Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utreda OPC-standarderna OPC Data Access och motsvarande del i OPC Unified Architecture, samt att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Behovet av en kommunikationsstandard föddes ur det interoperabilitetsproblem som fanns inom framförallt industriella produktionssystem. Med ett OPC-gränssnitt implementerat mellan en datakälla och applikation kan datautbytet ske på ett standardiserat sätt. OPC Foundation, som är en organisation som tillhandahåller olika OPC-standarder, har idag utvecklat två OPC-standarder, Classic OPC och OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC består av ett antal specifikationer som är baserade på COM- och DCOM-gränssnitten, vilket gör att dessa specifikationer är bundna till Windowsplattformen.  OPC Unified Architecture erbjuder ett säkrare och mer mångsidigt kommunikationsgränssnitt än vad Classic OPC-standarden ger, tack vare dess kommunikationsstack. Den praktiska biten i projektet bestod av att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Två delmoment som ingick i implementeringen var att skapa en testmiljö samt att utveckla en applikation ovanpå klassbibliotek som behandlade kommunikation mot OPC DA- respektive OPC UA-servrar. OPC Unified Architecture-standarden definierar endast formatet på meddelandet innan det kommer fram till kommunikationsstacken. Det här öppnar upp för möjligheten att i framtiden erbjuda kommunikationsstackar som kommunicerar enligt andra protokoll och formateringar, vilket gör att OPC Unified Architecture kommer att kunna anpassas efter framtida behov och på så sätt kommer att vara ett alternativ för interoperabilitet i system under en lång tid framöver. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the OPC standard OPC Data Access and the corresponding part in OPC Unified Architecture, and to implement OPC communication in a system. The need for a communication standard was born out of the interoperability problems that existed mainly in industrial production systems. With an OPC interface implemented between a data source and an application, the data exchange can be done in a standardized way. OPC Foundation, which is an organization that provides various OPC standards, has now developed two OPC standards, Classic OPC and OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC is a set of specifications that are based on COM and DCOM interfaces, which means that these specifications are tied to the Windows platform. OPC Unified Architecture provides a safer and more versatile communications interfaces than the Classic OPC standard provides, thanks to the communication stack. The practical bit of the project consisted of implementing OPC communication in a system. Two parts that were included in the implementation was to create a test environment and to develop an application on top of the class library that dealt with communication with OPC DA and OPC UA servers. The OPC Unified Architecture standard defines only the format of the message before it reaches the communication stack. This makes it possible to provide communication stacks that communicate according to other protocols and formats in the future, which allowing OPC Unified Architecture to be adaptable to future needs and thus will be an option for an interoperable system for a long time to come.

HMS Industrial networks is a company that offers communication solutions for automation systems. There exists an abundance of different industrial network technologies and HMS manufactures gateways that translate and allow communication between the different networks.The multiplicity of network technologies introduces problems when it comes to monitoring the processes in an automation system. It is desirable to be able to access the process data through a single network technology and this is what OPC UA is used for. Briefly, OPC UA can be described as an interface for exchange ofprocess data in automation systems. HMS has noticed a rising trend in the interest for OPC UA and therefore wants to investigate the possibility to use OPC UA on their platform, the Anybus X-Gateway. The goal of this thesis has been to port an OPC UA stack, provided by the OPCfoundation, to the HMS operating system running on an Anybus X-Gateway. The port has been successful and has been verified by unit tests and a test application. Thus, a first step towards a complete OPC UA product has been taken. Further, the thesis presents a theoretical summary about real-time operating systems to explain their function and usage.

Envirotainer builds containers that are specialized in transporting of temperature sensitive products these containers are customized for airplanes. The containers are then leased to other companies, most often to pharmaceutical companies. Envirotainer are based in Lagga, Knivsta. It is also here where the production of the containers is held. The container RAP T2 was designed in the early 80ies. The RAP T2 contains a fleet of about 1220 containers spread all over the world. This container model needs an update in order to optimize its performance. One of the improvements is achieved by optimizing the UA-value that is too high. A lower UA-value gives the performance of the container more endurance and more stability. Initial testing that was made in the beginning of the project showed that the floor in the container was the biggest stand alone module benefiter of the high UA-value. With that knowledge it was decided that my work should be about the possibility to improve the construction with a new insulation material that would optimize the UA-value. The work started off with an investigation of insulation materials. The most interesting insulation materials were weighted against each other. The result showed that Divinycell was the best insulation material for the design. Then different concepts were made, concept A were the whole floor was redesigned and concept B were an extra insulation module was designed to fit the existing floor. The concepts were weighted against each other in order to choose the final concept. Concept A was the best alternative and was chosen. The concept was then designed in PTC Creo. A prototype was built for UA-value testing. The prototype was then tested and measured against the original container in order to see how much the UA-value was lowered with the new design. And the result of the test showed an improvement of almost 37 %. The UA-value went from 25,40 W/K with the original container design to 16,05 W/K with the prototype design. This shows that an update of the floor design is in order to make the container performance better and more stabile.

The current food system relies on global industrial agriculture and undermines food security partly by destroying the economic underpinnings of a localised food system. The potential efficiency of ecologically-integrated local agriculture addresses the economic and environmental implications of climate change associated with the food chain. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare existing North American models of commercially successful UA from northern climates and to create sample designs of an urban agricultural (UA) enterprise for sites in Guelph, Ontario. A case study approach and literature review was used to elicit key components of successful UA. Results indicate that profitable small scale, ecologically integrated agri-enterprises require a high degree of technical and business skills. Two site-specific designs provide examples of how a commercial urban farm can be incorporated into the city matrix of Guelph, Ontario. / Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE)

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in South Africa and the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer. According to the American Cancer Society 2015, women have a 12% chance of developing invasive breast cancer and a 3% chance of dying from it. Despite the wide variety of breast cancers e.g. lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), many share the same etiology and target tissue. Estrogen related carcinogenesis with regard to breast cancer typically results from the activation of distinct signalling pathways. These pathways are not mutually exclusive and are often constituted by receptor mediated stimulation of cell proliferation caused by specific transcriptional gene activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation causing DNA damage and consequently mutations. The molecular pathways that cause drug resistance are not fully understood and the search continues to find novel targets for treatment. The effects of non-toxic triterpenes, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid and the role of autophagy and apoptosis as mechanisms to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer were studied in vitro in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and MCF10A breast cells. In this study the first aim was to establish the influence of OA and UA on cell growth and to see if opposing proliferation patterns could observed between the presumably ERɑ negative (ERɑ/ß -/+) MCF-10A and ERɑ positive (ERɑ/ß +/+) MCF-7 cells. This was followed by morphology studies to establish the possible presence of cytotoxicity and examination of molecular pathways contributing to the anti-cancerous properties of UA and OA and their validity as therapeutic agents. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the immortalized normal mammary cell line, MCF-10A were treated with different concentrations of UA and OA for 6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs, 48hrs, and 72hrs respectively. Cell morphology was studied in hematoxylin and eosin as well as Hoechst and acridine orange stained cells and viability was measured using crystal violet staining. Molecular techniques employed included the Tali® Apoptosis - and the cellROX assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. Morphological, viability and apoptotic studies have shown that at their lowest concentration, both UA and OA have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 and to a lesser extent on MCF-10A. Flow cytometric analysis of treated cells has demonstrated cell arrest in the S- and G2/M phase. The MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells growth inhibition effect may be due to increased autophagy and apoptosis as an alternative to decreased proliferation in MCF-7 cells. This possibility should be evaluated in further studies. The results showed that UA was more effective OA in decreasing cell numbers and it may be applied as treatment for breast cancer. Our observation has shown the treatment with OA and UA increased cell death in MCF-7 cells.The opposing proliferation patterns observed between the presumably ERɑ negative (ERɑ/ß -/+) MCF-10A and ERɑ positive (ERɑ/ß +/+) MCF-7 cells could possibly be ascribed to ERß forming homodimers that may facilitate proliferation, whereas ERɑ/ß heterodimers (expressed in 59% of breast cancers) are frequently associated with the ERɑ antagonising actions of ERß. The results indicate a trend towards biphasic and anti- proliferative effects of the reactants in breast cancer cells which may contribute towards the development of anti- cancer therapies. However, further work is must be done to identify the OA and UA mechanism(s) responsible for anticancer activity. / Libyan Embassy

The diploma thesis deals with a new approach to create a robotic arm trajectory. The first part descibes existing methods of trajectory planning. The second part shows virtual point method, implementation of the trajectory planning into the web environment and trajectory generation. Third part descibes the virtual robot model and designed comunnication protocols. The fourth part shows grafical user interface and his posibilities. The last part presents implemention of web aplication into industrial visualization.

Simulating a model of a complex physical system can beuseful in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the system.OpenModelica is an open-source, modeling and simulation environmentin which such a simulation could be performed. This thesispresents a design and implementation of an interactive simulationprototype for the OpenModelica Connection Editor. After aninvestigation of the possibilities in the current OpenModelicaenvironment, several requirements were determined about howinteractive simulation should look and work. A prototype wasdeveloped based on these requirements. As a result, the prototypecan act as a base for applying further functionality to theinteractive simulation in both parallel and future works.

Dans le but d'accroître nos connaissances sur les poudres pour usage alimentaire ou pharmaceutique, nous proposons d'étudier l'effet des procédés de fabrication, de mise en forme, la granulation sur la réactivité des poudres. La première partie est consacrée à l'effet de pureté sur les interactions-Lactose Lactose et Lactose-API mesurées / quantifiée par des techniques de champ proche (AFM, SMM, MSAFM) sous atmosphère ambiante et dans des conditions de stress stockage. Dérivant une seconde partie de la partie précédente mettra en évidence les effets des interactions sur différentes formulations pharmaceutiques, telles que la compression directe et avec une poudre sèche Inhalation inhalateur. Tout ce travail aidera à comprendre l'impact de la surface de pureté Lactose pharmaceutique qualité et la stabilité des formulations pour inhalation et par compression. / The discovery of the problem will go through training techniques at the nanoscale characterization and chemical analysis, the discovery of the industrial problem in society Armor Proteins, the validation of a pharmaceutical lactose. With the aim to increase our knowledge on powders for food or pharmaceutical use, we propose to study the effect of manufacturing processes, shaping, granulation on the reactivity of powders. The first part is devoted to the effect of purity on interactions-Lactose Lactose and Lactose-API measured / quantified by near-field techniques (AFM, SMM, MSAFM) under ambient atmosphere and under stressful conditions storage. Deriving a second portion of the preceding part will highlight the effects of interactions on different pharmaceutical formulations, such as direct compression and with a Dry Powder Inhalation Inhaler. All of this work will help to understand the impact of purity surface Lactose Pharmaceutical quality and stability of formulations for inhalation and compression.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RivaldoRMJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2773964 bytes, checksum: 11bdbfd7b049913648e3175b398fc49b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The control of industrial processes has become increasingly complex due to variety of factory devices, quality requirement and market competition. Such complexity requires a large amount of data to be treated by the three levels of process control: field devices, control systems and management softwares. To use data effectively in each one of these levels is extremely important to industry. Many of today s industrial computer systems consist of distributed software systems written in a wide variety of programming languages and developed for specific platforms, so, even more companies apply a significant investment to maintain or even re-write their systems for different platforms. Furthermore, it is rare that a software system works in complete isolation. In industrial automation is common that, software had to interact with other systems on different machines and even written in different languages. Thus, interoperability is not just a long-term challenge, but also a current context requirement of industrial software production. This work aims to propose a middleware solution for communication over web service and presents an user case applying the solution developed to an integrated system for industrial data capture , allowing such data to be available simplified and platformindependent across the network / O controle de processos industriais t?m se tornado cada vez mais complexo devido ? diversidade de equipamentos de ch?o-de-f?brica, exig?ncia na qualidade e concorr?ncia de mercado. Tal complexidade exige que, uma grande quantidade de dados seja tratada pelos tr?s n?veis de controle de processo: dispositivos de campo, sistemas de controle e software para gerenciamento. Utilizar de forma efetiva os dados presentes em cada um desses n?veis ? de fundamental import?ncia para ind?stria. Muitos dos sistemas computacionais industriais de hoje s?o compostos de sistemas distribu?dos de software, escritos em uma grande variedade de linguagens de programa??o e desenvolvidos para plataformas espec?ficas. Desta forma, cada vez mais, pequenas e grandes empresas aplicam um investimento significativo para manter ou at? mesmo reescrever seus sistemas para diferentes plataformas. Al?m disso, ? raro que um sistema de software seja executado em completo isolamento. Na ?rea de automa??o industrial ? comum que sistemas de software interajam com outros sistemas em diferentes m?quinas e at? mesmo escritos em diferentes linguagens. Tendo isto em vista, interoperabilidade n?o ? apenas um desafio a longo prazo, mas tamb?m uma exig?ncia do contexto atual de produ??o de softwares industriais. Este trabalho visa propor uma solu??o de middleware para comunica??o de aplica??es via web service, al?m de apresentar um estudo de caso aplicando a solu??o desenvolvida a um sistema integrado para captura de dados industriais, permitindo assim que tais dados sejam disponibilizados de maneira simplificada e independente de plataforma atrav?s da rede

Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture, or OPC UA, is a world-leading communication protocol specializing in unifying and automating production systems communication. In 2018 the OPC Foundation, an industrial consortium, started the OPC UA Field eXchange initiative to develop the current protocol to extend the reach of the communication down to field level devices like sensors and actuators. This paper explores whether OPC UA FX software can be implemented and integrated with HMS Networks’ product AnyBus CompactCom M40.  The problem formulation stems from the future need for factory communication. For factories to compete, they need to adapt and keep up with the technological progression. OPC UA FX is based on decentralized communication where devices transmit data to each other by distributing the load over the entire system.   The purpose of this report is to, based on the Open62541 implementation, develop software that extends OPC UA with PubSub functionality and methods that enable two or more instances to run as an FX application, meaning that the program publishes and subscribes data simultaneously. Once the software is developed, we integrate it on an AnyBus CompactCom 40 module. This will work as a communication prototype that proves that it is possible to extend OPC UA with FX into HMS Networks’ products.  Open62541 is used to gather libraries and methods needed for OPC UA development. The software is developed using C in Visual Studios and integrated into the hardware using Eclipse.  The result in the form of software was a connection-oriented data exchange, based on the OPC UA information model, where two or more instances can publish and subscribe to information simultaneously. HMS Networks can use the result on their way to implementing OPC UA FX in their products.  In conclusion, the Open62541 implementation is beneficial when developing the OPC UA protocol. The software is complete, but it could not be fully integrated into the CompactCom module. The achieved application is still useful for the development of HMS Network’s products that might use the protocol. / Open Platform Communication Unified Architechure, eller OPC UA, är ett av de världsledande kommunikationsprotokoll som är specialiserat i att förena kommunikation i produktionssystem. 2018 startade OPC Foundation, ett industriellt konsortium, ett initiativ vid namn OPC UA Field eXchange med målet att utvekcla det nuvarande protokollet så att det kan användas till kommunikation på låg nivå, exempelvis mellan sensorer och ställdon. Denna rapport utforskar ifall det är möjligt att utveckla protokollet och integrera det i HMS Networks modul AnyBus CompactCom 40.  Problemformluleringen baseras på framtida behov hos fabriker relaterat till automatisering. För att konkurrera framöver behöver fabriker anpassa sig till utvecklingen inom automatisering. OPC UA FX fokuserar på decentralierad kommunikation mellan enheter som fältanordning, maskin och moln samtidigt för att belastningen ska delas upp över hela systemet. Samtidigt som enheter i industiella nätverket fritt ska kunna överföra data mellan varandra oberoende vilken tillverkare som skapat enheten.   Syftet med arbetet är att, baserat på Open62541, utveckla PubSub teknologi med metoder som möjlighetsgör att två eller fler instanser av en FX applikation ska kunna transportera data genom att prenumerera på och publicera data samtidigt. När mjukvaran fungerar är tanken att integrera mjukvaran på en AnyBus CompactCom 40 modul för att bevisa att implementationen är möjlig i ett praktiskt sammanhang.  Open62541 används för att inkludera nödvändiga OPC UA bibliotek, funktionalitet och datatyper. Protokollet utvecklas i C i en VisualStudio miljö och integreras med hjälp av Eclipse. Resultatet i form av mjukvara var en kopplings intriktat data utbyte, baserad på OPC UA information modell, där en eller två instanser av ett program kan publicera och prenumerera på data samtidigt. HMS Networks kan använda resultatet i arbetet att implementera OPC UA FX i deras produkter. ​Sammanfattningsvis är Open62541 ett mycket användbart verktyg för utvekcling av OPC UA protokol. Dessvärre lyckades inte integrationen av mjukvaran i CompactCom modulen helt och hållet, men det som åstadkommits i arbetet kan i hög grad användas för fortsatt utveckling av OPC UA FX i HMS Networks produkter.