During the twentieth century, particle physics developed into a cornerstone of modern physics, culminating in the Standard Model. Even though this theory has proved to be of extraordinary power, it is still incomplete in several respects. It is our aim in this bachelor thesis to discuss some possible theories beyond the Standard Model, the main focus being on Grand Unified Theories, while also taking a look at attempts of further unication via discrete family symmetry. At the heart of all these theories lies the concept of local gauge invariance, which is introduced as a fundamental principle, followed by an overview of the Standard Model itself. No theory has so far managed to unify all elementary particles and their interactions, but some interesting features are highlighted. We also give a hint at some possible paths to go in the future in the quest for a unication in particle physics. / Under 1900-talet utvecklades partikelfysiken till en av de fundamentala teorierna inom fysiken, och kom att sammanfattas i den s.k. Standardmodellen. Även om denna modell rönt exceptionella framgånger vad gäller beskrivningen av elementarpartiklar och deras växelverkan, är den fortfarande ofullständig på flera sätt. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att diskutera möjliga teorier bortom Standardmodellen såsom Storförenande Teorier och diskreta familjesymmetrier vars avsikt är att koppla samman de tre familjerna av fermioner i Standardmodellen. Men först introduceras idén om lokal gaugeinvarians, vilken ligger till grund for dessa teorier, varpå en översikt av Standardmodellen följer. Ingen teori har ännu lyckats ge en helt tillfredsställande bild av elementarpartiklar och deras interaktion, men en del intressanta egenskaper hos föreslagna teorier belyses i denna uppsats. Slutligen ges en del spekulativa förslag på väger att gå i framtida försök till föreningar inom partikelfysiken.

Ingeniero Civil en Computación / El trabajo consiste del desarrollo de un sistema para el pago de algunos beneficios otorgados en la Reforma Previsional de la Ley 20.255 del 2008, por el Instituto de Previsión Social, IPS (ex INP). En este proyecto, realizado por la empresa Synapsis, participan aproximadamente 12 personas. Mi rol fue de Líder de Proyecto a cargo del equipo de analistas y programadores. El trabajo fue realizado con una Metodología de Desarrollo basada en Unified Process (UP), identificando las fases, actividades, roles y productos o artefactos del proyecto. Paralelamente se define una arquitectura de desarrollo e implementación, la que describe los patrones de diseño de la aplicación, basada en estándares abiertos. Para las interfaces de usuario se acuerda un manual de usabilidad y estilos, orientado a los funcionarios del IPS, donde se describen los estándares que deben poseer las páginas Web para las funciones básicas de búsqueda, edición e impresión de informes, entre otras funcionalidades. Finalmente, se define un plan de puesta en producción, donde se acuerdan pasos a seguir para la aceptación del producto, para la capacitación de los funcionarios, para la migración de los datos, para la instalación en producción de los programas y para el seguimiento de su funcionamiento en cuanto a reporte de fallas. El sistema se desarrolla y se pone en producción en las fechas acordadas, definidas en la Ley. El proyecto está en producción hace más de un año, período en el cual los beneficiarios han recibido sus pagos en forma regular, sin ningún contratiempo.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / The U.S. Army's Objective Force is being developed as a faster, lighter, more rapidly deployable alternative to the current force structure. The development of a strategy for the allocation of the Unit of Action's organic sensing assets is necessary to achieve the maximum situational awareness and information dominance required for successful combat operations on the future battlefield. This thesis presents a methodology for finding an appropriate mix and allocation strategy for organic Unit of Action sensors in a given scenario. Three aggregate levels are identified: sensors, platforms, and packages and performance measures are developed at each level. Two optimization models were developed, (1) a Sensor Allocation Model that, given a fixed mix or inventory, allocates assets to target areas on the battlefield, and (2) a Sensor Mix Model that suggests an organic mix of sensors for consideration in developing the Objective Force structure. These models have the additional potential for use as an operational decision support tool for unit commanders. The notional data set used for model development included ten platform types, ten target clusters, ten target categories, four enemy orders of battle, and four outcomes, however these inputs are easily modified based on the requirements of the user or analyst. / Major, United States Army

Orientador: Paulo José Amaral Serni / Banca: Wilson Komatsu / Banca: Fernando Pinhabel Marafão / Resumo: Dentre as muitas topologias de condicionadores de energia disponíveis na literatura, destaque especial tem sido dado aos filtros ativos de potência, dispositivos tipicamente eletrônicos, controlados digitalmente. Neste sentido, as topologias mais estudadas são as de filtros ativos paralelos, filtros ativos série e filtros ativos universais (série-paralelo). Neste trabalho, foi dada atenção especial ao estudo de um filtro ativo universal, também conhecido coo Condicionador Unificado de Qualidade de Energia (CUQE) ou em inglês, Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). Assim, dentre os muitos assuntos que permeiam o projeto e implementação deste dispositivo, este trabalho propõe novos algoritmos para a geração de referência dos conversores eletrônicos, bem como algoritmos de inicialização e proteção do CUQE. Os algoritmos de referênciasão baseados em técnicas de álgebra vetorial e filtragem digital, enquantoas rotinas de inicialização e proteção visam à solução de problemas de ordem prática, para que o dispositivo possa ser utilizado em ambiente industrial, como produto. Um estudo sobre os controladores de tensão e corrente também foi realizado e as técnicas mais adequadas estão descritas no trabalho. Destaca-se que todos os algoritmos de geração de referência, proteção, inicialização e os controladores foram avaliados e validados por meio de simulações computacionais e resultados experimentais. No caso dos resultados experimentais, foram realizados ensaios em malha aberta para validação dos algoritmos de referência, bem como ensaios em um protótipo de CUQE, de potência igual a 75 KVA, os quais validaram o desempenho de todos os algoritmos desenvolvidos em um dispositivo real para aplicações industriais / Abstract: Among different topologies of power conditioners found in literature, special emphasis has been given to active power filters (typically power electronic devices with digital control). In this sense, the most studied topologies have been the parallel active filters, the series active filters and the unified active filters (series-parallel). In this work, special attention was given to the study of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). Thus, among many issues that underline the design and implementation of this device, this dissertation proposes new algoritmos for the generation of voltage and current references to the applied power converters, as well algoritmos for the initialization and protection of the UPQC. The reference algorithms are based on vector algebra and digital filtering techniques, while the initialization and protection routines aimed to solve practical problems, so the device can be used in and industrial environment, as a commercial product. The voltage and current controllers were also studied and the most suitable techniques are described. It is noteworthy that all proposed algorithms and controllers have been evaluated and validated by means of computer simulations and experimental results. The experimental validation were performance by means of open loop tests, as well as considering an UPQC prototype (75 KVA rated) in order to validate the overall UPQC development and the performance of the proposed algorithms / Mestre

Documenting business processes using process models is common practice in many organizations. However, not all process information is best captured in process models. Hence, many organizations complement these models with textual descriptions that specify additional details. The problem with this supplementary use of textual descriptions is that existing techniques for automatically searching process repositories are limited to process models. They are not capable of taking the information from textual descriptions into account and, therefore, provide incomplete search results. In this paper, we address this problem and propose a technique that is capable of searching textual as well as model-based process descriptions. It automatically extracts activity-related and behavioral information from both descriptions types and stores it in a unified data format. An evaluation with a large Austrian bank demonstrates that the additional consideration of textual descriptions allows us to identify more relevant processes from a repository.

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2013

<p>We use a system model expressed in a subset of the Unified Modeling Language to perform fault isolation in large object oriented control systems. Due to the severity of the failures considered and the safety critical nature of the system we cannot perform fault isolation online. Thus, we perform post mortem fault isolation which has implications in terms of the information available; the temporal order in the error log can not be trusted. In our previous work we have used a structural model for fault isolation. In this thesis we provide a formal framework and a prototype implementation of an approach taking benefit of a behavioral model. This gives opportunities to perform more sophisticated reasoning at the cost of a more detailed system model. We use a model-checker to reason about causal dependencies among the events of the modeled system. The model-checker performs reasoning about temporal dependencies among the events in the system model and the scenario at hand, allowing for conclusions about the causal relation between the events of the scenario. This knowledge can then be transferred to the corresponding fault in the system, allowing us to pinpoint the cause of a system failure among a set of potential causes.</p> / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2000:59.

Thesis (LL. M.)--Judge Advocate General's School, United States Army, 1996. / "April 1996." Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in microfiche.

To achieve predictive capability for complex environmental systems with coagulation and arsenic sorption, a unified improved coagulation model coupled with arsenic sorption was developed. A unified coagulation model coupled with arsenic sorption was achieved by the following steps: (1) an improved discretized population balance equation (PBE) was developed to obtain the exact solution of conventional coagulation, (2) the improved PBE was extended to an adjustable geometric size interval having higher numerical stability, accuracy, and computational efficiency than existing models for fractal aggregate coagulation that includes agglomeration and fragmentation, (3) a surface complexation equilibrium model and a sorption kinetic model was introduced to predict arsenic sorption behavior onto hydrous metal oxide surfaces, and (4) an improved discretized PBE was coupled with arsenic sorption kinetics and equilibrium models by aid of collision efficiency ?? depending on surface charge (potential) on the hydrous metal oxide particles, colliding particle size ratio, and fluid strain-rate in applied flow system. The collision efficiency ?? into the improved (r,r)ij(r,r)ijdiscretized coagulation model for fractal aggregate yielded a unified improved coagulation model coupled with arsenic sorption kinetics and the equilibrium model. Thus, an improved unified coagulation model could provide high statistical accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency to enhance predictive capability for behavior of arsenic sorption and fractal colloid particle aggregation and break-up, simultaneously. From the investigation, it is anticipated that the unified coagulation model coupled with arsenic sorption kinetics and equilibrium will provide a more complete understanding of the arsenic removal mechanism and its application to water/wastewater treatment. Further, this coupled model can be applied to other water and wastewater treatment systems combined with sorption and filtration processes. These combined processes can be optimized by the coupled model that was developed in this study. By simulating the arsenic sorption and particle size distribution as a pretreatment before filtration (sand filtration or membrane filtration), the overall arsenic removal efficiency and operation cost can be estimated.

The purpose of this study was to identify, describe, and examine the aspirations of Goessel stakeholders for USD 411 and their community using an appreciative inquiry research perspective and the theoretical frameworks of social capital. The data revealed seven aspirations. (1) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders aspire to a unique and independent identity for USD 411. (2) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders aspire to maintain a unique and independent school system with high academic standards. (3) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders shared their aspirations to maintain their high degree of quality of life and sense of safety that they perceive to exist in the community. (4) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders aspire to maintain a positive relationship between USD 411 and the churches within the community. (5) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders aspire to embrace diversity. (6) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders have aspirations for community improvements. (7) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders hold a positive view toward meeting the challenges they perceive to face the community of Goessel and USD 411. The data also revealed three challenges. (1) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders recognize the challenges that exist in sustaining a small town atmosphere and are willing to work together to seek a viable community based solution. (2) The Community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders recognize the inherent challenges of sustaining high academic standards in USD 411 due to potential changes in the community’s demographics if population growth is encouraged. (3) The Community of Goessel stakeholders provided evidence of social capital in the community as expressed through high levels of bonding capital and the need to generate more bridging capital. The findings also suggest that the community of Goessel stakeholders and USD 411 stakeholders are willing to work cooperatively to overcome the challenges they face to sustain the community of Goessel and USD 411. Social capital can be found throughout the community of Goessel and USD 411. The data revealed an abundance of bonding capital. The data also revealed evidence of bridging capital. Establishing linkages and bridging capital to outside resources will help the community of Goessel stakeholders achieve their aspirations. / Thesis (Ed.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Leadership. / "May 2005."