It is important for any country to understand why its population makes certain choices on where to locate, since it can help to guide policy aimed at reviving deprived areas. Over the past few decades there has been a general trend for the population to migrate from the North to the South in England and Wales. Similarly, there has been an imbalance in the spread of new opportunities, with advanced services tending to locate in the South, particularly close London. This paper investigates whether changing employment patterns, away from manufacturing and towards services, has helped to facilitate migration within the England and Wales. There has been a distinct lack of empirical analysis in this area due to data limitations. Prior studies have had to utilise broad geographic regions in their analysis, providing limited insight into the reasons for such change. This paper aims to expand on these studies by looking at data on a more local level. This study made use of fixed panel regressions in order to estimate the effects of a region’s employment structure upon migration rates. The results indicate that neither the sector of employment, nor unemployment rates directly influence an individual’s likelihood to migrate. However, there is evidence to support the idea that population density influences migration, potentially as a result of agglomeration economies.

This study examines the potential effects of Brexit on the wind power industry within the UK. It became apparent that in order to reach the objective that the approach of the research needed to be broadened as it was found that Brexit has potential effects in many areas of the UK's electricity industry, including the import and export of electricity and the associated fuels used in the generation of electricity. It was found that in the event of a hard Brexit, one with no deal, that the UK's physical connections by undersea cables with the EU may be disrupted. There is a raft of legislation within the Internal Energy Market (IEM) governing this issue that will need a complete rewrite should the UK be forced to leave the IEM. Consideration was given to the effect of Brexit on the three main traditional methods used to generate electricity in the UK, coal, gas and nuclear power and how wind powered energy could be used to fill any shortfall directly or indirectly caused by Brexit. The UK Government has pledged to eradicate the use of coal in generating electricity by 2025 so the study considered only the short term effect of this. For gas, the UK is a net importer, albeit mainly from outside the EU, so the implications of Brexit on gas fired generation of electricity were discussed and found to be negligible. For nuclear powered electricity generation the implications were found to be more serious. The UK would have to resign its membership of Euratom, the European Atomic Agency Community. The potential implications of this include, limited access to nuclear fuel, and reduced participation into nuclear research carried out by the EU. The scope of Euratom also includes a large variety of areas including the safeguarding of nuclear materials in storage and in transit along with radiation protection. Plans by two Japanese companies to build new nuclear power stations in the UK have been shelved with Brexit adding to the uncertainty of their viability. It was found that the combined implications of the above could result in a shortfall in the medium term provision of electricity within the UK. Finally it was discussed whether or not wind powered energy could fill this void and it was found that the UK Government could overcome the deficiency by encouraging investment in wind power by increasing the value of their Contract for Difference, CfD,  auctions.

<p>This comparative research synthesis examines teenage motherhood in the UK and in Sweden. The UK has the highest rate of teenage motherhood in Western Europe and Sweden has the lowest. Firstly, the article examines the reasons as to why the rates differ to such an extent between these countries. Secondly, it compares the extent to which teenage mothers are socially excluded in the UK and in Sweden. Finally, it looks at how the available social support for teenage mothers differs between the UK and Sweden. The synthesis concludes that low expectations due to poverty is the main factor as to why teenage motherhood is more common in the UK than in Sweden, but that the level of social exclusion that teenage mothers face in both countries is similar. The support that teenage mothers in the UK obtain from society is customised towards them as a specific group, whilst teenage mothers in Sweden receive support that is formulated for vulnerable people in general.</p>

<p><strong><strong>Purpose and Execution –The purpose of this paper is to seek feasible suggestions and recommendations to the Chinese medical device industry under the new current market situation—Chinese health care system reform. In order to achieve this aim, we will start with introducing the background of current status of related issues. The next part will be the preparation of further analysis, which contains the theory and descriptions of the health care system reform histories of China, Sweden, the USA and UK. We will consequent present the environmental potential influential aspects. The main discussion will take place around medical device market analysis, together with three representative company case studies. After identifying the opportunities and challenges of the industry, we will draw the conclusions which are the recommendations for Chinese health care industry and also some suggestions for the Chinese government. <strong></strong></strong></strong></p><p><p>Design/Methodology/Approach – To explore these issues, besides literature reviews on market analysis (five forces, SWOT analysis), this paper applies generic competitive strategy, value-based service and service innovation as well. In addition, it also illustrates with 3 mini cases. We acquired both secondary data from related databases and primary data through questionnaires. <strong></strong></p><p>Limitation – Due to the restricted access to the specific database, the acquired information is limited to analyze the paper. Furthermore, according to the fact that the data we obtained is mostly on the basis of the whole medical device industry and it is quite difficult to be classified into particular parts, we decided to limit our research to the medical device industry that caters to both medical equipments and disposable tools when doing the analysis. In addition, since the design of questionnaire includes open questions, the research quality is heavily dependent on the individual skills of the researcher. <strong></strong></p><p>Findings – The new health care system reform will definitely boost the growth of medical device industry, but also create fiercer competition. Chinese Medical device companies need to enhance abilities of marketing, research and development, and aim at meeting customer needs to exploit new profit alternatives.</p></p>

Purpose and Execution –The purpose of this paper is to seek feasible suggestions and recommendations to the Chinese medical device industry under the new current market situation—Chinese health care system reform. In order to achieve this aim, we will start with introducing the background of current status of related issues. The next part will be the preparation of further analysis, which contains the theory and descriptions of the health care system reform histories of China, Sweden, the USA and UK. We will consequent present the environmental potential influential aspects. The main discussion will take place around medical device market analysis, together with three representative company case studies. After identifying the opportunities and challenges of the industry, we will draw the conclusions which are the recommendations for Chinese health care industry and also some suggestions for the Chinese government. Design/Methodology/Approach – To explore these issues, besides literature reviews on market analysis (five forces, SWOT analysis), this paper applies generic competitive strategy, value-based service and service innovation as well. In addition, it also illustrates with 3 mini cases. We acquired both secondary data from related databases and primary data through questionnaires. Limitation – Due to the restricted access to the specific database, the acquired information is limited to analyze the paper. Furthermore, according to the fact that the data we obtained is mostly on the basis of the whole medical device industry and it is quite difficult to be classified into particular parts, we decided to limit our research to the medical device industry that caters to both medical equipments and disposable tools when doing the analysis. In addition, since the design of questionnaire includes open questions, the research quality is heavily dependent on the individual skills of the researcher. Findings – The new health care system reform will definitely boost the growth of medical device industry, but also create fiercer competition. Chinese Medical device companies need to enhance abilities of marketing, research and development, and aim at meeting customer needs to exploit new profit alternatives.

This comparative research synthesis examines teenage motherhood in the UK and in Sweden. The UK has the highest rate of teenage motherhood in Western Europe and Sweden has the lowest. Firstly, the article examines the reasons as to why the rates differ to such an extent between these countries. Secondly, it compares the extent to which teenage mothers are socially excluded in the UK and in Sweden. Finally, it looks at how the available social support for teenage mothers differs between the UK and Sweden. The synthesis concludes that low expectations due to poverty is the main factor as to why teenage motherhood is more common in the UK than in Sweden, but that the level of social exclusion that teenage mothers face in both countries is similar. The support that teenage mothers in the UK obtain from society is customised towards them as a specific group, whilst teenage mothers in Sweden receive support that is formulated for vulnerable people in general.

Previous studies in building energy assessmnet have made it clear that the largest potential energy efficiency improvements are conected to the retrofitting of existing buildings. But, lack of information about the building stock and associated modelling tools is one of the barriers to assessment of energy efficiency strategies in the building stocks. Therefore, a methodology has been developed to describe any building stock by the means of archetype buildings.  The aim has been to assess the effects of energy saving measures. The model which is used for the building energy simulation is called:  Energy, Carbon and Cost Assessment for Buildings Stocks (ECCABS). This model calculated the net energy demand aggregated in heating, cooling, lighting, hotwater and appliances.   This model has already been validated using the Swedish residential stock as a test case. The present work continues the development of the methodology by focusing on the UK building stock by discribing the UK building stock trough archetype buildings and their physical properties which are used as inputs to the ECCABS. In addition, this work seekes to check the adequacy of applying the ECCABS model to the UK building stock. The outputs which are the final energy use of the entire building stock are compared to data available in national and international sources.   The UK building stoch is described by a total of 252 archetype buildings. It is determined by considering nine building typologies, four climate zones, six periods of construction and two types of heating systems. The total final energy demand calculated by ECCABS for the residential sector is 578.83 TWh for the year 2010, which is 2.6 % higher than the statistics provided by the Department of Energy and Climate Change(DECC). In the non-residential sector the total final energy demand is 77.28 TWh for the year 2009, which is about 3.2% lower than the energy demand given by DECC. Potential reasons which could have affected the acuracy of the final resualts are discussed in this master thesis.

My dissertation studies various questions falling into the broad context of macroeconomics and international economics. The questions have macroeconomic components because they are concerned with the behavior of aggregates. Specifically, the second and third chapters of my dissertation study the causes of fluctuations in aggregate macroeconomic variables and the way policy can be coordinated internationally to reduce these fluctuations, respectively. In addition, chapters III and IV address questions that fall into the realm of international economics. They are concerned with the optimal exchange rate regime between two countries, the consequences of partial exchange rate pass-through and the effect of an increase in vertical Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by domestic firms. The framework of my analysis is given by different versions of general equilibrium models. The second chapter of my dissertation decomposes fluctuations in aggregate observables for the UK economy during the 1980s recession. Using a modern accounting procedure, I estimate parameters that describe the economy using annual data from 1970 to 2002. Then, I simulate different versions of the model to find the distortions that are essential in driving the observed fluctuations. I find labor market distortions to be crucial in accounting for the episode, suggesting that the policies of the time were well targeted and effective. The third chapter of my dissertation studies policy coordination in a two-country framework allowing for partial pass-through. In particular, both countries are assumed to have monetary and fiscal stabilization instruments available. The optimal setting of these instruments under differing pass-through regimes is analytically derived. Fiscal policy is found to be used in a counter-cyclical fashion. In addition, the magnitude of fiscal stabilization is the largest when pass-through is partial. In the fourth chapter, I study the consequences of vertical FDI on aggregate productivity and welfare. The framework allows for heterogeneity across firms in two dimensions. It is firms that are at a disadvantage with respect to manufacturing costs that are benefiting most from moving their production process abroad. Overall, the ability to engage in vertical FDI increases productivity, lowers prices and thus increases welfare.

<p>This study examines to what extent preposition stranding is used in connection with which, whom and who in three different UK papers. Also what factors influence the use of preposition stranding has been studied. The hypothesis that pied-piping is more common than preposition stranding has been confirmed.</p><p>A factor that has a certain influence on the use of preposition stranding is the style of the paper. The more formal of the papers studied, The Times, did not use preposition stranding to the same extent as the other two, The Sun and Today.</p><p>The subject domain of the texts has influence on the use of preposition stranding, with more informal domains such as sports and miscellaneous (e.g. gossip) using stranding to a higher extent than the other domains, e.g. business, politics and culture. The prepositions themselves also influence the use of preposition stranding with some prepositions, such as on, with, for and into, that are likely to appear stranded and others, such as in that are likely to appear pied-piped.</p>

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1975. / Typewritten.