Tourism is an economic alternative to revitalise Turkey's economy. However, without good planning, it can turn out to be a big damage on natural resources of an area. Yumurtalik is a study area of this thesis. Yumurtalik is a small town (population, 3970) located on the east Mediterranean coast 74 kilometre from the fourth biggest city, Adana, of Turkey. Tourism is in beginning stage in the town, though possible boom is expected because of town's natural, historic resources and availability to all budget types. Review of literature on tourism, coastal and historic planning and our surveys indicate that integrated form of tourism that respect local landscapes as well as local culture and heritage is the most appealing way to benefit from tourism for Yumurtalik. National scale tourism is suggested. Revitalisation of Old Town and creating new attractions are proposed along with preserving natural open space along the coast.

This study tests the effects of the opportunity structure and socialization for family formation on the occupational attainment process of women in Jamaica. It shows that, the opportunity structure and socialization for family formation exert independent effects on occupational goals. However, with the exception of the net effect of type of secondary school, the effects of the opportunity structure and socialization for family formation vary with family structure. Similarly, with few exceptions, the effects of the opportunity structure on family formation also vary with family structure. / Using data from a survey of young women ages 13 to 17 and LISREL VII, a recursive linear structural model of occupational expectations is estimated. The results show that the direct effects of household size, type of secondary school and changes in the level of unemployment on occupational goals operate only in households headed by fathers. The effect of mother's education is indirect and operates only where households are headed by fathers. Where households are headed by mothers or other relatives, that is, where fathers are not present, the effects of the opportunity structure on occupational goals are indirect. / The direct effects of young women's family formation goals, specifically, the age at which they expect to have their first child and type of conjugal union, on their occupational goals are also a function of family structure. Where fathers are heads of households there is a direct link between occupational goals and the expected age at entry into motherhood. Where mothers or other relatives are heads of households, there is a direct link between occupational goals and expecting to live in married unions. / Finally, the effects of the opportunity structure on family formation goals also vary with family structure. / I recommend that policies to address family structure and community development become components of Jamaica's development plans and, that existing policies that address the structure of secondary education be enhanced. Policy makers can effect changes in goals and, ultimately in attainment and behavior, by effecting changes in major societal institutions and in community development. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-03, Section: A, page: 1123. / Major Professor: David F. Sly. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The purpose of this exploratory study is to empirically test the assumptions of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) on the crime of burglary. Prior burglary studies suggest that the physical environment does impact on crime rates. This work examines commercial as well as residential burglary, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. It then takes the research one step further by dividing residential burglaries into the categories of single-family, duplex, and multifamily units. / Thirty-four independent variables were collected and empirically tested using logistic regression. The resulting data was also checked for interactions among the independent variables, something no other study has done. / A major finding of this research is that mixed land-use contributes to the risk of burglary. This finding was found in all four of the equations. Accessibility was also discovered to be significant in several models. Accessibility, as a category, examined pedestrian and automobile traffic, types of front doors, and whether the windows were obstructed. The last category supported prior studies indicating that obstructed windows increase the risk of crime. Results of this research failed to find that automobile traffic played any part in predicting crime. / Based on the findings of this work, several policy implications are presented, and several avenues of future research are discussed. The original purpose of this study was to test CPTED, and it is this author's contention that the research supports the theory. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-04, Section: A, page: 1536. / Major Professor: C. Ray Jeffery. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1995.

Using a mixed-method qualitative approach this dissertation examines citizen participation in urban planning in Colon, Panama from three different perspectives: long-standing, conventional institutional mechanisms for citizen participation; new 'bottom-up' efforts by emergent grassroots organizations; and 'top-down' expert-driven, 'participatory' projects devised by international development organizations and the Panamanian state. In so doing, this dissertation argues three main points. First, participation cannot be adequately assessed using the 'best-practices' models as benchmarks, as understanding participation requires a deeper analysis. 'Not-so-perfect' cases here highlight the processes of negotiation that shapes the ecology of actors involved in the participatory process. This is particularly important for the case of Colon where participation is still working under a dominant political system that has yet to reform institutional mechanisms for participation. Second, participation is complex, both token act and an effective avenue for citizens to have a voice in deciding the future of their cities, especially in practical ways, such as improving housing and access to job availability. Finally, economic globalization can partly explain participation in urban planning, yet it is still unclear if it actually changes the way in which people organize. The case of Colon demonstrates the need for a new, more dynamic, and flexible model for participation, reflecting processes that may well be occurring in many similarly smaller, less influential cities. Far from being simply co-opting, or admirably collaborative, this dissertation reveals how city planning is many things at once / acase@tulane.edu

The urban environment of the City of New Orleans is geographically landlocked between the crescent of the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. Practically all available land for development has been saturated leaving only outlying areas for new development. In the past, traditional concentric growth, manifesting itself in the form of new peripheral development, attracted the affluent population to the suburbs leaving deteriorating inner-city neighborhoods to the poor Today, the necessity for conservation of energy and resources, a recessive economy, and priorities of historic preservation and environmental protection have created a demand for new solutions to the housing problem in New Orleans Economic and demographic research together with analysis of building types in selected neighborhoods reveals that many of the characteristics necessary to fulfill these needs are inherent in the existing buildings of uptown New Orleans. However, architectural modifications are required for the adaptive use of these structures to provide housing which meets contemporary living standards The fundamental hypothesis of this work is that changes in land use can occur while conserving urban resources through the adaptive use of the existing buildings. It is the intention of this study to demonstrate that the requirements of orderly urban growth can be accomplished through the adaptive use of existing structures. Land uses have been established which do not allow for residential growth and the expansion of facilities to meet the changing requirements of an inner-city population. The result of this investigation is a clear identification of the role of existing buildings in uptown New Orleans in the changing urban pattern of the city Established neighborhoods can accommodate the various requirements of a changing population by re-using structures which have previously served different functions. Zoning can be utilized as a major tool in modifying existing land use and control of density As an alternative to peripheral growth, the renovation and adaptive use of inner-city building stock can strengthen the city tax base, provide improved housing, alleviate transportation and energy problems by shortening trips to work, and contribute aesthetically to the scene. The quality of buildings constructed in this area provide excellent potential for recycling / acase@tulane.edu

The Next Step re-choreographs the trail system, encouraging a multiplicity of experiences while treating the city as an exhibit. This project focuses on the network's deployment in Washington, D.C. This network, empowered by digital navigational devices and blogging/chatting capabilities, forces a new dialogue between the organizational systems of recreational spaces and cities. The recreational corridor and its context are defined by perceived gradients and contrasts - determined by sensory information [sound, smell, light, temperature]. The expanded palette encourages a more dynamic and responsive network. Intersections, or nodes, whose scale and permanence has a direct relationship to the sensory contrast associated with their paths [magnitude of choice] are designed using a catalogue of programmatic-sensory specific elements that relate to the context of the paths and the definition of the node. These elements, deployed, enhance and amplify the site of the node to create a matrix of sensory atmospheres.

The Mexico/US border is a line of division between two nations, but paradoxically a moment of connection between local border communities. These competing interests of the border region at the federal and local scales have created a dynamic, hybridized, and rapidly growing regional zone known as the 'third space'. The emerging potential of this 'third space' as an economic engine has been jeopardized by US immigration policies which insist on understanding the border as a line, rather than its spatial reality as a blurred zone of transition. Free trade agreements such as NAFTA open up borders for goods and capital, but restrict the flow of the people. ¡SUPER NAFTA LAND! is a critique of the militarized, linear border. It presents an alternative model of using mega infrastructures to establish border regions as independent, bi-national zones of freedom, productivity, trade, and culture, open to the people of both countries.

Contingent Patterns looks to challenge the classical assumptions of variation and contingency in todays urban model. Starting with a lineage of conceptual planning and occupation strategies---the highway is antagonized as a new point of departure as an occupiable domain. Environmental, Economic, and Social constraints are reconsidered through the use of complex material systems. Traditionally change and variation is confined to the realm within the envelope; and where there is variability outside of the envelope it is confined, typically, within the footprint of the surrounding street grid. Environmental edges are typically framed by grid periphery and separated from pieces of the larger ecosystem. The use of complex material systems creates the foundation for a continuity of biological and environmental conditions. The use of water and phase change as a vessel to create a frozen surface in winter to an floral scaffolding. Contingency and variation are the tools to develop a new occupational space in the horizontal sphere, as well as, a continuity of systems between interior and exterior domains.

Monumentality can be seen as a culmination of consensus. However, when consensus is not present, furthermore, when disagreements construct the dialog, the architecture that mediates this dialog becomes a monument itself. Walls, dividing territories and cities around the world, have become dreadful monuments within our collective imaginary. Imposed separation lines, they reinforce the differences between ethnic groups and become long-term markers of a failed dialogue. This thesis takes a spatialized model of disagreement, the university, and constructs a new urban typology able to mediate conflicted zones through notions of programmed monumentality. It challenges a border condition and actively erodes a hard line within a city by strategic insertions of "encounter-platforms" for the two communities. Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus has been scarred by historical events that have created a series of unique conditions throughout the city fabric. A swatch of land running from East to West and varying in width between 3 m and 18 m has been imposed to split the city in two ethnically uniform halves. This thesis proposes an International Erasmus University inside the Green Line breaking the four-decade-old stalemate between the two communities. With students acting as effective diplomats, the exchange of ideas and opinions will aim to dismantle the firmly established psychological division between the two communities. The project creates a series of urban and architectural interventions in the city in order to stitch the unproductive separation of the territory, by proposing a series of programmatic nodes in place of the original market street. The new typology reinvents the city center and implements new points of interaction while activating the decayed urban fabric around the Green Line. The demilitarized zone is then turned into a park for the city and the university which facilitates the ease of pedestrian traffic from the two originally divided cities.

The earth has a finite supply of fresh water operating within a specific natural cycle. Due to population increases, massive industrialization of developing nations, and a culture of water consumption based on endlessness, the world is facing a massive crisis of freshwater shortage. Past and present solutions to local crisis have focused on supply management, when the real solution is demand management. Demand is founded on societal habits, cultural practices, and an individually based perception of water's value. The built environment mirrors this perception, where architecture as a cultural construct becomes an access terminal for various resource infrastructures. This thesis proposes an architecture that renders visible the cyclic specificity and finitude of water by proposing a new typology of public building that experientially transforms the inherited habits of citizens towards a balanced perception of water.