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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Anne Marie Baylouny, Vali Nasr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87). Also available online.

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / The Shiite ulama have become politically active in past decades, beginning in the 1960s-70s with the articulation of the new ideology that empowered the Iranian Revolution. Though a significant portion of the ulama retained their quietist tradition, enough felt motivated by wilayet e-faqih to become a major force in the political landscape. The ulama were particularly well suited to lead a successful social movement. Shiite tradition and symbology, once released from the bonds of quietism, were perfectly suited to motivate a struggle for justice. Despite the ulama's successful leadership, they are most influential when they are part of an underground opposition movement. The three case studies demonstrate that when movements reach a certain level of success, the ulama tend to retreat back to their studies. While many significant ulama continue to pay lip service to the wilayet e-faqih, many have also admitted that it is not practical in their country's particular circumstance. This is not to say that they are not influential, but that they prefer to let others perform daily political tasks. The scowling, turbaned 'alim is not necessarily the uncontrolled voice of radicalism bent upon founding an Islamic state.

<p>This dissertation is an account of how contemporary Pakistani ulama grapple with their political realities and the Islamic state of Pakistan. The central conceptual question that scaffolds my dissertation is: How do Pakistani ulama negotiate tradition, authority and sovereignty with the Islamic Republic of Pakistan? In engaging with this issue, this dissertation employs a methodology that weds ethnography with rigorous textual analysis. The ulama that feature in this study belong to a variety of sectarian persuasions. The Sunni ulama are Deobandi and Barelvi; the Shia ulama in this study are Ithna Ashari. </p><p>In assessing the relationship between Pakistani ulama and their nation-state, I assert that the ulama's dialectical engagements with the state are best understood as a dexterous navigation between affirmation, critique, contestation and cultivation. In proposing this manner of thinking about Pakistani ulama's engagements with their state, I provide a more detailed and nuanced view of the ulama-state relationship compared to earlier works. While emphasizing Pakistani ulama's vitality and their impact on their state, this dissertation also draws attention to the manners in which the state impacts the ulama. It theorizes the subject formation of the ulama and asserts the importance of understanding the ulama as formed not just by the ethico-legal tradition in which they are trained but also by the state apparatus.</p> / Dissertation

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2005 u.d.T.: Marjani, Gustiana Isya: The concept of religious tolerance in Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) / Hergestellt on demand

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1978. / Photocopy of typescript original. Includes vita. Bibliography: p. 307-316.

Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1990. / Indonesian and English. Translation of: Fatwās of the Council of Indonesian Ulama; with original English version following. English t.p. [iii]: Fatwas of the Council of Indonesia[n] Ulama : a study of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia, 1975-1988 / by Mohammad Atho Mudzhar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-157, 127-137 [2nd numeration]).

Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1990. / Indonesian and English. Translation of: Fatwās of the Council of Indonesian Ulama; with original English version following. English t.p. [iii]: Fatwas of the Council of Indonesia[n] Ulama : a study of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia, 1975-1988 / by Mohammad Atho Mudzhar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-157, 127-137 [2nd numeration]).

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 307-315).