TB recurrence is defined as a new episode of bacteriologically positive TB in a patient previously declared successfully completed treatment. Our study objective was to identify risk factors of recurrence among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected TB patients. Based on a population-based TB/HIV surveillance database of Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, a retrospective cohort of TB patients with successful completions of treatment between 1997 and 2008 was constructed. Poisson regression was used to model independent effects of risk factors. TB recurrence rates were 5.4/1,000 PYs and 9.7/1,000 PYs for HIV-uninfected and infected TB patients, respectively. We identified that among HIV-uninfected patients, older age, being hilltribe, being prisoners, were at higher risk of recurrence. While among HIV-infected patients, younger age, being male, and having been cured from initial episode were associated with higher recurrence rates. Targeted, practical preventive and treatment strategies for those patients need to be implemented to lower the TB recurrence rates. / Epidemiology

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