The tenor of the Senate no longer relies on traditions of apprenticeship and courtesy. The modern reality is a highly party-polarized institution, encouraging intraparty loyalty and interparty discord. Senators’ behavior on roll-call votes and amendments exhibit this hyper-partisan culture, but that culture extends beyond voting behavior. Members' media activities, including communications with constituents and each other, are equally appealing venues to express excessive partisanship. New media technologies, such as Twitter, are extending this partisan game and punching a ticket for every member of the Senate. Twitter offers a low-cost alternative for members to express malcontent with an opposing party while signaling intra-party party support. In this paper, I tease out the extent to which a member’s party and leadership status affect their likelihood to engage in the partisan discourse that now spans social media. I introduce a unique dataset from the 112th Congress that catalogues six months of senatorial Twitter activity and find that minority party members and party leaders are more likely to name-call and express party loyalty. Twitter may be an alternative agenda space for minority interests that seek to alter the status quo and a public relations platform for party leaders who are tasked with shaping the debate. / text

Through earlier research it has been established that more and more readers are turning to social media in their search for everyday news. In this report we zoom in on news concerning football and try to find out how readers reason in picking their sources, whether it is social, online or traditional media. By interviewing a group of six, all interested in football and active within social media, we have seen that allthough social media is becoming a major influence in news reporting, it does not seem to be competing with traditional online media. Instead the two are offering the readers very different things all together, and theese differences are what we try to show in this report. Our hope is that the research in sport journalism can be translated in to all kinds of areas and be an indication on how journalism and our society is evolving online.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2010

ABSTRACT                                           Titel  Twitter – Ett hållbart komplement till den allmänna marknadsföringen hos fastighetsmäklarbyråer?   Nivå                                                   C- uppsats i Företagsekonomi   Författare                                         Lisette Lexell & Johan Wirtz   Handledare                                       Jonas Kågström   Datum                                               2012 – Maj   Syfte                                                  Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en klarare bild av hur fastighetsmäklarbyråers användning av det sociala nätverket Twitter ser ut, vad deras syfte med användningen är och vilken grupp av människor de vänder sig till. Vi vill få svar på om Twitter fungerar som ett hållbart komplement till den allmänna marknadsföringen hos fastighetsmäklarbyråerna.   Metod                                                Kvalitativa intervjuer med relevanta personer på fastighetsmäklarbyråer, som idag har konton på Twitter, har genomförts för att kunna undersöka och jämföra befintliga och obefintliga strategier för användning av byråernas Twitter-konton. En analys med programvaran Gephi har utförts där pluginet Retweet Monitor kartlägger spridningen av retweets vid en specifik #hashtag. En kvantitativ enkät med syfte att identifiera fastighetsmäklarbyråernas followers, har också genomförts.   Resultat och slutsats                               Denna studie resulterade i att Twitter kan vara ett hållbart komplement till den allmänna marknadsföringen hos fastighetsmäklarbyråer, om kanalen används på rätt sätt. En modell skapades för att kartlägga hur fastighetsmäklarbyråerna kan och använder sig av Twitter.   Förslag på vidare forskning                  Ett intresse skapades under arbetets gång om hur en strategi för fastighetsmäklarbyråer på Twitter kan utformas. Detta kan ses som ett förslag till vidare forskning. Med Gephi och Retweet Monitor finns stora möjligheter till vidare forskning av byråernas Twitter-konton och dess followers.   Uppsatsen bidrag                                   Uppsatsen kartlägger fastighetsmäklarbyråernas aktivitet på Twitter och detta kan ligga till grund vid eventuellt framtagande av en strategi i framtiden.   Nyckelord                                                Twitter, Fastighetsmäklarbyrå, Marknadsföring, Gephi / Title                                                   Twitter – A sustainable supplement to the general marketing of real estate agencies?   Level                                                  Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Author                                               Lisette Lexell & Johan Wirtz   Supervisor                                         Jonas Kågström   Date                                                   2012 – May   Aim                                                    The purpose of this thesis is to get a clearer view of how real estate agencies using the social netwok Twitter, what their purpose of the usage are and what group of people they turn to. We want to find out whether Twitter works as a substainable complement to the general marketing for real estate agencies.   Method                                              Qualitative interviews with relevant people in real estate agencies, which currently have accounts on Twitter, have been conducted to examine and compare existing and nonexistent strategies for use of the agencies Twitter accounts. An analysis of the software Gephi has been done where the plugin Retweet Monitor charts the spread of retweets at a specific #hashtag. A quantitative survey designed to identify real estate agencies followers, has also been conducted.     Result & Conclusions                             This study resulted in that Twitter can be substainable complement to the general marketing för real estate agencies if the platform is used proberly. We also created a model that maps out how real estate agencies can and make use of Twitter.   Suggestions for future research            An interest was created during the process of how a strategy for real estate agencies on Twitter can be designed. We see this as a proposal for further research. With Gephi and Retweet Monitor, we see great opportunities for further research of the agencies Twitter accounts, and its followers.   Contribution of the thesis                      In this thesis we have identifies the real estate agencies activity on Twitter and this could be the basis for possible establishment of a strategy in the future.   Key words                                               Twitter, Real estate agency, Marketing, Gephi

Twitter is one of the most popular online social networking sites. It provides a unique and novel venue of publishing: it has over 500 million active users around the globe; tweets are brief, limited to 140 characters, an ideal way for people to publish spontaneously. As a result, Twitter has the short delays in reflecting what its users perceive, compared to other venues such as blogs and product reviews. We design and implement SportSense, which exploits Twitter users as human sensors of the physical world to detect major events in real-time. Using the National Football League (NFL) games as a targeted domain, we report in-depth studies of the delay and trend of tweets, and their dependence on other properties. We present event detection method based on these findings, and demonstrate that it can effectively and accurately extract major game events using open access Twitter data. SportSense has been evolving during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 NFL seasons and it has been collecting hundreds of millions tweets. We provide SportSense API for developers to use our system to create Twitter-enabled applications.

Twitter används av ett brett spektrum av företag, alltifrån stora bolag såsom Google, till mindre företag såsom lokala caféer. I den här undersökningen ser vi på användningen av Twitter i tre små– och medelstora företag. Promotionmixen användes som plattform, vilken består av reklam, sales promotion, personlig försäljning, public relations och direkt marknadsföring, för att kunna fastställa till vad Twitter används. Syftet är att beskriva och skapa en förståelse för hur Twitter används, med hjälp av promotionmixen. Intervjuer, såväl som innehållsanalys, utfördes. Public relations var det Twitter först och främst användes till, över hälften av alla tweets var av karaktären public relations. De andra delarna av promotionmixen användes också på Twitter, dock var personlig försäljning det minsta användningsområdet. Andra områden hittades även, men promotionmixen var det Twitter användes mest till.

Because social media is a relatively new digital medium and Twitter is an even newer medium, it is important for practitioners and academics to understand how to create and utilize the best messaging strategies to induce persuasion, win brand advocates and create a sustainable, credible presence for brands on social media platforms such as Twitter. The author seeks to examine the theoretical and practical relevance of social media, with an emphasis on Twitter as well as explore how the theories of source credibility and word-of-mouth can help to better understand and measure promotional message and strategy effectiveness. / text

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A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2019 / Many local governments around the world have adopted Twitter as a tool to enable two-way communication with its citizens. Academics in the fields of Developmental Communication, Public Administration and Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) have theorised that social media platforms have the ability to enhance the delivery of services by local governments (Guillamón, et al: 2016; Kavanaugh et al: 2012; Perlman: 2012). Based on this theory, the aim of this study is to determine how the Johannesburg Road Agency, a local government entity of the City of Johannesburg in South Africa, used its Twitter account as a tool to communicate with its citizens about service delivery relevant to the entity’s scope of services. For the purpose of this study the researcher used a traditional case study research approach to illustrate how the JRA uses its Twitter account to engage in two-way participatory communication with its citizens about the services it must provide. The data for the case study was collected through content analysis of policy documents, and interviews. The study’s participants, namely the staff from the JRA’s Customer Relations Management (CRM) department, were requested to provide information through these interviews and policy documents. The study found that the JRA uses strategies, policies, protocols and plans to manage its Twitter account with staff that is trained in customer relations management. The researcher argues clientelism is practised at the JRA as the entity’s policy documents and staff members identify its citizens as mere customers paying for a service and not citizens of a democracy with definitive rights. The study further explored whether the citizens of Johannesburg, that use this method of communication with the JRA, find it useful. The majority of participating citizens have expressed that they perceive this method of communication with the JRA to be useful, however, the researcher argues that this method cannot be seen as an appropriate method due to the internet access constraints that the citizens in the City of Johannesburg experience, which prevents the majority of citizens from having access to Twitter as a communication tool. The interviewed staff argued that communicating with citizens on Twitter, a public platform, makes them feel more accountable and makes the process more transparent, while admitting that in some instances they have to lie to citizens when there are problems experienced. Therefore, the researcher concludes that the JRA has not fully utilised the opportunities that Twitter has to offer to realise participatory communication between the public service providers and citizens. / NG (2020)