OBJECTIF: Évaluer l’association entre les niveaux d’arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 dans la population canadienne. MÉTHODES : L’étude a concerné 3517 adultes participant à l’Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de santé réalisée de 2007 à 2009. Tous les participants ont eu une prise de sang pour la détermination du glucose et de l’hémoglobine glyquée ainsi qu’une analyse d’urine pour la détermination de l’arsenic total. De plus, ils ont répondu à un questionnaire détaillé sur leurs habitudes de vie et leurs antécédents médicaux. L’analyse statistique a utilisé la régression logistique multivariée. RÉSULTATS : L’As total urinaire est positivement associé au diabète de type 2 et au pré-diabète : Rapport de cotes ajusté de 1,81 (IC à 95%: 1,12 à 2,95) et 2,04 (IC à 95% CI: 1,02 à 4,07) respectivement. L’As total urinaire est aussi associé avec le taux d’hémoglobine glyquée chez les diabétiques non traités. CONCLUSION : L’association entre l’exposition à l’arsenic et la prévalence de diabète et de pré-diabète est observée dans la population canadienne. / OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between As exposure, as measured by total As concentration in urine, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study involved 3517 adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) carried out from 2007 to 2009. All participants had a blood test for glucose and glycated hemoglobin determination. Urine analysis was also performed for total arsenic determination. In addition, participants answered a detailed questionnaire about their lifestyle and medical history questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression to identify significant relationships, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Total urinary As is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and pre- diabetes: Adjusted odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.95) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.02 to 4.07), respectively. Total urinary As is also associated with glycated hemoglobin in untreated diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: The association between arsenic exposure and the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes is observed in the Canadian population.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1997. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1997. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

A new method is described for the quantitative analysis of urinary benzodiazepines by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Development work was aimed at satisfying federal requirements for methods used in forensic urine drug testing which have become the standard in the laboratory industry. Trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl (TBDMS) and benzophenone derivatives were tested in the development of the new assay. TBDMS derivatives were found to be the most suitable for the analysis of six common benzodiazepine metabolites. Precision for all metabolites tested, as measured by the within run coefficient of variation, was less than 7% at 100 ng/ml (n = 15). Assay sensitivity varied with the specific analyte in the range of 5 to 10 ng/ml. Validation of the procedure included the reanalysis of benzodiazepine positive urine specimens obtained from a forensic drug testing laboratory and comparison of the results from the independent assays. These specimens were tested first by radioimmunoassay using a 100 ng/ml cutoff and then confirmed by GC/MS. Sensitivity was sufficient to confirm the presence of benzodiazepine metabolites in all specimens tested.

No description available.

Sustainable alternatives to using mined nutrients in agriculture must be found in order to limit environmental impacts such as eutrophication, habitat destruction and greenhouse gas emis-sions. Biogas slurry and urine recycled to hydroponic food production (a type of soilless agri-culture) have the potential of providing inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, the main essential nutrients required for plant growth. A Life Cycle Inventory Assessment (LCI) methodology has been used to compare the systems of producing artificial fertilizer, biogas slurry and urine based nutrient solutions for the growth of Brassica rapa L. (Chinese cabbage) in the context of a large scale hydroponic vertical farm. Costs and energy requirements have been the basis of the comparison and results show that both biogas slurry and urine are considerably cheaper than the commercial alternative and based on the nutrient content they have the potential of being successful nutrient solutions after dilution and nutrient supplementation. Filtration might also be required in order to remove suspended particles and pathogens.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1984. / Appendix 7, (3 leaves) in pocket. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Env. St.)--University of Adelaide, 1984. / Dated 1983. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-181).