FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / The study of urban-regional dynamics of cities and the role that develops within of the groups of cities is an important theme in geographical studies. These spaces gain new forms and contents when start developing different activities and urban functions. In this sense, this work consists in discussing the set of functions and urban activities in the city of Crato-Ce. It has as a reference research focus its situation/position opposite the group of cities represented by Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha. This urban agglomeration is responsible for the strong regional influence of Cariri in Cearà urban hierarchy consolidating its position as the largest example of complementary functions in the state of CearÃ. With regard to Crato, natural attributes, economic and political that had once made it play the role of absolute urban-regional command in Cariri and area of influence. From the importance of Crato initial perspective on urban dynamics, in which is part of, the central purpose of the research is to glimpse different moments of this center and stablished urban roles, to identify changes, continuity and activity breaks presented in time and space. ItÂs used as the initial time frame analysis the late nineteenth century and through central landmarks to understand what the place of Crato in the realization of urban functions and constitution of the Metropolitan region of Cariri- RMC. The presence of new social agents and respectively of new space processes in the cluster did Crato flow back in the set of activities developed in the intra and inter-urban scale. The mergence of Juazeiro has a lot to explain to this urban condition of Crato that since the insurrection of Juazeiro divides strength and loses space in the assembly constituted by complementarity of functions. ItÂs considered legitimate to understand these changes in view of the importance and relief of Cariri and specially Crajubar in different scales of urban-regional analysis. / O estudo da dinÃmica urbano-regional das cidades e do papel que desenvolve no Ãmbito do conjunto de cidades, à uma temÃtica relevante nos estudos geogrÃficos. Esses espaÃos ganham novas formas e conteÃdos, ao passo que passam a desenvolver diferentes atividades e funÃÃes urbanas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho consiste em discutir o conjunto de funÃÃes e atividades urbanas da cidade de Crato-CE. Tem-se como foco preferencial de investigaÃÃo sua situaÃÃo/posiÃÃo frente ao conjunto de cidades representadas por Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha. Essa aglomeraÃÃo urbana à responsÃvel pela forte influÃncia regional do Cariri na hierarquia urbana cearense, consolidando-se como maior exemplo de complementariedade de funÃÃes no Estado do CearÃ. No que tange a Crato, os atributos naturais, econÃmicos e polÃticos de que dispunha em outrora lhe fizeram exercer papel de comando urbano-regional absoluto no Cariri e Ãrea de influÃncia. Partindo da importÃncia dessa perspectiva inicial do Crato na dinÃmica urbana de que faz parte, o objetivo central da investigaÃÃo està em vislumbrar diferentes momentos desse centro e papÃis urbanos estabelecidos, visando identificar mudanÃas, permanÃncias e rupturas de atividades apresentados no tempo e espaÃo. Utiliza-se como recorte temporal inicial para anÃlise o final do sÃculo XIX e atravÃs de marcos histÃricos centrais, perceber qual o lugar do Crato na realizaÃÃo de funÃÃes urbanas e na constituiÃÃo da RegiÃo Metropolitana do Cariri-RMC. A presenÃa de novos agentes sociais e respectivamente de novos processos espaciais no aglomerado, fizeram o Crato refluir no conjunto de atividades de que desenvolvia na escala intra e interurbana. Notadamente, o surgimento de Juazeiro do Norte muito tem a explicar para essa nova condiÃÃo urbana de Crato, que desde a sediÃÃo de Juazeiro divide forÃa e perde âespaÃoâ no conjunto constituÃdo pela complementariedade de funÃÃes. Considera-se legÃtimo entender essas transformaÃÃes em face da importÃncia e relevo do Cariri, e em especial o Crajubar, nas diferentes escalas de anÃlise urbano-regional.

No description available.

Au cours des dernières décennies, le commerce de détail a connu de profondesévolutions. Elles ont largement marqué l’organisation des espaces urbains, et plus largementdes territoires qu’ils polarisent. Cette thèse de doctorat se propose d’aborder la question ducommerce de détail dans un type d’espace urbain particulier que sont les petites villes, enprenant l’exemple de celles du Centre-est de la France. Dans le cadre des mutations dusystème commercial et des territoires sur lesquels il s’inscrit, nous avons posé laproblématique de l’adaptation des petites villes aux changements provoqués par les Secondeet Troisième Révolutions commerciales. Après avoir démontré que les petites villes, en dépitde certaines originalités liées à leur taille et à leur positionnement dans la hiérarchie urbaine,ont parfaitement été intégrées dans les dynamiques récentes de la fonction commerciale et descomportements d’achat, nous avons vu que cette adaptation varie fortement en fonction duprofil démographique, fonctionnel et situationnel des petites villes. La diversité des cas defigure nous a alors amené à nous pencher sur le question du rôle des acteurs publics et privésdans les stratégies locales d’aménagement et de développement commercial, et à laconclusion de la nécessité de coordonner les politiques d’aménagement et de développementcommercial avec celles portant sur les autres éléments du système urbain de la petite ville,afin de renforcer leur efficacité. / During the last decades, retail trade has known some important evolutions. Theyhave left a mark on the urban spaces’ organization, and moreover on the territories polarizedby the towns. This thesis aims to study the issue of the retail trade in a particular type of urbanspace that is the small town, taking the example of the Centre-East of France. Within theframework of the mutations of the commercial system and its territories, we have posed theproblematic of the adaptation of small towns to the changes generated by the Second and theThird Commercial Revolutions. After demonstrating that small towns, despite someoriginalities explained by their size and their position in the urban hierarchy, have beenclearly integrated in the recent dynamics of the commercial function and the customers’behaviour, we have seen that this adaptation vary according to the demographic, functionaland situational profile of the small towns. The diversity of the cases brought us to the issue ofthe role of public and private actors in the local strategies of commercial planning anddevelopment. Our reflection took us to the conclusion of a necessary coordination of retailplanning and development policies with the ones which deal with the other elements of thesmall town’s urban system, in order to improve their efficiency.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse how to measure an economic pillar of sustainable urban development when it is understood in terms of qualitative city development. This principly means achieving economic prosperity which does not lead to damage of the city areas and decrease the quality of life for its residents. This approach requires the creation of an appropriate set of indicators that will cover qualitative aspects of sustainable economic development. The first section summarizes existing approaches to the definition of sustainable development and ways of measuring both on the Czech and the international level. There are also defined basic characteristics of the urban development which are appropriate to express a qualitative development of the city. The second part is focused on existing ways in which sustainable development is measured, i.e. especially in the context of indicator sets. These are under detailed assessment which aim is to show how useful is to measure the economic sustainability from the qualitative point of view. In this part, the limits of using economic macro aggregates (especially Gross Domestic Product) is emphasized because there are still regarded as one of the key economic indicators of sustainable development. In the next part the thesis deals with the definition of economic prosperity and focuses on the characteristics typical for short, medium and long term perspective. Measurement of sustainable urban development in the short term is based on assessment of financial situation. From the medium-term point of view, it is crucial to assess how the city handles its property, i.e. mainly buildings and land. These property components are substantial for a further direction of city development. In the next section are designed indicators aimed at measuring the ability of the city to maintain a skilled workforce which is one of the most important conditions of long-term economic prosperity. The final theoretical part of the thesis is focused on how the long-term sustainable urban development is to be expressed in an economic way through the assessment of investments in urban infrastructure and its operational efficiency. The designed set of indicators is verified on case studies of three medium-sized Czech cities.