Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-05T11:42:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9083735 bytes, checksum: 38931cb14eb92588b2dd5f4223417162 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T11:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9083735 bytes, checksum: 38931cb14eb92588b2dd5f4223417162 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / The objective is to evaluate the environmental fragility and guidelines for environmental zoning (EZ) using geospatial analyses techniques in the Monteiro County, Paraíba State. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two different environmental fragility methodologies to use the results to develop environmental zone classes within Brazilian semiarid region. The two methodologies used in this study were: (a) original purpose developed by Crepani et. al. (2008) and adapted to the local reality, in which it was analyzed the vulnerability to soil loss, its use and occupation, and the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs); (b) adopted purpose of Crepani et. al. (2008), that instead of using the map of soil loss vulnerability, it was used the estimation of soil loss achieved from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The map of soil loss vulnerability was achieved by algebra of maps related to the following themes: Geology, Geomorphology, Pedology, Land Use Cover, and Climatology. The estimative map of soil losses, using USLE, was achieved from the factors of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic and management, and conservation practices. As a result, two EZ maps were achieved. In both cases were identified ten types of indicated use, having one of them presented a higher percentage of Environmental Control area, which demands maintenance of both the existent vegetal cover and the quality of hydric sources; while another map has presented a higher percentage of Priority Preservation Area, which presents areas covered by vegetation of dense and preserved forest, but with high erosion degree. This research not only shows the city areas of higher environmental vulnerability, but also proves the importance of EZ to the control of soil use and occupation in an orderly and planned way. It is, then, government duty to elaborate, based on this study, its law to ordainment of territory. From this research it is possible to deepen the studies to create the Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ), which is concerned not only with the preservation, rehabilitation and recovery of environmental quality, but also with the social and economic development. / Objetivou-se avaliar a fragilidade ambiental e diretrizes para o Zoneamento Ambiental (ZA) utilizando técnicas de análises geoespaciais para o município de Monteiro, localizado no Estado da Paraíba. A proposta desse estudo foi aplicar duas metodologias diferentes para avaliar a fragilidade ambiental e usar os resultados para criar classes de zonas ambientais em uma porção semiárida da região Nordeste do Brasil. As duas metodologias utilizadas foram: (a) proposta original de Crepani et al. (2008) e adaptada à realidade local, em que foi analisada a vulnerabilidade à perda de solo, o seu uso e ocupação, e as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs); e (b) proposta adaptada de Crepani et al. (2008), que ao invés de utilizar o mapa de vulnerabilidade à perda de solo, utilizou-se a estimativa de perda de solo gerada a partir da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS). O mapa de vulnerabilidade à perda de solo foi adquirido por álgebra de mapas relacionados aos temas: Geologia, Geomorfologia, Pedologia, Cobertura Vegetal e Uso da Terra e Climatologia. O mapa de estimativa das perdas de solo, utilizando EUPS, foi gerado a partir dos fatores de erosividade das chuvas, erodibilidade do solo, comprimento de rampa e declividade, uso e manejo e práticas conservacionistas. Como resultado, foi obtido dois mapas de ZA. Em ambos os casos, foram identificadas dez classes de uso indicado, tendo um apresentado maior percentual de área de Controle Ambiental, que requer manutenção da cobertura vegetal existente e da qualidade dos recursos hídricos, e outro apresentou maior percentual de Área de Preservação Prioritária, que apresenta áreas cobertas por vegetação de mata densa e preservada, porém com alto grau de erosão. Essa pesquisa mostra as áreas de maior fragilidade ambiental do município, além de comprovar a importância do ZA para o controle do uso e ocupação do solo de forma ordenada e planejada. Cabe, portanto, ao órgão municipal elaborar, baseado nesse estudo, sua legislação para ordenamento do território. A partir dessa pesquisa é possível aprofundar os estudos para gerar o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE), onde, além das preocupações com a preservação, reabilitação e recuperação da qualidade ambiental, passa-se a uma maior preocupação com o desenvolvimento econômico e social.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-131) / Text in English with summaries in English and Afrikaans / There are certain influences from the eighteenth and nineteenth century English and German romantic Zeitgeist that can be discerned in Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales. The role of the imagination stands out as a particularly dominant notion of the romantic period as opposed to the emphasis on reason during the Enlightenment. It is this romantic influence that Andersen’s tales especially exemplify. For him the imagination is transcendent – one can overcome the mystery and hardship of an earthly existence by recasting situations imaginatively and one can even be elevated to a higher, spiritual realm by its power. The transcendent power of the imagination is best understood by viewing it through the lens of negative capability, a concept put forward by romantic poet, John Keats. The concept implies an “imaginative openness” to what is, which allows one to tolerate life’s uncertainties and the inexplicable suffering that forms part of one’s earthly existence by using the imagination to open up new potential within trying circumstances. In selected fairy tales, Andersen’s child protagonists transcend their circumstances by the power of their imagination. In other tales, nature is instrumental in this imaginative transcendence. The natural world conveys spiritual truths and has a moralising influence on the characters, bringing them closer to the Ultimate Creator. This follows the philosophy of German Naturphilosophie, as well as that of English romantics like Coleridge and Wordsworth, for whom nature functions as a portal to the spiritual world. The concept of the “sublime” underpins this philosophy. If nature is viewed through an imaginative, instead of an empirical lens, it becomes the means by which the temporal world can be transcended. It is a message of hope and as such is in keeping with Andersen’s self professed calling as visionary who uses his art to uplift mankind. In this he is the ultimate romantic hero or outsider who, while standing on the periphery of society, observes its shortcomings and feels called upon to show the way to a better world. / Sekere invloede van agtiende- en negentiende eeuse Engelse en Duitse romantisisme kan in Hans Christian Andersen se feëverhale bespeur word. Veral die rol van die verbeelding staan uit as ‘n dominante invloed van romantisisme, in teenstelling met die laat sewentien- en vroeë agtiende eeuse fokus op rasionaliteit. Dit is hierdie romantiese invloed wat Andersen se verhale veral versinnebeeld. Vir hom is die verbeelding transendentaal – ‘n mens kan die misterie en swaarkry van jou aardse bestaan oorkom deur situasies deur die oog van die verbeelding te bejeën en kan selfs deur die mag van die verbeelding opgehef word na ‘n hoër, meer spirituele vlak. Die transendentale mag van die verbeelding kan beter begryp word wanneer dit deur die lens van “negative capability” gesien word. Hierdie konsep is deur die romantiese digter, John Keats, voorgestel. Die konsep impliseer ‘n verbeeldingryke openheid in die aangesig van aardse onsekerheid en swaarkry, wat die mens uiteindelik in staat stel om nuwe potensiaal in moeilike omstandighede raak te sien. In uitgekose feëverhale, oorkom Andersen se kinderprotagoniste hul moeilike omstandighede deur die mag van die verbeelding. In ander verhale is die natuur deurslaggewend in dié transendentale verbeeldingsreis. Nie net dra die natuur geestelike waarhede oor nie, maar dit het ook ‘n moraliserende invloed op die karakters, wat hulle nader aan ‘n Opperwese bring. Dit herinner aan die Duitse Naturphilosophie, asook die sienswyse van Engelse romantikusse soos Coleridge en Wordsworth, vir wie die natuur ‘n deurgangsroete na die geestelike wêreld is. Die idee van die “sublime” is onderliggend aan hierdie filosofie. As die natuur deur middel van die verbeeldingslens, in plaas van deur ‘n empiriese lens bejeën word, kan dit ‘n manier word om die aardse te oorkom. Dit is dus ‘n boodskap van hoop wat in lyn is met Andersen se selfopgelegde taak as profeet wat sy kuns gebruik om die mensdom op te hef. In hierdie opsig is hy die absolute romantiese held of buitestaander, wat, ofskoon hy aan die buitewyke van die samelewing staan, tóg tekortkominge raaksien en geroepe voel om die weg na ‘n beter wêreld te wys. / English Studies / M.A. (English)