Abstract The aim of this examination paper is to get an overview on the “no-maintenance” windows that exist on the Swedish market, like plastic and aluminium windows. By way of introduction the reader gets knowledge in the background and problemformulate that this subject has. This introduction explains why it has become so popular to change your windows into plastic- and aluminium windows and there is an existing scepticism against PVC and aluminium as construction material for windows. The main part of this report is constructed by segments of interviews where both producers of windows and stakeholders gets to answer questions about their viewing on no-maintenance windows from a material and construction point of view and where the production is headed to in the future. This is followed by an evaluation of a questionnaire on how pleased the house owners that changed their old windows to no-maintenance windows are, followed by an inspection of windows made up from wood and an aluminium clothing, windows made from only aluminium and PVC-based windows. It ends with a theory part about the materials PVC and metal based upon facts included in literature. By reading this report you can draw the conclusion that no window can be entirely nonmaintenance but that the materials PVC and aluminium still are good substitutes for wood to lessen the maintenance. / Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete syftar till att få en överblick på så kallade underhållsfria fönster ute på svenska marknaden såsom plast och aluminiumfönster. Inledningsvis ges en introduktion där läsaren sätts in i ämnet via bakgrund och problemformulering. Här tas upp varför det har blivit populärt att byta till plast och aluminiumfönster och att det finns en viss skepticism mot PVC och aluminium som konstruktionsmaterial i fönster. Huvuddelen av rapporten består av en intervjudel där både fönstertillverkare och intressenter får besvara frågor om bland annat deras syn på underhållsfria fönster ur material och konstruktionssynpunkt och vad de tror om framtiden. Sedan följer en utvärdering genom en mindre enkätundersökning om hur nöjda villaägare är som har bytt till dessa fönster. Därefter följs den av en besiktning av träfönster med aluminiumbeklädnad, hel aluminium- och PVC-fönster. Den avslutas med en teoridel om materialen PVC och metall som grundar sig på faktaböcker. Av rapporten kan man dra slutsatsen att inget fönster kan vara helt underhållsfritt men att materialen PVC och aluminium är en bra ersättning för trä i syfte att minska underhållet.

Symptoms of harsh environments create pressure on autonomous machines to work wellwith the use of measurement devices. Sensors used within construction equipment vehiclessuffer from being covered with fogs of dirt, oil, water, and dust. Autonomous vehicle’sdependency on fully functional sensors paves roads for research to be made on ways to keepsensor data from being compromised and automation to be improved.In cooperation with Dynapac Compaction Equipment AB, this master’s thesis problemopted for innovative and sustainable product development to tackle the problem. The thesiscomprises of 30 credits. In this thesis, work will be done emphasizing on ways to keepautonomous performance at peak for construction equipment vehicles with low to no capacityfor sophisticated equipment and supply of power and water. For reference, the project targetsasphalt rollers due to their relevance at Dynapac.With the use of innovative product development tools, the problem is to be tackled with anengineering approach revolving around the design thinking process. All progress will beconstituted at Dynapac’s facilities in Karlskrona. Interviews and dialogue with relevantindividuals are to be held to create value based on customer needs which has been of highpriority and is to be iteratively monitored throughout the project. Prototyping will play a partwith large amount of testing to prove concept, including processes of 3dmodeling andmanufacturing of components.With measurement incorrections reaching up to 80 degrees out of a measurement spanwithin the range of 0 to 150 degrees, three concepts have been established, each of which areequipment neutral to benefit construction vehicles which has shown to be valuable within theindustry.A pipe concept which’s purpose is to hide the sensor further and create distance betweensensor lens and measurement surface has been established. The concept is feasible for theconstruction industry, protects the sensor from debris and supports autonomous systems.