Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do ceu bessa freire.pdf: 341269 bytes, checksum: fcb13eb485ad57e5ab392c9f24ef8a35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-29 / This work aims at verifying how the urban public school system in Manaus deals with indigenous students as well as at understanding how the image of the Indian present in the school practices are received by these students. In order to achieve this objective, the work approaches the urban public school examining some of the contradictions that show up when it deals with the culture of the subjects that are part of it, namely the urban Indians belonging to the Sateré-Mawé ethnic group dwelling in Manaus. It also presents analysis on the challenges that the indigenous children face and on how this situation can be noticed throughout the practices and discourses in the urban school context. This research is based on theoretical presuppositions anchored in the notions of culture, cultural diversity, multiculturalism, interculturalism, and their relation with the teaching practice. The methodology through which the objective is sought stems from a qualitative approach to point out research alternatives that can respond to the guiding questions of the research. It makes use of semistructured interviews with the students, the teachers, the pedagogue, and the director in a public school to capture the meanings present in their discourses. In addition, as an ethnographic research, this work starts from the observation of the subjects in their pedagogic relations, more specifically the indigenous children, and of the feelings they have towards a world so culturally different from theirs. To do so, it has been used the technique of collective interview using the child story The skunk that could not smile in order to get 10-to-17-year-old fourth graders involved in the approach on differences, similarities and alterity, as well as in showing their way of making sense of the world. Information on the indigenous culture/urban school culture relation and among the different subjects in the school arena (indigenous and nonindigenous teachers and students), mediated by different cultures, allows us to reflect on the so-called plural school, a school that indeed makes these plural theoretical concept invisible in its day-by-day practices. The work ends with the proposal of educational, social and cultural adjustments in the existent school system as a way to reduce discrimination and to make of the differences present in diversity the meaning of individual and collective subject construction, using as a reference the Political and Pedagogical Plan of the school. The collective construction and execution of the Plan must be the possibility of reflecting on the practices, taking into account the possible intercultural perspective in each school context, starting from the conflict posed by the differences as an opportunity for a fairer society. / O trabalho de pesquisa cujo tema A criança Indígena na Escola Urbana: desafio intercultural tem como objetivo verificar como a escola pública urbana de Manaus trata os seus alunos indígenas e como esses alunos percebem a imagem do índio difundida nas práticas docentes, discentes e das demais pessoas que compõem o espaço educacional. Para isso, faz uma abordagem sobre a Escola pública urbana, evidenciando algumas das suas contradições presentes no tratamento das culturas dos sujeitos que dela participam, em particular, os índios citadinos da etnia Sateré-Mawé, que residem na cidade de Manaus. Apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os desafios que as crianças indígenas enfrentam e a forma como isso se constata nos discursos e nas práticas veiculadas no contexto escolar urbano. Utiliza pressupostos teóricos partindo das concepções de cultura, diversidade cultural, multiculturalismo, interculturalismo e sua relação com as práticas docentes. A metodologia utilizada para alcançar os objetivos, parte de uma abordagem qualitativa, na tentativa de apontar alternativas de investigação que atendam à problemática expressa nas questões norteadoras, utilizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas com alunos, professoras, pedagoga e diretora de uma escola pública, bem como os sentidos expressos nos seus discursos. Mas, sobretudo, como pesquisa de natureza etnográfica, parte da observação dos sujeitos em suas relações pedagógicas, particularmente as crianças indígenas e o sentimento que externam frente a este mundo diferente da cultura a qual pertencem. Para isso, experiencia entrevista coletiva com a utilização da história infantil O Gambá que não sabia sorrir , como tentativa de envolver alunos da 4ª série na faixa etária de 10 a 17 anos, através do universo lúdico, para a abordagem sobre a diferença, igualdade e alteridade, bem como a sua forma de ver e sentir-se no mundo. As informações sobre a relação cultura indígena/ cultura escolar urbana; relações entre os diversos sujeitos da Escola, entre professoras e alunos índios e não índios, mediadas pelas diferentes culturas, proporcionam uma reflexão sobre a escola plural que sempre existiu, mas que torna essa realidade invisível nas práticas pedagógicas. Finaliza com uma proposta de adequação da escola que está posta (educacional, social e culturalmente), como forma de minimizar a discriminação e fazer da diferença presente na diversidade o sentido da construção individual e coletiva de sujeitos, apontando como referência de articulação o Projeto Político Pedagógico de escola. A construção coletiva e a execução deste projeto são apontadas como a possibilidade de uma reflexão sobre a prática, considerando a perspectiva intercultural possível em cada contexto escolar, partindo do conflito entre as diferenças como oportunidade para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa.

abstract: Twentieth century California Indians have received muted attention from scholars. The sheer size and diversity of California Indians can be overwhelming. Geographically, California is the third largest state and home to one hundred and ten federally recognized tribes. California Indians created alliances across the state among diverse tribal groups. Indian advocacy and activism of the twentieth century has been a limited discussion focused on four major events: Alcatraz occupation of 1969; Trail of Broken Treaties and subsequent occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs building of 1972; Wounded Knee of 1973; and the "Longest Walk" in 1978. These four major developments should not be ignored. However, the discussion should be broader and include diverse forms of advocacy and activism. In 1964 Rupert Costo, Cahuilla, his wife Jeannette Henry-Costo, Eastern Cherokee, and thirteen Indians from diverse tribes, largely from California, founded the American Indian Historical Society (AIHS). Costo served as president of the organization until its dissolution in 1986. The San Francisco based group sought to improve education, communication, and cultural development among Indians. Members of this activist organization challenged textbooks, testified at congressional hearings, created an Indian controlled publishing house, coordinated community meetings, and lobbied for protection of burial grounds. It also circulated, Wassaja, one of the first national Indian newspapers with original content. Through its publications, the AIHS sought to inform and promote mutual understanding between Indians and non-Indians. The AIHS' philosophy centered on the belief that Indians could, through their own initiative and innovation, lead the fight in Indian affairs. Through the years, the AIHS supported Indian issues and efforts of individual tribes to preserve their rights. Thus, the AIHS defended tribal self-determination and rejected pan-indianism. The federal government policy of relocation encouraged non-California Indians to move into California. Relocation caused friction as the focus by many in the mainstream media turned its attention to relocated Indians which increasingly rendered California Indians invisible. However, with conscientious effort the AIHS worked towards informing and educating Indians and non-Indians. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2013

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