epidemiology --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- Objective of literature review --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Literature search --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Strategy for literature search --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Results for literature search --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Spatial perspective in tuberculosis epidemiology --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Mapping the spatial pattern --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Understanding the spatial pattern --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Modelling the spatial pattern --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- Neighbourhood determinants of tuberculosis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- TB and demographics --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- TB and socioeconomic status --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- TB and the environment --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- TB and care factors --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5 --- Techniques applied in studying tuberculosis epidemiology --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Constructing spatial data --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Disease maps used --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- "Integrated approach using spatial statistics, conventional statistics and molecular analysis" --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6 --- Research gap and thesis objectives --- p.55 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Research gap --- p.55 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Thesis objective --- p.56 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- METHODOLOGY --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- Rationale and approach --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Logical flow of the study --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Methodological flow of the study --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2 --- Choosing spatial units --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data collection --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Tuberculosis data --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Spatial data --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Neighbourhood data --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data manipulation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Tuberculosis data --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Spatial data --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Neighbourhood data --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5 --- Centrographic analysis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Types of centrographic statistics --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6 --- Exploratory spatial data analysis --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Spatial proximity matrix --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Moran's Index --- p.79 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Local Indicator of Spatial Association --- p.79 / Chapter 3.7 --- Explanatory analysis --- p.81 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Selecting variables for modelling --- p.82 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Ordinary linear regression --- p.82 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Geographically weighted regression --- p.83 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- RESULTS --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Individual level --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Aggregated level --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results for centrographic analysis --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results for exploratory spatial data analysis --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Results for Moran's Index --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results for Local Indicator of Spatial Association --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results for explanatory analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Correlation analysis and variables selection --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Results for ordinary linear regression --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Results for geographically weighted regression --- p.116 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DISCUSSION --- p.131 / Chapter 5.1 --- Preamble --- p.131 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Methods overview --- p.132 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Results overview --- p.132 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Layout of this chapter --- p.134 / Chapter 5.2 --- Neighbourhood determinants in relation to TB --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Crowding and tuberculosis --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Poverty and tuberculosis --- p.137 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Immigrants and tuberculosis --- p.138 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Marital status and tuberculosis --- p.139 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Implication of local parameter estimates of association --- p.140 / Chapter 5.3 --- Study design for spatial epidemiology --- p.142 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Application of spatial dependence in spatial epidemiology --- p.142 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Choosing spatial units --- p.144 / Chapter 5.4 --- Methodological concern in this study --- p.146 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Concern over disease mapping --- p.146 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Application of geographically weighted regression --- p.148 / Chapter 5.5 --- Limitation of the study --- p.150 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.152 / REFERENCE --- p.153 / APPENDIX --- p.162 / Appendix 1 How to calculate TB SNR? --- p.162 / Appendix 2 How GWR works? --- p.164 / Appendix 3 What is AIC? --- p.165 / Appendix 4 How Monte Carlo test works? --- p.166 / Appendix 5 List of GWR output --- p.167