This dissertation examines tribal-state relations in Alabama and Louisiana during the 1970s and 1980s. These relationships were the outcomes of the Southern Indian Movement, which emerged just as regional and national racial politics began shifting and southern states started to recognize Indian populations through the development of Indian Affairs Commissions. Through these state agencies, Indian groups forged strong networks with local, state, and national agencies while advocating for cultural preservation and revitalization, economic development, and the implementation of community services. Commissions also brought formerly isolated groups, each with different goals and needs, together for the first time, creating an assortment of alliances and divisions. These unique relationships between tribes and states additionally served state interests by giving legislators the opportunity to wage public relations campaigns, to make racialized critiques of the Black Civil Rights Movement, to emphasize the South's indigenous identity, and to assert states' rights by assuming federal responsibilities.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper proposes to examine the importance of the role of indigenous communities in the process of renewal of Bolivian constitution, as well as on the advances of international law dedicated to indigenous issues. Once the social articulation and politicization of bolivian ethnic communities seem to provide a paradigmatic example of the understanding of Indian activism beyond national borders, the attention devoted to it will be central, whose focus will be broadened in the final part of this dissertation. Whereas there is no conjucture analysis that can dispense the historic bailout, the treatment to the approval of the New Bolivian Constitution is supported by a welldefined historical setting. The approach try to bring together different areas of knowledge, preserving the multidisciplinarity that makes the study of international relations. Thus, the first chapter, devoted to retelling the Bolivian history from the perspective of indigenous communities, also enjoy of the theoretical framework of anthropology. The second chapter, in turn, involves the analysis of the reforms that is coming through the Bolivian National State today, highlighting the active participation of civil society - especially indigenous - in the construction of a new constitutional agenda for the country. This approach will be followed by some polls about what it proposes to call an "International Law of Indigenous Peoples," witch, as well as the rebuilding of bolivian State, is also anchored on Indian activism. The analyses of the theme of this chapter shall be gathered law and political science. Finally, the conclusion, follows on some notes by Edgar Morin, and from them, the search for an understanding about the context that the experience witch is example the "neoconstitutionalism" in Bolivia, where the experimentalism and hope seem to be the key to confronting the uncertainties of the future. / O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a importância da atuação das comunidades indígenas no processo de renovação constitucional boliviana e nos avanços da legislação internacional dedicada à questão indígena. Uma vez que a articulação social e politização étnica das comunidades bolivianas parecem fornecer um exemplo paradigmático à compreensão do ativismo indígena para além das fronteiras nacionais, a ela dedicar-se-á atenção central, cujo foco será ampliado na parte final desta dissertação. Considerando que não há análise de conjuntura que possa prescindir do socorro histórico, o tratamento dispensado à aprovação da Nova Constituição Boliviana estará amparado por uma moldura histórica bem delimitada. A abordagem desenvolvida busca congregar diferentes áreas do conhecimento, preservando a multidisciplinaridade de que perfaz-se o estudo das relações internacionais. Assim, o primeiro capítulo, dedicado a recontar a história boliviana sob a ótica das comunidades indígenas, gozará, também, do referencial teórico da Antropologia. O segundo capítulo, por sua vez, comporta a análise das reformas por que vem passando o Estado Nacional Boliviano na atualidade, destacando a participação ativa da sociedade civil notadamente indígena na construção de uma nova agenda constitucional para o país. Essa abordagem será seguida de algumas sondagens sobre o que se propõe chamar um Direito Internacional dos Povos Indígenas , e que, assim como a reconstrução estatal boliviana, também está ancorado sobre o ativismo indígena. Para lançar luz sobre a temática deste capítulo, serão congregados Direito e Ciência Política. Por fim, a título de conclusão, retomam-se alguns apontamentos de Edgar Morin e, a partir deles, busca-se compreender o contexto de que é expoente a experiência neoconstitucional boliviana, em que o experimentalismo e a esperança parecem constituir a chave para o enfrentamento das incertezas do futuro.

This master thesis deals with the period of radicalization and militarization of North American Indian activism during the 1960s and 1970s. For this period we use the term Red Power Movement. The thesis describes the history of Indian federal policy of USA. Outlines the Red Power Movement as a important actor in political process and focus on the role of the Movement in the shaping the Indian identity.

abstract: Twentieth century California Indians have received muted attention from scholars. The sheer size and diversity of California Indians can be overwhelming. Geographically, California is the third largest state and home to one hundred and ten federally recognized tribes. California Indians created alliances across the state among diverse tribal groups. Indian advocacy and activism of the twentieth century has been a limited discussion focused on four major events: Alcatraz occupation of 1969; Trail of Broken Treaties and subsequent occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs building of 1972; Wounded Knee of 1973; and the "Longest Walk" in 1978. These four major developments should not be ignored. However, the discussion should be broader and include diverse forms of advocacy and activism. In 1964 Rupert Costo, Cahuilla, his wife Jeannette Henry-Costo, Eastern Cherokee, and thirteen Indians from diverse tribes, largely from California, founded the American Indian Historical Society (AIHS). Costo served as president of the organization until its dissolution in 1986. The San Francisco based group sought to improve education, communication, and cultural development among Indians. Members of this activist organization challenged textbooks, testified at congressional hearings, created an Indian controlled publishing house, coordinated community meetings, and lobbied for protection of burial grounds. It also circulated, Wassaja, one of the first national Indian newspapers with original content. Through its publications, the AIHS sought to inform and promote mutual understanding between Indians and non-Indians. The AIHS' philosophy centered on the belief that Indians could, through their own initiative and innovation, lead the fight in Indian affairs. Through the years, the AIHS supported Indian issues and efforts of individual tribes to preserve their rights. Thus, the AIHS defended tribal self-determination and rejected pan-indianism. The federal government policy of relocation encouraged non-California Indians to move into California. Relocation caused friction as the focus by many in the mainstream media turned its attention to relocated Indians which increasingly rendered California Indians invisible. However, with conscientious effort the AIHS worked towards informing and educating Indians and non-Indians. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2013

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